1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 933及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic: Computers or Books. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 一些人认为图书馆应该购买更多电脑 2. 另一些人认为应该购买更多图书 3. 你的看法 Computers or Books 二、 Part II
2、Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (fo
3、r NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Industrial Revolution The economic development Industrial Revolution was a widespread replacement of manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 18t
4、h century and is still continuing in some parts of the world. The Industrial Revolution was the result of many fundamental, interrelated changes that transformed agricultural economies into industrial ones. The most immediate changes were in the nature of production: what was produced, as well as wh
5、ere and how. Goods that had traditionally been made in the home or in small workshops began to be manufactured in the factory. Productivity and technical efficiency grew dramatically, in part through the systematic application of scientific and practical knowledge to the manufacturing process. Effic
6、iency was also enhanced when large groups of business enterprises were located within a limited area. The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of cities as people moved from rural areas into urban communities in search of work. The social changes The changes brought by the Industrial Revolution o
7、verturned not only traditional economies, but also whole societies. Economic changes caused far-reaching social changes, including the movement of people to cities, the availability of a greater variety of material goods, and new ways of doing business. The Industrial Revolution was the first step i
8、n modem economic growth and development. Economic development was combined with superior military technology to make the nations of Europe and other counterparts, such as the United States, the most powerful in the world in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britai
9、n during the last half of the 18th century and spread through regions of Europe and to the United States during the following century. In the 20th century industrialization on a wide scale extended to parts of Asia and the Pacific Rim. Today mechanized production and modern economic growth continue
10、to spread to new areas of the world, and much of humankind has yet to experience the changes typical of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution is called a revolution because it changed society both significantly and rapidly. Over the course of human history, there has been only one oth
11、er group of changes as significant as the Industrial Revolution. This is what anthropologists call the Neolithic (新石器时代的 ) Revolution, which took place in the later part of the Stone Age. In the Neolithic Revolution, people moved from social systems based on hunting and gathering to much more comple
12、x communities that depended on agriculture and the domestication of animals. The Industrial Revolution brought a shift from the agricultural societies created during the Neolithic Revolution to modern industrial societies. The social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution were significan
13、t. As economic activities in many communities moved from agriculture to manufacturing, production shifted from its traditional locations in the home and the small workshop to factories. Large portions of the population relocated from the countryside to the towns and cities where manufacturing center
14、s were found. The overall amount of goods and services produced expanded dramatically, and the proportion of capital invested per worker grew. New groups of investors, businesspeople, and managers took financial risks and reaped (收获 , 得到 ) great rewards. In the long run the Industrial Revolution has
15、 brought economic improvement for most people in industrialized societies. Many enjoy greater prosperity and improved health, especially those in the middle and the upper classes of society. There have been costs, however. In some cases, the lower classes of society have suffered economically. Indus
16、trialization has brought factory pollutants and greater land use, which have harmed the natural environment. In particular, the application of machinery and science to agriculture has led to greater land use and, therefore, extensive loss of habitat for animals and plants. In addition, drastic popul
17、ation growth following industrialization has contributed to the decline of natural habitats and resources. These factors, in turn, have caused many species to become extinct or endangered. The foundation in Europe Ever since the Renaissance, Europeans had been inventing and using even more complex m
18、achinery. Particularly important were improvements in transportation, such as faster ships, and communication, especially printing. These improvements played a key role in the development of the Industrial Revolution by encouraging the movement of new ideas and mechanisms, as well as the people who
19、knew how to build and run them. Great Britain leads the way Then, in the 18th century in Britain, new production methods were introduced in several key industries, dramatically altering how these industries functioned. These new methods included different machines, fresh sources of power and energy,
20、 and novel forms of organizing business and labor. For the first time technical and scientific knowledge was applied to business practices on a large scale Humankind had begun to develop mass production. The result was an increase in material goods, usually selling for lower prices than before. The
21、Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because social, political, and legal conditions there were particularly favorable to change. Property rights, such as those for patents (专利权 ) on mechanical improvements, were well established. More importantly, the predictable, stable rule of law in Brit
22、ain meant that monarchs and aristocrats were less likely to arbitrarily seize earnings or impose taxes than they were in many other countries. As a result, earnings were safer, and ambitious businesspeople could gain wealth, social prestige, and power more easily than could people on the European co
23、ntinent. These factors encouraged risk taking and investment in new business ventures, both crucial to economic growth. In addition, Great Britains government pursued a relatively hands-off economic policy. This free- market approach was made popular through Scottish philosopher and economist Adam S
24、mith and his book The Wealth of Nations (1776). The hands-off policy permitted fresh methods and ideas to flourish with little interference or regulation. Britains nurturing social and political setting encouraged the changes that began in a few trades to spread to others. Gradually the new ways of
25、production transformed more and more parts of the British economy, although older methods continued in many industries. Several industries played key roles in Britains industrialization. Iron and steel manufacture, the production of steam engines, and textiles were all powerful influences. Modern in
26、dustry requires power to run its machinery. During the development of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, coal was the main source of power. Even before the 18th century, some British industries had begun using the countrys plentiful coal supply instead of wood, which was much scarcer. Coal was ad
27、opted by the metalworking, glass and ceramics (制陶业 ) industries, demonstrating its potential for use in many industrial processes. 2 The passage gives an overall view of the Industrial Revolution around the world. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Cities developed rapidly due to the migration upsurge in the I
28、ndustrial Revolution. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Great changes took place in the social aspect with the rising economy, but business transactions were still performed traditionally. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The Neolithic Revolution led to the establishment of permanent settlements and, eventually, urban
29、 civilizations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Economic benefit was only available to the rich people and the upper class in the process of industrialization. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The environment was destroyed as a result of population explosion with the advancing of industrialization. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C
30、） NG 8 The Industrial Revolution witnessed the extensive use of theoretical knowledge in practice. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Besides economic growth, some great European powers ascended in the Industrialization Revolution because of their _. 10 The wide adoption of Britains hands-off policy was promot
31、ed by the thoughts of _. 11 In the Industrial Revolution, the factories in Britain took _ as the most important energy source for electricity. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions w
32、ill be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） 12 dollars. （ B） 8 dollars. （ C） 20 dollars.
33、 （ D） 10 dollars. （ A） It is OK to pay with the ID card. （ B） It is OK to pay with the cash. （ C） It is OK to pay with the credit card. （ D） He doesnt need to pay. （ A） She is late. （ B） She is never on time. （ C） She feels angry. （ D） She doesnt want to be blamed. （ A） France. （ B） Canada. （ C） Ame
34、rica. （ D） England. （ A） He knows the answer. （ B） He is not quite sure. （ C） He refuses to answer the question. （ D） He hasnt watched the movie. （ A） 9:45. （ B） 10:00. （ C） 10:15. （ D） 10:30. （ A） In the restaurant. （ B） At the airport. （ C） In the hotel. （ D） In the bus. （ A） The man cannot gradua
35、te from the school. （ B） The man used to like the course. （ C） The man doesnt understand the course. （ D） The man has to take the course. （ A） American heroes in history. （ B） The importance of American heroes. （ C） Modern American heroes. （ D） American heroism. （ A） To show respect to this modern A
36、merican hero. （ B） To indicate how important Dr. Martin Luther King is. （ C） To illustrate what a modem hero is. （ D） To set an example for American modem heroes. （ A） Personal development. （ B） Simple daily problems. （ C） National crises. （ D） Political issues. （ A） Go to summer school. （ B） Take a
37、 vacation. （ C） Stay at home. （ D） Earn some money. （ A） They hired someone to stay in their home. （ B） They left their pets with neighbors. （ C） They rented their house to a student. （ D） They asked their gardener to watch their home. （ A） Walking the dog. （ B） Cutting the grass. （ C） Watching the
38、children. （ D） Feeding the fish. （ A） They attend a housesitters party. （ B） They check a housesitters references. （ C） They interview a housesitters friends. （ D） They look at a housesitters transcripts. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passa
39、ge, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The distance kept between people is a wall. （ B） The distance is comfortable. （ C） The distance v
40、aries from culture to culture. （ D） The distance is somewhat fixed （ A） Americans. （ B） Japanese: （ C） Latin Americans. （ D） Chinese. （ A） The Americans feel comfortable when touching each other. （ B） The Americans are cold and distant. （ C） The Americans often say “Excuse me“. （ D） The Americans ke
41、ep a usual distance between an arms length to four feet when talking. （ A） The tractor. （ B） The car. （ C） The wheel. （ D） The steam engine. （ A） People continued to explore new lands. （ B） People staked to make life better. （ C） People stopped making inventions. （ D） People started to explore more
42、land. （ A） The jet plane. （ B） The radio. （ C） Movies with sound. （ D） The computer. （ A） Progress in medicine. （ B） Progress in computers. （ C） Progress in new materials. （ D） Progress in helicopters. （ A） Scientists. （ B） Art graduates. （ C） Children. （ D） Women. （ A） A person who spends all day w
43、orking in a laboratory. （ B） A person who doesnt talk about anything but science. （ C） A person who doesnt play games well and isnt attractive to the opposite sex. （ D） A person who is not lacking the sense of humor. （ A） Attractive. （ B） Dull. （ C） Unattractive. （ D） Logical. （ A） Studying arts can
44、 make more money. （ B） They have many misconceptions towards science. （ C） Studying science is more difficult. （ D） Studying arts is more interesting. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully
45、for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the
46、exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Today we talk about the difference between a college and a university. Colleges and universities have a lot in【 B1】 _. They prepare young adults for work. They provide a greater【 B2】 _of the world and its past. And they help students learn to【 B3】
47、 _the arts and sciences. Students who attend either a college or a university【 B4】 _take four years to complete a program of study. But one difference is that many colleges do not offer【 B5】 _study programs or support research projects. Universities often are much larger than colleges. Universities
48、carry out a lot of research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate and graduate students.【 B6】_ universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university“ came from the Latin “universitas“. This described a group of people organized for a
49、common【 B7】_. “College“ came from a Latin word with a【 B8】 _meaning, “collegium“. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live.【 B9】 _ Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a persons mind.【 B10】_ Another meaning of “college“ is a part of a university.【 B11】 _. This is still true. 38 【 B1】 39 【 B2】 40 【 B3】 41 【 B4
