1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 953及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Shopping on the Internet 1现在流行网上购物 2网上购物有利有弊 3你的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the pa
2、ssage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Skys Limit Air travel is a rapidly gro
3、wing source of greenhouse gases. But it is also an indispensable way of travel. The new A380 The double-decker A380, the biggest airliner the world has seen, landed at Heathrow last month to test whether Londons main airport could handle the new 550-seater, due to enter commercial service at the end
4、 of this year. It was a proud moment for Britains Rolls-Royce, the makers of the aircrafts Trent 900 engines. Rolls-Royce says the four Trents on the A380 are as clean and efficient as any jet engine, and produce “as much power as 3,500 family cars“. A simple calculation shows that the equivalent of
5、 more than six cars is needed to fly each passenger. Take the calculation further: flying a fully laden A380 is, in terms of energy, like a 14km (nine-mile) queue of traffic on the road below. And that is just one aircraft. In 20 years, Airbus reckons, 1,500 such planes will be in the air. By then,
6、the total number of airliners is expected to have doubled, to 22,000. The huge airplane alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide (CO2) at the same rate as 5 million cars. That may not seem much compared with the 60 million vehicles that pour off assembly lines every year or the 1 billion vehicles a
7、lready on the worlds roads. But whereas cars are used roughly for about an hour or so a day, jet airliners are on the move for at least 10 hours a day. And they burn tax-free, highoctane (高能量的 ) fuel, which dumps hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO2 into the most sensitive part of the atmosphere. A
8、viation is a relatively small source of the emissions blamed for global warming, but its share is growing the fastest. The evidence is strong. As a result, aviation is increasingly attracting the attention of environmentalists and politicians. Amid much controversy, CO2caps (最高限制 ) and carbon-tradin
9、g could soon be used to help curb aircraft emissions. Frequent flyers, free riders Airlines are accused of having a free ride in terms of air pollution because they pay no tax on the fuel they use for international flights. Even though todays aircraft are about 70% more efficient than those of 40 ye
10、ars ago, concerns over emissions have grown. Despite booming demand for air travel, many airlines are losing money. Now green campaigners want people to think twice before they fly. The opposing voice is particularly loud in Europe, where low-cost carriers are expanding fast on busy shorthaul (短距离 )
11、 routes. The European Parliament will vote in July on a proposal to limit aircraft emissions. America is deeply unhappy at the prospect of its airlines being affected. Sharon Pinkerton, a senior representative of the Federal Aviation Administration insisted, on a visit to Brussels last year, that Am
12、erican carriers should be exempted from the scheme. This sets the scene for another transatlantic aviation dispute, to add to the two bitter and long-running disputes over subsidies to Europes Airbus and the liberalisation of air traffic between the two continents. The airlines are growing nervous.
13、The big international carriers represented by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) would rather Europe waited for the deliberations of a United Nations body, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), which has set technical, legal and safety rules for more than 50 years. In
14、ternational aviation was excluded from the Kyoto protocol on global warming, but only on condition that, by the end of 2007, countries and airlines worked under the umbrella of ICAO to come up with a way of reducing emissions through a trading scheme. Soon after the end of the second world war the m
15、ember governments of ICAO agreed that airlines should be free of fuel taxes. Some say this was to outlaw unilateral taxes that could distort markets, but others reckon it was done to boost the fledgling airline industry emerging from the fighting. The corollary was that aviation, unlike motor traffi
16、c and other forms of transport, would pay in a transparent manner for the infrastructure and services it required-air-traffic management, landing charges, flyover rights and so on. That was supposed to take care of the external costs. But no one in those days thought much about the environment. Coun
17、ting the cost It was not until 1999 that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) attempted to reduce the effect of aviation on the environment. Transport as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the worlds CO2 discharges. That makes it one of the big
18、gest sources, alongside power generation and households, as a source of the gas. Within transport, aviation accounts for about 13%. Its contribution to total man-made emissions worldwide is said to be around 3%. So why all the fuss about so little? One reason is that high-altitude emissions are prob
19、ably disproportionately damaging to the environment. The nitrogen oxides from jet-engine exhausts lead to the formation of ozone, another greenhouse gas. Contrails (飞行云 ) are also suspected of enhancing the formation of cirrus clouds, which some scientists think adds to the global warming effect. Th
20、e IPCC estimated that the overall impact on global warming of aircraft could be between two and four times that of their CO2 emissions alone, though there is no scientific consensus about the size of this multiplier. Naturally, the airlines choose to measure the greenhouse gases they produce in the
21、way that casts them in the best light a trick they deploy on safety statistics, too. For instance, over half of aircraft accidents occur around take-off and landing. So accidents per passenger-mile compare very favourably with other means of transport. But at least one study has shown that, if accid
22、ents are measured per journey instead, aircraft are the second-most dangerous way of travelling, after motorcycles. Likewise on greenhouse gases. IATA says an aircrafts fuel consumption is about the same as that of a family car, at 3.5 litres per 100 passenger-kilometres. So CO2 emissions are simila
23、r. But that is true only if the aircraft is full and the cars passenger seats are empty. And even then, a jumbo jet flying from London to Sydney would be like nearly 400 Volkswagen Polos each travelling just over 16,000km the average distance a European drives in a year. In other words, although car
24、s and aircraft discharge roughly the same amount of CO2for each passenger-kilometre, the aircraft travel an awful lot farther. Waiting to land Crowded airports compound the problem. Busy runways at places such as Heathrow mean aeroplanes have to circle wastefully. The possibility of being held up en
25、sures that pilots carry extra fuel, thereby increasing the aircrafts weight and, hence, its consumption of fuel. Other small changes could further save fuel and avoid carbon emissions: aircraft could be towed everywhere on the ground by electric vehicles. Consumers, too, can take a stand by voluntar
26、ily offsetting the carbon emissions associated with flying by paying, for instance, to have trees planted. This week IATA said the net loss of the worlds airlines in the past six years would amount to almost $44 billion. Carriers have been hit by terrorism, war, recession, the respiratory disease SA
27、ILS and soaring oil prices. There were hopes the industry could make a small profit in 2007, but having to pay for environmental costs could change that. Yet global warming is not something that airlines, or any other industry, can shake off for ever. Sooner or later, aviation will have to shoulder
28、the burden it imposes on the planet. 2 This passage is mainly about how the development of airline industry has affected the environment through its greenhouse gases emission. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 It is predicted that in 20 years, the huge airplanes alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide at th
29、e same rate as 5 million cars. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The author compares the effect of airliners on the environment and that of the cars and concluded that the effect of the former is less because the number of airplanes is much smaller than that of the cars （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 In the past, av
30、iation industry was the smallest source of greenhouse gases emission and thus did not attract peoples attention. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Many airlines are having less profit today although there are more demand for air travel. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 America is proposing an alternative plan to solve
31、 the problem of emission from airliners. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The airlines are mom and more nervous, and they want the problem be considered by IATA, a United Nations body. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 _as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the worlds carbon dioxide discharges
32、. 10 Although aviation accounts for only 3% of the total man-made emission, its_ are believed to be disproportionately damaging to the environment. 11 During the past six years, airline industry has been hit by terrorism, war, _which made the industry suffer a total loss of $44 billion. Section A Di
33、rections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the p
34、ause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She felt it was tiring. （ B） She felt it was very nice. （ C） She thought it took less time. （ D） She thought it was expensive. （ A） His advisor. （ B） His teacher. （ C） His partner. （ D） His boss. （ A
35、） Both of them have overcome their fear of heights. （ B） The woman is afraid of high places, but the man is not. （ C） They are both afraid of high places. （ D） Both of them like to stand on high places. （ A） Franks car was accidentally lost. （ B） Frank was killed in a car accident. （ C） Frank fell o
36、ut of a car. （ D） Frank survived a car accident. （ A） At a church. （ B） At a library. （ C） At a bank. （ D） At a theatre. （ A） He should sit in the smoking section. （ B） He should ask the stewardess for help. （ C） He should move to another part of the plane. （ D） He should put out his cigarette at on
37、ce. （ A） He doesnt have enough money to buy a car. （ B） He really doesnt want to buy a car. （ C） he plans to buy a car in a little while. （ D） He will have enough money for a car soon. （ A） It is customary to throw money towards the performer. （ B） The man is rich and can afford to throw money towar
38、ds the performer. （ C） The man doesnt want his money any more. （ D） The performer hasnt showed yet. （ A） Spoiling a book. （ B） Measuring reading speed. （ C） Decoration a book with lines, signs, etc. （ D） Taking notes on a book while reading. （ A） The ability to read different books in different ways
39、. （ B） The ability to think actively in reading. （ C） The ability to raise and answer questions. （ D） The ability to read quickly. （ A） It keeps the book clean. （ B） It gives him pleasure and relaxation. （ C） It keeps him awake and thinking actively. （ D） It improves his reading speed. （ A） Because
40、there was a traffic jam. （ B） Because he got up late. （ C） Because his apartment is far away from the campus. （ D） Because he missed a bus and had to wait for another one. （ A） They are doing experiments. （ B） They are listening to the lecture. （ C） They are debating. （ D） They are giving and listen
41、ing to presentations. （ A） Art. （ B） Physics. （ C） Economics. （ D） Law. （ A） 30 minutes. （ B） 20 minutes. （ C） 1 hour. （ D） 40 minutes. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions
42、will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They live in isolated areas. （ B） They are active in voluntary services. （ C） They are interested in other kinds of reading. （ D） They tend to be low in education and
43、 in income. （ A） The number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing. （ B） There are mom nonreaders among young people nowadays. （ C） Them are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected. （ D） The reasons why people dont read newspapers are more complicated than assumed. （ A
44、） Shortening their news stories. （ B） lowering the prices of their newspapers. （ C） Adding variety to their newspaper content. （ D） Including more advertisements in their newspapers. （ A） Studying yoga. （ B） Playing tennis. （ C） The search for physical fitness. （ D） The wushu. （ A） On the job market
45、. （ B） At their former schools. （ C） In their homes. （ D） At the local high schools or colleges. （ A） Because they are trying to find better jobs. （ B） Because they want to meet new friends there. （ C） Because they want to keep themselves busy. （ D） Because they want to educate their children. （ A）
46、He was the owner of a tavern. （ B） He was just a schoolboy. （ C） He paid his fathers debts. （ D） The author didnt mention. （ A） Because he wanted to avoid his fathers punishment. （ B） Because he hated to go to school. （ C） Because he wanted to escape from the boy he fought with. （ D） Because he want
47、ed to gain his independence. （ A） He worked a number of unskilled jobs. （ B） He hunted wild animals. （ C） He sold guns to earn money. （ D） He worked for his father. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should lis
48、ten carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can e
49、ither use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 35 Choosing what to do in life is one of the hardest decisions that a person has to make. Some people choose too early and【 B1】 _ their choices, while others choose too late and miss the【 B2】 _ that they had earlier. In order to make the correct【 B3】 _ people must understand themselves and their【 B4】 _ . Everyone has dreams which they want to make real, but many people try to reach goals which are【 B5】 _ their grasp. Often
