1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Vocational Education or College Education? following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than WO words. Write your essay on Answer
2、Sheet 1. 1报考职业学院的人数近年来有上升的趋势 2有人认为职业教育更有利于就业，有人认为大学文凭更重要 3我的看法 Vocational Education or College Education? Section A （ A） The woman is cheerful. （ B） The woman has nothing. （ C） The woman feels bored. （ D） The woman is special. （ A） The man still have chance to pass the exam. （ B） The man still has a
3、 fever. （ C） The man will fail the exam one more time. （ D） The man should be upset. （ A） She is writing. （ B） She is reading a magazine. （ C） She is editing. （ D） She is being interviewed. （ A） They should go by train if its not too expensive. （ B） They should take the train because its more relaxi
4、ng. （ C） They should drive to Chicago. （ D） They should go by air. （ A） He criticized Jane. （ B） He is unhappy. （ C） He is selfish. （ D） He is lazy. （ A） Husband and wife. （ B） Salesman and customer. （ C） Doctor and patient. （ D） Employer and employee. （ A） The man should find another location. （ B）
5、 The man should put the horse before the cart. （ C） The man should not open a new shop. （ D） The man should do something more important. （ A） He usually plays golf alone. （ B） He often plays golf with his employer. （ C） He is a member of a country golf club. （ D） He likes to play golf very much. （ A
6、） He often goes on exploring expeditions. （ B） He is a racing driver for many years. （ C） He likes to join in extreme sports. （ D） He often drives fast during the night. （ A） During the British Grand Prix. （ B） During the Mexican Grand Prix. （ C） On his way to the studio. （ D） During his last race.
7、（ A） Several drivers were killed in the accident. （ B） There was a multiple motor vehicle collision. （ C） His car ran into the car in front of him. （ D） His car was damaged but he wasnt hurt. （ A） There were too many cars. （ B） He saw a traffic accident. （ C） He hit a car in front of him. （ D） His c
8、ar suddenly flamed out. （ A） Outdoor hobbies. （ B） Indoor hobbies. （ C） Money-saving hobbies. （ D） Time-consuming hobbies. （ A） She learned it when she was a small child. （ B） She started it when she was a student. （ C） She didnt learn it until she left school. （ D） She started it after she was marr
9、ied. （ A） By attending special courses. （ B） With the help of her friends. （ C） By reading books on hobbies. （ D） Under the guidance of her mother. Section B （ A） To find the similarity of soybeans in the world. （ B） To protect soybeans against dry condition. （ C） To collect materials for their pape
10、rs. （ D） To study the impact of global warming. （ A） China is the only country to grow soybeans. （ B） China is the ancestral home of soybeans. （ C） China has a long history of growing soybeans. （ D） China has different kinds of soybeans. （ A） They produce the same yield in different locations. （ B）
11、They are suitable to grow only in the United States. （ C） They produce better quality soybeans under dry weather. （ D） They have better production under drought conditions. （ A） They like mass produced things. （ B） They design things themselves and sell them. （ C） They make clothes and tools for the
12、mselves. （ D） They use crafts to decorate their homes. （ A） In shopping centers or churches. （ B） In community or parking lots. （ C） On playgrounds or country grounds. （ D） In public parks or on county grounds. （ A） Candies and toys. （ B） Clothes and gifts. （ C） Rides and shows. （ D） Rides and foods
13、. （ A） Things in craft fairs have better quality than in stores. （ B） They want to buy things that are different and original. （ C） It is more convenient to buy things in craft fairs. （ D） They can buy everything they want in craft fairs. （ A） It is the largest supplier of valuable minerals. （ B） It
14、 will disappear in about thirty years. （ C） It is beginning to grow smaller and smaller. （ D） It offers many resources to help mankind survive. （ A） Iron and copper. （ B） Gold and copper. （ C） Nickel and bronze. （ D） Iron and bronze. （ A） The sea level will be 20 centimeters higher than it is now. （
15、 B） The sea will be empty if we continue fishing at this pace. （ C） The problems to explore the sea will have been largely solved. （ D） People will depend largely on sea foods and minerals. Section C 26 During the nineteenth century, when little was known about environmentalism and conservation, it
16、was common to hear people in Europe and America say that the resources of the sea【 B1】 _ . They believed the world and nature would continuously reproduce all the resources they would need. For example, a【 B2】 _ biologist writing in the mid-nineteenth century commented that none of the great sea fis
17、heries were to be【 B3】 _. Today, though, there is evidence that the resources of the sea are seriously endangered. 【 B4】 _, environmentalists have focused their attention on the land and air. Recently, however, they are beginning to discover that the resources of the sea are in as much danger. The l
18、ist of endangered 【 B5】 _ now included herring and crabs as well as the African elephant, Indian tiger, and the American eagle. Furthermore, the threats to fish are more【 B6】 _in some ways than the threats to animals and birds. This is because fish are a much more needed food source, and people【 B7】
19、 _ depend on fish as an important part of their diet. Hence, a decline in the fish supply could have【 B8】 _ effects on hunger and population. Fishermen in the North Atlantic alone annually harvest 20 billion pounds of fish to 【 B9】 _ food demand, but the world needs to recognize that these practices
20、 cannot continue without depleting fish reserves within the next few years. Rapidly declining sea resources in many parts of the world are problems that cannot be ignored any longer. Unlike the【 B10】 _in the nineteenth century, we now know that food supplies in the sea cannot last forever. 27 【 B1】
21、28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Skip that third helping of roast beef, save the planet and do your heart a favor at the same time. Thats the advice of Alan Dangour of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and colleagues who【
22、 C1】 _the livestock industrys potential to help the UK reduce its carbon emissions to half of 1990 levels by 2030, and the knock-on effect on the nations health. They found that the industry could reduce its emissions, but only if the livestock the UK produces, and the meat the nation【 C2】 _, drops
23、by 30 per cent Farms must also optimise(最 优化 )their energy【 C3】 _by. for example, capturing carbon in animal waste. The health pay-off would be【 C4】 _: 18,000 fewer people would die prematurely in the UK each year from heart attacks a(n) 【 C5】 _of 17 per cent as they would eat less of the fats found
24、 in meat. The effect would not be limited to rich nations. The team found that Brazil could【 C6】 _the same health benefits. “Were not saying go vegetarian, were saying reduce how much livestock produce you consume,“ says Dangour. The savings could be【 C7】 _higher if reduced death rates from cancer a
25、nd obesity had been included, he adds. Agronomist(农艺学家 )Kenneth Cassman of the University of Nebraska warns that cutting production in one region can【 C8】 _it elsewhere, causing a rise in global emissions. “Reducing production of livestock products in a developed country like the UK does little to i
26、nfluence global【 C9】 _in production and consumption where most of the increase in demand between now and 2050 will come from【 C10】_countries,“ he says. A)developing B)even C)trends D)explored E)developed F)just G)considerable H)consumes I)boast J)achieve K)considerate L)offers M)reduction N)boost O)
27、efficiency 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 It Aint Easy Being Green Green stories of hotels A)Over the summer, I stayed at four hotels in the United States. They were all owned by different companies, but they had one thing in c
28、ommon: A little card on the bathroom counter telling me that the establishment was very concerned about the environment, and appealing to me to do my part to help them save the earth by hanging up my wet towels and using them again the next day. Two of the hotels also placed a card next to the bed i
29、nforming me that housekeeping would not change the sheets unless I left the card on the pillow. B)It is true that keeping all those towels clean requires an enormous amount of electricity and water and soap, and that cutting down on the number of loads of laundry would be more eco-friendly than my i
30、nsisting on a new towel each day. But am I a heartless cynic for doubting that a collective environmental anxiety has seized the hotel industry? C)Here is an alternative explanation: All that water, soap, and electricity costs a lot of money and eats into the hotels profits. A little card on the cou
31、nter telling customers that they wont get new towels because the hotel doesnt want to pay for laundry wouldnt go over very well. But by couching it as a green campaign, the hotels actually get credit for providing less service to their customers, while pocketing the difference. D)Industry groups tha
32、t advise hotels on becoming more environmentally friendly tend to stress the money theyll save just as much as the benefits to the planet. “Why should hotels be green?“ asks the Green Hotels Associations Web site. “Havent you heard? Being green goes directly to your bottom line.“ The site explains t
33、hat by getting guests to recycle towels and sheets, hotels can save 5 percent on utility bills. “Some days, housekeeping workers, who usually clean 15 rooms a day, dont change a single bed,“ said one satisfied hotel owner, who estimates that “70 percent of people staying more than one night particip
34、ate in the program.“ Another member reports that far fewer guests ask for new towels. E)So lets review: We give up a nice luxury to save the hotel money; the hotel congratulates itself on being green for peer pressuring us into giving up the luxury under the excuse of environmental consciousness; th
35、e hotel keeps the money. Nice work. After all, even if profit is the motive, the net result is a reduction in the hotels “carbon footprint“. But heres what gets me: the hotels I stayed in this summer didnt seem all that interested in being green when it came to other things. The lobby of the big res
36、ort was air conditioned to meat locker temperatures. All day long, that frosty air rushed out the vast double doors, which were left open in the July heat. The resort also had a fleet of big, gas guzzling(耗油 )vans idling at the curb to transport guests around the grounds. Green stories of companies
37、F)Hotels are not the only offenders in this kind of green fakery. Some companies have embraced conservation for real. They build headquarters with solar panels and rainwater collection systems; they think of the environmental impact of every aspect of their businesses and actually change the way the
38、y do things to reduce waste. But this is labor intensive, often expensive, and takes commitment. Faced with that, many corporations take a different approach: They dont do much of anything to change the way they do business, but make a big show of their contribution to Mother Earth. G)Its usually ea
39、sy to spot these companies: They make their customers do the work, and then take the credit. In the name of saving the planet, my cable TV operator keeps asking for permission to stop sending paper statements in the mail each month. Instead, Im supposed to check my statement online. The real reason,
40、 of course, is that doing so would save them paper, printing and postage. This is a perfectly reasonable reason for them to want me to switch. But when they pretend that its all about the environment, it just makes me hate my cable company even more than I already do. Green stories of ad campaigns H
41、)Sometimes a good ad campaign does a better job of enhancing a companys green reputation than going through the expense and difficulty of adopting actual environmentally sound practices. Billboards in Washington appeal to me to join the cause. “I will unplug stuff more,“ reads one. Another says, “I
42、will at least consider buying a hybrid(合成物 ).“ These ads are the work of Chevron, the giant oil company, whose “Will You Join Us?“ ads try to convince people that saving the planet is at the top of their list. You might think that if Chevron was really worried about problems like global warming, the
43、y would spend some of those dollars lobbying Congress to adopt stricter gas mileage(英里数 )requirements for automobiles. They do not do this. Instead, Im apparently supposed to praise them as environmental heroes because they tell me to unplug my toaster and think about getting a Toyota Prius. I)Yet a
44、d campaigns like these work. Chevron lands at No. 371 out of 500 companies on Newsweeks green rankings. But it claims the No. 62 spot when it comes to green reputation thanks in part to those pretty, polished ads. Green marketing has also helped Wal-Mart appear kinder and gentler in recent years. To
45、 be fair, the retailing giant has done more than redesign its logo. The company, which ranks 59th on Newsweeks list, has embraced a series of in-house green initiatives and is demanding its suppliers do the same. The result: Wal-Mart scores first place in our reputation survey. J)Given the power of
46、positive marketing, its easy to see why those little towel cards are so popular enough so that there are now a lot of companies that market them to hotels, along with all manner of products intended to make customers feel good about themselves while helping the hotels feel good about their bank bala
47、nces. I suppose it is time that I step up and do my part. On behalf of the planet I will dutifully sleep on day-old sheets. But please, for the love of all that is good and right, keep the towels coming. 47 Industry groups tend to emphasize the money hotels can save along with the benefits to the en
48、vironment when they persuade hotels into being eco-friendly. 48 Some companies take the real actions to embrace conservation, while others are just green fakeries. 49 Cutting down the number of loads of laundry can save a large amount of electricity and water for the hotels. 50 One way to spot the g
49、reen fakery is to see whether the company makes its customers do the work, and then takes the credit itself. 51 Ad campaigns help companies like Chevron raise their ranks of green reputation. 52 In America, it is common for hotels to appeal to customers to recycle towels. 53 It is estimated that seventy percent of the hotel guests are willing to participate in the green program launched by the hotels. 54 As for enhancing a companys green rep
