1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 146及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Prevent the Spread of Epidemics? You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. How to Prevent the Spread of Epidemics? Section A （ A） The woman
2、 still thinks that she speaks pretty good English. （ B） The woman speaks poor English so people cannot understand her. （ C） The woman has to improve her spoken English. （ D） The woman does not speak English loudly enough. （ A） To pay for transportation. （ B） To make a phone call. （ C） To do shopping
3、. （ D） To give them to the woman. （ A） Wait for Mr. Whites call. （ B） Make another call later. （ C） Pay the manager a visit. （ D） Speak in a louder voice. （ A） She has been longing to attend Harvard University. （ B） Shell consider the mans suggestion carefully. （ C） She has finished her project with
4、 Dr. Garcias help. （ D） Shell consult Dr. Garcia about entering graduate school. （ A） listening to the radio. （ B） Reading a newspaper. （ C） Watching television. （ D） Watching a sports game. （ A） They are very rewarding. （ B） They are too time-consuming. （ C） They are not helpful at all. （ D） They a
5、re too troublesome. （ A） She thinks curly hair is very fashionable. （ B） She is going to attend a special meeting. （ C） She is going to attend a party tonight. （ D） She is accustomed to trying different styles. （ A） He is ashamed of Professor Wang. （ B） He will congratulate Professor Wang. （ C） He w
6、ill help Professor Wang paint his car. （ D） He will tell Professor Wang the bad news. （ A） An apartment in the first floor. （ B） The nicest apartment downtown. （ C） A three-bedroom apartment. （ D） A two-bedroom apartment. （ A） He is the manager of the apartment. （ B） He is the womans husband. （ C） H
7、e is the owner of the apartment. （ D） He is the womans agent. （ A） The water fee is rather high. （ B） The electric is free of charge. （ C） The stove must be renewed. （ D） Gas is included in the rent. （ A） She thinks the apartment is too small. （ B） It is the first apartment she has seen. （ C） She wa
8、nts her husband to see it too. （ D） The rent is too high for her to afford. （ A） He is curious. （ B） He is warm-hearted. （ C） He is impatient. （ D） He is absent-minded. （ A） It is the energy needed to boil the water. （ B） It is the energy needed to cool down something. （ C） It is the energy required
9、 to raise the temperature of something. （ D） It is the energy controlled by the temperature and the weather. （ A） Waters specific heat is higher than that of the sand. （ B） Waters specific heat is lower than that of the sand. （ C） Waters temperature changes faster than the sand. （ D） Water absorbs l
10、ess energy than the sand to get hot. Section B （ A） Markets where birds like parrots are sold. （ B） Zoos where there are no experts to manage the birds. （ C） Owners who cannot handle their pets. （ D） Forests where birds get wounded. （ A） He likes changes in life. （ B） He wants the birds to enjoy mor
11、e music. （ C） He tries to prevent the parrots imitating the tone. （ D） He is not sure which tone is the best. （ A） Restricting the number of visitors. （ B） Raising money for his expanding operation. （ C） Accumulating wealth for himself. （ D） Raising money to support his study. （ A） The Washington Fe
12、deration of Teachers. （ B） The National Labor Union. （ C） The American Federation of Teachers. （ D） The Washington Labor Union. （ A） The influence from Asian countries. （ B） The growing competition from foreign students. （ C） The growing competition for entrance into top universities. （ D） The teach
13、ers need of extra income from the tutoring. （ A） The Federal government. （ B） Students parents. （ C） The school administrators. （ D） The Teachers Association. （ A） The changing of weather. （ B） The health of teenagers. （ C） Energy drinks and their nutrition. （ D） The danger of energy drinks. （ A） Pr
14、otein. （ B） Calcium. （ C） Zinc. （ D） Vitamin. （ A） Students and housewives. （ B） Athletes and trainers. （ C） Young people and busy people. （ D） Singers and teachers. （ A） Cautious. （ B） Supportive. （ C） Opposed. （ D） Relieved. Section C 26 Todays lecture is on the subject of Pronunciation Achievemen
15、t Factors. As an introduction we should ask ourselves three questions. Why should it be difficult for adults to learn【 B1】 _pronunciation in a foreign language? Secondly, why do some people achieve better results than others? And thirdly, what factors【 B2】 _ who will achieve good pronunciation? Ther
16、e have been several research studies【 B3】 _ factors that affect performance. Firstly, and perhaps the most significant, was the mother tongue. The closer the students own language is to English to【 B4】 _, the greater the chance of high achievement. Secondly, the learners【 B5】 _towards pronunciation
17、makes a difference: Students who believe in the importance of pronunciation tend to make more progress. Thirdly, conversation with native speakers of the language has strong【 B6】 _effects on pronunciation. Fourthly, and possibly the least important, was the students own natural ability. A good ear a
18、nd the ability to【 B7】 _help, but are far less significant than the other three factors. Two other factors were tested but found to be of little overall importance: the sex of the student and the【 B8】 _ whether the learner is outgoing or shy. What conclusions can【 B9】 _these studies? We cant change
19、the first factor the mother tongue but we can control the second and third. Therefore, we have【 B10】_influence over our own progress with pronunciation. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Official health advice that said household
20、chores help keep you active has been proved wrong by the research, which shows that the people who do the most housework are also the most overweight. A study of the physical activity habits of 4,563 adults, carried out by Professor Marie Murphy at the University of Ulster found that women and older
21、 people were particularly likely to list “【 C1】 _physical activity as a significant proportion of their moderate to【 C2】 _physical activity“. Murphy said: “We found housework was reversely【 C3】 _to leanness, which suggests that either people are overestimating the amount of moderate-intensity physic
22、al activity they do through housework or are eating too much to【 C4】 _for the amount of activity undertaken.“ Kevin Fenton, director of health and wellbeing at Public Health England, suggested the study could【 C5】 _evidence that some people thought they were healthier than they actually were. “At an
23、 individual level there may be a【 C6】 _to overestimate the level of good behaviour were doing and this is reflected when people use food diaries, pedometers(计步器 )or apps to measure more【 C7】 _what they have achieved.“ he said. But he defended everyday tasks as genuinely useful. He added: “From an in
24、dividual【 C8】 _, physical activities such as housework, doing the shopping and walking to collect children from school, can have【 C9】 _impacts on physical and mental wellbeing. People who are even more active will often see greater benefits and it is important to recognise that healthy weight is jus
25、t one of the potential【 C10】 _of physical activity.“ A)gentle B)perspective C)positive D)causes E)objectively F)compensate G)practically H)account I)adjusted J)related K)reinforce L)tendency M)outcomes N)vigorous O)domestic 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【
26、 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 The End of AIDS? A)On June 5th 1981 Americas Centres for Disease Control and Prevention reported the outbreak of an unusual form of pneumonia(肺炎 )in Los Angeles. When, a few weeks later, its scientists noticed a similar cluster of a rare cancer called Kaposis sarcoma(肉瘤 )
27、in San Francisco, they suspected that something strange and serious was coming. That something was AIDS. B)Since then, 25m people have died from AIDS and another 34m are infected. The 30th anniversary of the diseases discovery has been taken by many as an occasion for hand-wringing. Yet the war on A
28、IDS is going far better than anyone dared hope. A decade ago, half of the people in several southern African countries were expected to die of AIDS. Now, the death rate is dropping. In 2005 the disease killed 2.1m people. In 2009, the most recent year for which data are available, the number was 1.8
29、m. Some 5m lives have already been saved by drug treatment. In 33 of the worst-affected countries the rate of new infections is down by 25% or more from its peak. C)Even more hopeful is a recent study which suggests that the drugs used to treat AIDS may also stop its transmission. If that proves tru
30、e, the drugs could achieve much of what a vaccine(疫苗 )would. The question for the world will no longer be whether it can wipe out the plague, but whether it is prepared to pay the price. The appliance of science D)If AIDS is defeated, it will be thanks to an alliance of science, activism and unselfi
31、shness. The science has come from the worlds drug companies, which leapt on the problem. In 1996 a batch of similar drugs, all of them inhibiting the activity of one of the AIDS viruss crucial enzymes(霉素 ), appeared almost simultaneously. The effect was miraculous, if you(or your government)could af
32、ford the $15,000 a year that those drugs cost when they first came on the market. E)Much of the activism came from rich-world gays. Having persuaded drug companies into creating the new medicines, the activists bullied them into dropping the price. That would have happened anyway, but activism made
33、it happen faster. The unselfishness was aroused as it became clear by the mid-1990s that AIDS was not just a rich-world disease. Three-quarters of those affected were and still are in Africa. Unlike most infections, which strike children and the elderly, AIDS hits the most productive members of soci
34、ety: businessmen, civil servants, engineers, teachers, doctors, nurses. Thanks to an enormous effort by Western philanthropists(慈善家 )and some politicians(this is one area where even the left should give credit to George Bush junior), a series of programmes has brought drugs to those infected. F)The
35、result is unsatisfactory. Not enough people some 6.6m of the 16m who would most quickly benefit are getting the drugs. And the pills are not a cure. Stop taking them, and the virus bounces back. But it is a huge step forward from ten years ago. G)What can science offer now? A few peoples immune syst
36、ems control the disease naturally, which suggests a vaccine might be possible, and antibodies have been discovered that neutralise the virus and might thus form the basis of AIDS-clearing drugs. But a cure still seems a long way off. Prevention is, for the moment, the better bet. A question of money
37、 H)In the early days scientists were often attacked by activists for being more concerned with trying to prevent the epidemic spreading than treating the affected. Now it seems that treatment and prevention will come in the same pill. If you can stop the virus reproducing in someones body, you not o
38、nly save his life, you also reduce the number of viruses for him to pass on. Get enough people on drugs and it would be like vaccinating them: the chain of transmission would be broken. I)That is a huge task. It is not just a matter of bringing in those who should already be on the drugs(the 16m who
39、 show symptoms or whose immune systems are critically weak). To prevent transmission, treatment would in theory need to be expanded to all the 34m people infected with the disease. That would mean more effective screening, which is planned already, and also a willingness by those without the symptom
40、s to be treated. That willingness might be there, though, if it would protect peoples uninfected lovers. J)Such a programme would take years and also cost a lot of money. About $16 billion a year is spent on AIDS in poor and middle-income countries. Half is generated locally and half is foreign aid.
41、 A report in this weeks Lancet suggests a carefully crafted mixture of approaches that does not involve treating all those without symptoms would bring great benefit for not much more than this a peak of $22 billion in 2015, and a fall thereafter. Moreover, most of the extra spending would be offset
42、 by savings on the treatment of those who would have been infected, but were not some 12m people, if the scientists have done their sums right. At $500 per person per year, the benefits would far outweigh the costs in purely economic terms; though donors will need to compare the gain from spending m
43、ore on knocking out AIDS against other worthy causes, such as eliminating malaria(疟疾 ). K)For the moment, the struggle is to stop some rich countries giving less. The Netherlands and Spain are cutting their contributions to the Global Fund, one of the two main distributors of the life-saving drugs,
44、and Italy has stopped paying altogether. On June 8th the United Nations meets to discuss what to do next. Those who see the UN as a mere talking-shop should remember that its first meeting on AIDS launched the Global Fund. It is still a long haul. But AIDS can be beaten. A plague that 30 years ago w
45、as blamed on mans wickedness has ended up showing him in a better, more inventive and generous light. 47 If the anti-AIDS drugs can stop AIDS from transmitting, the wipe-out of the plague will be out of question. 48 Activists forced the drug institutions not only to create new drugs but also to lowe
46、r the drug price. 49 People used to blame scientists for paying more attention to preventing the spread of AIDs than treating patients infected with it. 50 AIDS was first discovered by American scientists about some thirty years ago. 51 Even though drugs with amazing effect appeared in 1990s, they w
47、ere too expensive for most patients to afford. 52 About 50% of the money spent on AIDS, in the poor and middle-income countries, comes from foreign assistance. 53 Some rich countries in Europe are decreasing their anti-AIDS investment to Global Fund. 54 More effective screening and willingness are r
48、equired to prevent AIDS from transmitting. 55 Unlike most infectious diseases that hit the weak members, AIDS strikes the most capable members of society. 56 Scientists have discovered some antibodies which might help to produce drugs that can clear AIDS. Section C 56 Girls think they are cleverer,
49、more successful and harder working than boys from as young as four, a study has found. Boys come round to this view by the age of seven or eight and assume that girls will outperform them at school and behave better in lessons, research from the University of Kent shows. The study Gender Expectations and Stereotype Threat argues that teachers have lower expectations of boys than of girls and this belief fulfils itself throughout primary and secondary sch
