1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 175及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose your university is collecting opinions to improve the whole campus, what sugg
2、estions will you make and why? Section A （ A） A dog that runs on three legs. （ B） New robot dogs developed by scientists. （ C） New robots that can help people in natural disasters. （ D） New robots that can continue working when injured. （ A） They can do everything that people cant do. （ B） They will
3、 be improved in two years. （ C） They can work in dangerous situations. （ D） They can mend themselves when injured. （ A） It can help people cure diseases. （ B） It can make people feel happy. （ C） It can help people lose weight. （ D） It can help to protect heart disease. （ A） One year. （ B） Three year
4、s. （ C） Four years. （ D） Thirty years. （ A） Six million. （ B） Ten million. （ C） Six billion. （ D） Ten billion. （ A） They are accustomed to smoking. （ B） They have too much stress. （ C） They are teenagers. （ D） They find it cool to smoke. （ A） On the improvement of education. （ B） On the improvement
5、of infrastructure. （ C） On the treatment of tobacco-related diseases. （ D） On some illegal trade. Section B （ A） She hasnt seen snow. （ B） She doesnt like to ski. （ C） She is afraid of skiing. （ D） She lives very far away from the skifield. （ A） Act like a cat. （ B） Go up step by step. （ C） Stand in
6、 the middle. （ D） Go up as quickly as possible. （ A） Cross the tips. （ B） Stop leaning forward. （ C） Point the tips together. （ D） Move to a gentle place. （ A） Pleased but afraid. （ B） Happy but nervous. （ C） Pleased and proud. （ D） Exciting and satisfied. （ A） She is honest and hardworking. （ B） Sh
7、e is very competent for the job. （ C） She likes her job very much. （ D） She is hardworking but not competent. （ A） Designing a terrific web. （ B） Designing a basic web. （ C） Building a terrific BBS. （ D） Designing a terrific program. （ A） She learned the skills at a famous university. （ B） She didnt
8、 do well at school. （ C） She learned the skills by herself. （ D） She received some professional training. （ A） Let her leave immediately. （ B） Get an experienced man to help her. （ C） Fire her in a week. （ D） Let her get some professional training. Section C （ A） Take a nap for 15 to 30 minutes. （ B
9、） Use a combination of nap and caffeine. （ C） Have a cup of coffee three times a day. （ D） Do exercise when feeling tired. （ A） About 13% . （ B） About 15% . （ C） About 30% . （ D） About 50% . （ A） Professional athletes. （ B） Amateur athletes. （ C） People who often travel. （ D） People who often lack s
10、leep. （ A） To reduce the costs of waste. （ B） To keep the airport clean and tidy. （ C） To shorten the time of dealing with trash. （ D） To remind the passenger to produce less trash. （ A） They want to reduce costs. （ B） Students there never waste food. （ C） They want to reduce food waste. （ D） The un
11、iversity wants to buy software instead. （ A） To lower the costs of hauling food waste. （ B） To save more food for the world. （ C） To keep the dining room clean. （ D） To reduce the efforts of cooking. （ A） It can store measures of how to save food. （ B） It can calculate the total amount of food offer
12、ed. （ C） It can help people realize the value of wasted food. （ D） It can connect the food needed with the number of customers. （ A） Some people are treated unfairly. （ B） Some people buy things they do not want. （ C） There are many superiors around us. （ D） Some people do not think highly enough of
13、 themselves. （ A） To talk with Dr. Alberti. （ B） To go to see a superior. （ C） To take AT courses. （ D） To speak out for themselves. （ A） Attending Dr. Albertis lecture. （ B） Sharing ones feeling with others. （ C） Talking with a superior. （ D） Chatting with other people. Section A 26 They drive hybr
14、id cars, if they drive at all, shop at local stores, if they shop at all and pay off their credit cards every month, if they use them at all. They may have【 C1】 _income, but they live below their means, in a conscious effort to tread【 C2】 _on the earth. They are a new breed of “generation“ , Young a
15、nd Wealthy but Normal, or Yawns. The acronym(首字母缩略词 )comes from The Sunday Telegraph of London, which noted that an increasing number of rich young Britons are【 C3】 _aware, concerned about the environment and given less to【 C4】 _than to giving money to charity. Yawns sound dull, but they are the new
16、 movers and shakers, their【 C5】 _big and bold. They are men and women in their 20 s, 30s and 40 s who want nothing less than to【 C6】 _the world and save the planet. Take Sean Blagsvedt, who【 C7】 _from Seattle to India in 2004 to help build the local office of Microsoft Research. Moved by young child
17、ren begging on the streets, Blagsvedt quit Microsoft and【 C8】 _two networking sites, babajob. com and babalife. com, to link Indias vast pool of【 C9】 _workers with the people who need labor. The larger goal to reduce【 C10】 _. The high-tech world has produced some Yawns, but more and more are appeari
18、ng in every walk of life. In fact, Yawns are a subset of a growing global movement of the eco-socially aware. A)change I)lightly B)consciously J)moved C)consuming K)overturn D)crucial L)potential E)desires M)poverty F)disposable N)socially G)dreams O)tracked H)launched 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30
19、【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once the privilege of a few has become a middle-class entitlement, thanks mainly to government support.
20、 Some 3. 5 million Americans and 5 million Europeans will graduate this summer. In the modern world universities are developing rapidly: China has added nearly 30 million places in 20 years. Yet the business has changed little since Aristotle taught at the Athenian Lyceum(雅典学院 ): young students stil
21、l gather at a specific time and place to listen to the wisdom of scholars. B)At present, a revolution has begun, thanks to three forces: rising costs, changing demand and new technology. The result will be the complete change of the university. While the prices of cars, computers and much else have
22、greatly fallen, universities have been able to charge ever more for the same service because they are protected by public funding and the high value employers place on degrees. For two decades the cost of going to college in America has risen by 1.6 percentage points more than inflation every year.
23、C)For most students, the university remains a great deal. The total lifetime income from obtaining a college degree, in net-present-value(净现值 )terms, can increase as much as $590,000. But an increasing number of students have gone deep into debt, especially the 47% in America and 28% in Britain who
24、do not complete their course. As for them, the degree by no means values for that sum of money. And the government becomes more and more unwilling to fund the university. In America government funding per student fell by 27% between 2007 and 2012, while average tuition fees, adjusted for inflation,
25、rose by 20% . In Britain, tuition fees close to zero two decades ago can reach $15,000 a year. D)The second factor resulting in change is the labor market. In the standard model of higher education, people go to university in their 20s. A degree is an entry ticket to the professional classes. But au
26、tomation is beginning to have the same effect on white-collar jobs as it has on blue-collar ones. According to a study from Oxford University, 47% of occupations are at risk of being automated in the next few decades. As innovation wipes out some jobs and changes others, people will need to top up t
27、heir human capital all through their lives. E)By themselves, these two forces would be pushing change. A third technologyensures it. The internet, which has turned businesses from newspapers through music to book sale upside down, will turn over higher education. Now the MOOC, or “ Massive Open Onli
28、ne Course“ , is offering students the chance to listen to star lecturers and get a degree for a fraction of the cost of attending a university. MOOCs started in 2008: however, they have so far failed to live up to their promise. Largely because there is no formal system of accreditation(认证 ), drop-o
29、ut rates have been high. But this is changing as private investors and existing universities are drawn in. One provider, Coursera, claims over 8 million registered users. Though its courses are free, it received its first $ 1 million in incomes last year after introducing the option to pay a fee of
30、between $ 30 and $ 100 to have course results certified. Another, Udacity, has teamed up with AT&T and Georgia Tech to offer an online masters degree in computing, at less than a third of the cost of the traditional version. Harvard Business School will soon offer an online “pre-MBA“ for $ 1,500. St
31、arbucks has offered to help pay for its staff to take online degrees with Arizona State University. F)MOOCs will destroy different universities in different ways. Not all will suffer. Oxford and Harvard could benefit. People of great ambition will always want to go to the best universities to meet e
32、ach other, and the digital economy tends to favor a few large institutions in charge of its operation. The big names will be able to sell their MOOCs around the world. But ordinary universities may suffer the fate of many newspapers. Were the market for higher education to perform in future as that
33、for newspapers has done over the past decade or two, universities incomes would fall by more than half, employment in the industry would drop by nearly 30% and more than 700 institutions would shut their doors. The rest would need to adjust themselves to survive. G)Like all revolutions, the one taki
34、ng place in higher education will have victims. Many towns and cities rely on universities. In some ways MOOCs will further make the difference both among students and among teachers. The talented students will be much more comfortable than the weaker outside the structured university environment. S
35、uperstar lecturers will earn a fortune, to the anger of their less charming colleagues. H)Politicians will come under pressure to halt this revolution. They should remember that state spending should benefit society as a whole, not protect professors from competition. The change of universities will
36、 benefit many more people than it hurts. Students in the rich world will have access to higher education at lower cost and greater convenience. The flexible nature of MOOCs appeals to older people who need training. EdX, another provider, says that the average age of its online students in America i
37、s 31. In the modern world online courses also offer a way for countries like Brazil to go ahead Western ones and supply higher education much more cheaply. And education has now become a global market: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered Battushig Myanganbayar, a remarkably talented
38、 Mongolian teenager, through an online electronics course. I)Rather than maintaining the old model, governments should make the new one work better. They can do so by supporting common standards for accreditation. In Brazil, for instance, students completing courses take a government-run exam. In mo
39、st Western countries it would likewise make sense to have a single, independent organization that certifies exams. Changing an ancient institution will not be easy. But it does promise better education for many more people. Rarely have need and opportunity so neatly come together. 37 The introductio
40、n of automation affects the labor demand and then brings about the revolution of higher education. 38 The weaker students and the less attractive teachers will suffer from the innovation of higher education. 39 MOOCs are improving in that private investors and existing universities are engaged in th
41、em. 40 As for those students who do not complete their course, the university degree is definitely not worth $590,000. 41 Despite a rapid increase in the number of university graduates, higher education has had little difference since its beginning. 42 Governments are supposed to support common stan
42、dards to certify online courses of higher education. 43 In order to avoid the failure, ordinary universities need to adapt themselves to the digital economy. 44 Thanks to online courses, students may approach higher education much more cheaply and conveniently. 45 Due to the protection of public fun
43、ding and the employers emphasis on degrees, university students in America pay for a rising expense. 46 Mostly because of the lack of formal recognition, the rates of quitting on MOOCs have been high. Section C 46 Millions of teenagers are in danger of putting their health at risk by getting hooked
44、on e-cigarettes, experts warn. Leading health researchers say they are “very concerned“ by the growing number of youngsters trying the devices as a major new study reveals one in five teenagers has accessed them. E-cigarettes have been marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking conventional ciga
45、rettes. But previous research shows e-cigarettes generate poisonous chemicals similar to those found in tobacco and may harm the lungs and immune system. Worryingly, researchers at Liverpool John Moores University discovered 16% of teenagers who have used e-cigarettes had never previously smoked. Th
46、e experts also found e-cigarettes were “ strongly related“ to drinking among teenagers. Study author Prof. Mark Bellis warned that such “ rapid penetration into teenage culture of what is essentially a new drug-use option is without precedent(先例 ). “ He added: “ Our research suggests that we should
47、be very concerned about teenagers accessing e-cigarettes. While debate on e-cigarettes has focused largely on whether or not they act as a gateway to tobacco cigarette use, e-cigarettes themselves contain a highly addictive(上瘾的 )drug that may have more serious and longer lasting impacts on children
48、because their brains are still developing. “ Researchers surveyed 16,000 students aged 14 to 17 in the North West of England and asked them about their alcohol and tobacco use. They found that one in five answered yes to the question: “Have you ever bought or tried electronic cigarettes?“ More males
49、 than females said they had, and the figure increased with age and if they lived in a deprived poor area. Of the teenagers that had accessed e-cigarettes, 16% had never smoked, 23% had tried smoking but did not like it, 36% were regular smokers, 12% only smoked when drinking, and 14% were ex-smokers. The research, published in journal BMC Public Health, also found teenagers who drank alcohol were significantly more likely to have accessed e-cigarettes than non-drinkers. Among those who had never smoked, it was found
