1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 215及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on one of the most popular sentences online, “REMEMBER. always act like youre wearing an invisible crown. “ You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should wri
2、te at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） The highest price of gold on Asian markets. （ B） The highest price of gold on African markets. （ C） The lowest price of gold on Asian markets. （ D） The lowest price of gold on African markets. （ A） When the price fell to its lowest lev
3、el. （ B） When gold prices reached investors set targets. （ C） When lots of physical gold was consumed. （ D） When they are in the futures market. （ A） Birds and bats may fly into the turning blades. （ B） Birds and bats cant stand high wind speed. （ C） Wind turbines can produce electricity. （ D） Wind
4、turbines can release poisonous gas. （ A） It is made mostly of iron. （ B） It is made mostly of steel. （ C） It is made mostly of plastic. （ D） It is made mostly of paperboard. （ A） The hot conditions. （ B） The cold conditions. （ C） The wet conditions. （ D） The dry conditions. （ A） Pollution will be mo
5、re serious in popular beaches. （ B） Water quality may reach the lowest level. （ C） People may become infected with diseases. （ D） A warning system will be extremely urgent. （ A） Less than 18 hours. （ B） 18 to 24 hours. （ C） More than 24 hours. （ D） More than 48 hours. Section B （ A） He has got the f
6、irst place in the test. （ B） He has got high scores in the test. （ C） He has been praised by his professor. （ D） He has passed all of the tests. （ A） A few weeks before the exam. （ B） A few months before the exam. （ C） A few days before the exam. （ D） A few hours before the exam. （ A） Ask his classm
7、ates. （ B） Look up some information. （ C） Go online to check them. （ D） Discuss them with his teachers. （ A） Classmates. （ B） Mother and son. （ C） Teacher and student. （ D） Headmaster and student. （ A） He has to meet an important client. （ B） He has to attend a meeting. （ C） He has to attend a busin
8、ess discussion. （ D） He has to sign an important contract. （ A） Help him buy some medicine. （ B） Change the time of the meeting. （ C） Send some documents to him. （ D） Book a 12 oclock flight. （ A） He has got a fever. （ B） He is allergic to drugs. （ C） He is allergic to cats. （ D） He has got the flu.
9、 （ A） Make an appointment with the doctor. （ B） Go to see the doctor directly. （ C） Find the root cause of the mans allergy. （ D） Go to have a meeting in the mans company. Section C （ A） They think it looks like flowers. （ B） They think it is full of passion. （ C） They use it to show respect to Chri
10、st. （ D） They think it is beautiful. （ A） France. （ B） The Caribbean. （ C） England. （ D） Canada. （ A） It is about the size of an egg. （ B） It is with a brown skin. （ C） It is full of yellow seeds. （ D） It is about the size of an orange. （ A） A book. （ B） A clock. （ C） A shirt. （ D） A suitcase. （ A）
11、Fastening her seat belts. （ B） Listening to the music. （ C） Enjoying the beauty of the evening sky. （ D） Sitting in a smoke-filled room. （ A） She lost her ticket. （ B） She was thought bringing a time bomb. （ C） She made some mistakes. （ D） Her passport had some problems. （ A） They have unwritten reg
12、ulations. （ B） They never punish the violators. （ C） They have the promising prospects. （ D） They have strict rules. （ A） He will be perceived as a successful person. （ B） He will be less likely to get promotion. （ C） He will be more successful. （ D） He will be pushed aside by his colleagues. （ A） T
13、ry to modify it. （ B） Criticize it directly. （ C） Dont judge it. （ D） Shoot it down. （ A） He who creates the idea deserves the credit himself. （ B） It doesnt matter if a business owner borrows his employees idea. （ C） You can borrow other peoples idea if you work as a team. （ D） The victims will for
14、get soon if you borrow his idea. Section A 26 Researchers have identified 1.4 million animal species so far and millions remain to be discovered, named, and scientifically described. So how much would it actually cost to【 C1】 _every animal on Earth? A pair of Brazilian scientists has crunched(详细计算 )
15、the numbers and【 C2】 _up with an answer: $ 263 billion. Thats way more than the $ 5 billion that famed Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson estimated back in 2000 and that was for every species on Earth, not just animals. But even $ 263 billion would be a【 C3】 _price to pay to understand th
16、e creatures that【 C4】 _such essentials as agriculture, fisheries, new drugs, and energy sources, says ornithologist(鸟类专家 )Joel Cracraft of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. “Literally, the world economy runs on biodiversity,“ he says. “People dont understand really, deeply how
17、 much we depend on biodiversity.“ Most biologists agree that with extinction rates【 C5】 _and climate change looming, the【 C6】 _to document the planets biodiversity or biota(生物区 ) is urgent,【 C7】 _considering the essential role these life forms play in crop pollination, clean air, and other aspects o
18、f human【 C8】 _“We are losing species by extinction faster than we are describing new species“ according to some estimates, says biologist Antonio Marques, who【 C9】 _the new paper with Fernando Carbayo, both at the University of St. Paulo in Brazil. “We have to know the biota to preserve and conserve
19、 the biota,“ he says. Besides the money, another huge【 C10】 _to a complete understanding of the animal kingdom is a global shortage of taxonomists(分类学家 ), experts say. A)attempt F)effort K)obstacle B)cheaper G)enable L)small C)classify H)especially M)soaring D)coauthored I)exactly N)well-being E)com
20、e J)identify O)yet 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Cigarette Labels, Will They Work? A)The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) which has chosen nine images to be placed prominently on cigarette packs sold in the USA after Sep. 201
21、0 hopes theyll provide enough shock value. In the most sweeping anti-tobacco effort since the Surgeon Generals warning became forced on cigarette packaging in 1965, the FDA said Tuesday it will begin requiring tobacco marketers to cover the top half of cigarette boxes and 20% of tobacco advertisemen
22、ts with nine bluntly graphic anti-smoking images. B)The goal: reduce consumption among the nations 43 million smokers and prevent millions more, especially teens, from ever starting. The FDA selected the terrible images, which include pictures of rotting teeth and gums, from 36 proposed last year. C
23、igarette marketers also will be required to place 1-800-QUIT-NOW numbers on new packaging. “These labels are frank, honest and powerful depictions of the health risks of smoking,“ said Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. “With these warnings, every person who picks up a pack of ci
24、garettes is going to know exactly what risk theyre taking.“ The images are the biggest change to cigarette warning labels since 1984, when the government began requiring cigarette packs and tobacco ads carry several health warnings. C)Cigarette consumption has dropped from about 42% of the populatio
25、n since the mid-1960s, but has remained at about 21% since 2003, or about one in five adults, despite federal and state excise tax(特许权税 )increases that have boosted prices to more than $ 5 a pack. D)The FDAs move which faces a challenge by tobacco marketers in federal appeals court next month after
26、a lower court ruling upheld the governments regulatory power over new packaging, imaging and warning labels is a major advance for the anti-tobacco movement. E)“With 10 million cigarettes being sold every minute and more than 2 000 children under the age of 18 starting to smoke each day, we dont hav
27、e a moment to lose in protecting the American public, especially children, from the harm caused by these dangerous products,“ says Marion, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics(美国儿科协会 ). “This is a huge step forward in encouraging kids not to smoke and adults to quit,“ says Paul, vice pres
28、ident of policy for the American Lung Association. About 40 countries, including Canada and Mexico, already require similar warnings, according to the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. F)Gregory, professor at Harvard Universitys School of Public Health and director of its Center for Global Tobacco Con
29、trol, says the images arent as scary and over the top as Canadas images, which he notes have not lowered that nations smoking rates. “These messages are better,“ he says. “They show respect for smokers and adverse health consequences.“ A recent international study from the Centers for Disease Contro
30、l and Prevention found that generally, such images are effective. About 25% to more than 50% of smokers say they make them more likely to quit. G)Smokers and non-smokers were split on the potential impact. “Its discrimination,“ says Davis, a 46-year-old Washington D. C. resident who says she has bee
31、n smoking for 20 years. “They already hit us with all these taxes on cigarettes,“ Davis says. “Now they are making us put up with this. I know the risks of smoking. Why dont they do something about alcohol addiction instead of always picking on us?“ “Ive seen before and its not pleasant to look at,“
32、 a young man says. “But Im used to people telling me not to smoke.“ Some health specialists say the warnings may offer only temporary warning effect and that smokers who repeatedly see such images may become insensitive to the message about the health risks of smoking. H)Anti-smoking efforts aimed a
33、t kids produce mixed results. The American Legacy Foundations 11-year “Truth Campaign“, funded by the tobacco industrys 1999 settlement with state governments, is considered among the most effective. The effort tells kids that tobacco marketers want to attract them to smoke to replace the thousands
34、of older smokers who die each year. Teens aware of the campaign were twice as likely as others to say they had no plans to start smoking, according to a 2008 study by Health Education Research. By contrast, teens who saw Philip “Think Dont Smoke“ campaign had more positive attitudes toward tobacco c
35、ompanies. “The so-called youth prevention campaigns that the tobacco industry runs are a farce(闹剧 ),“ says Sward of the American Lung Association. I)A Harvard School of Public Health survey of 1 000 US adults, being released today, finds that more than 70% of Americans favor reducing nicotine(尼古丁 )t
36、o non-addictive levels, but only half want a ban on cigarettes. J)Major cigarette makers have opposed labeling plans since the FDA was given the power to regulate tobacco products in 2009 under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Brannon Cashion, president of branding consultants
37、Addison Whitney, says tobacco marketers have done a good job dealing with growing anti-smoking efforts. What they need to do is stress innovation, such as developing low nicotine and electronic cigarettes, he says. K)On Wall Street, tobacco stocks were little changed. Philip parent Altria Group clos
38、ed at $ 27. 31, down 1 cent, while Reynolds lost 8 cents to $ 38.17. Rival Lorillard gained 79 cents to $ 111. 89. “The cigarette companies are in an environment where their product is seen as dangerous,“ Cashion says. “In order to continue to manufacture the product, they have to continue to put in
39、novations in place that can do everything possible to make as safe an environment as possible for those who smoke and the people most affected with their smoking.“ L)Convenience stores, which sell about 85% of the cigarettes sold in this country, could take a hit because of the new labels. “A future
40、 beyond cigarettes could be complicated. Youll see stores selling more items like food to make sure they arent hurt,“ Says Jeff, spokesman for the National Association of Convenience Stores. 37 The American Legacy Foundations 11-year “Truth Campaign“ is considered one of the most effective anti-smok
41、ing movements. 38 The FDA will ask tobacco marketers to cover cigarette boxes with vivid anti-smoking pictures. 39 Sward doubts the youth prevention campaigns run by the tobacco industry. 40 Kathleen Sebelius thinks that these labeling warnings will let smokers know the risk of smoking clearly. 41 T
42、he tobacco marketers have well handled the problem of increasing anti-smoking efforts. 42 The FDAs move is a big step for the anti-tobacco movement. 43 According to Cashion, cigarette companies which wanted to continue to produce cigarettes should concentrate on innovations. 44 Gregory believes that
43、 the messages required by the FDA show esteem for smokers and bad health consequences. 45 Convenience stores would receive a blow due to the new labels. 46 Some health specialists think the warnings may only affect smokers temporarily. Section C 46 Everyone worries about catching a cold at the offic
44、e, but if youve got a mean co-worker you might also be in danger of catching their rudeness, according to new research from the Journal of Applied Psychology. To reach their findings, researchers from the University of Florida tracked 90 graduate business school students practicing negotiation techn
45、iques with classmates, with each person practicing with multiple partners over 7 weeks. In the end, they found that those who rated their partner as rude were far more likely to be judged as rude themselves by a subsequent partner. They also found that people didnt seem to have any control over the
46、spread. “What we found in this study is that the contagious(会蔓延的 )effect is based on an automatic cognitive mechanism automatic means it happens somewhere in the subconscious part of your brain, so you dont know its happening and cant do much to stop it,“ the studys lead author, Trevor Foulk, explai
47、ned in an e-mail to Health. “Anything from simple insults to ignoring a co-worker, to purposely disincluding someone or withholding information,“ can create the toxic environment, he added. This happens because experiences with rudeness leave a much bigger impression on us than you might think. When
48、 someone is rude to you, the experience creates a bias(偏见 )towards future experiences. For example, if your coworker made a snarky comment about how much you eat for lunch that you just cant let go, simply entering the kitchen where the snub occurred can make you more likely to be rude to someone el
49、se. Even just witnessing rude behavior directed at someone else seemed to have the same effect in further experiments. Chances are youve dealt with this issue: 98 percent of workers have experienced workplace rudeness, with 50 percent of people experiencing these behaviors at least weekly, according to the study. You cant do much about unconscious bias, but you can of course, make an effort to not be rude in the first place. Another thing you can do is communicate as clearly as poss
