1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 230及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of being punctual You should write at least 120 wo
2、rds but no more than 180 words Section A （ A） Two. （ B） Three. （ C） Four. （ D） One. （ A） Close all the tourist attractions. （ B） Forbid using animals as a vehicle. （ C） Increase the trains and flights. （ D） Restore the May Day holiday. （ A） It didnt do enough to celebrate the 100th anniversary of WW
3、I. （ B） It showed little respect to other European countries. （ C） It tended to focus on the crimes of WWI. （ D） It tried to deny the crimes committed by the Nazis. （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Opposed. （ C） Neutral. （ D） Numb. （ A） Remind people to care their personal appearance. （ B） Pay compliments to
4、the person in front of it. （ C） Tell the person in front of it what to dress. （ D） Make the company more competitive. （ A） 38%. （ B） 26%. （ C） 49%. （ D） 51%. （ A） To make people beautiful. （ B） To raise the nations egos. （ C） To make big money. （ D） To change a nation. Section B （ A） He does not hav
5、e his own library card with him. （ B） He does not want to return the book right now. （ C） He does not like the system of putting books on hold. （ D） He does not want to pay the fine. （ A） Only if he pays three times of the original fine. （ B） Only if he shares the book with other students. （ C） Only
6、 if other students waiting for the book finish using it. （ D） Only if he replaces his library card. （ A） This week. （ B） In two days. （ C） Tomorrow. （ D） After tomorrow. （ A） He will pay the $1.15 fine today. （ B） He will return the book after the exam. （ C） He will pay the fine after the exam. （ D）
7、 He will find out who borrows the book. （ A） A detective story. （ B） A class assignment. （ C） A birthday gift. （ D） A jewelry store robbery. （ A） She had trouble finishing her assignment. （ B） The professor did not like her story. （ C） She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper. （ D） Sh
8、e was taking too many courses at present. （ A） Take some extra time. （ B） Write the story ending first. （ C） Do some work for another course. （ D） Write down whatever ideas she has first. （ A） To do some shopping. （ B） To meet her professor. （ C） To do research for her story. （ D） To take a break fr
9、om her work. Section C （ A） Opening to look through. （ B） Light given. （ C） Wind. （ D） Winds eye. （ A） Because it kept out the wind. （ B） Because it blew out the smoke. （ C） Because it let in more wind than light. （ D） Because it let in mostly light. （ A） Through the windows. （ B） Through the chimne
10、y. （ C） Through the doors. （ D） Through a hole in the roof. （ A） Their family members. （ B） Strangers. （ C） Their closest friends. （ D） Their relatives. （ A） To get advice. （ B） To subscribe. （ C） To place an advertisement. （ D） To apply for membership. （ A） They are two famous doctors. （ B） They ar
11、e two well-known writers who give advice. （ C） They are two lawyers. （ D） They are two professors at the New York State University. （ A） Intercultural Commerce. （ B） Interaction in Communication. （ C） Intercultural Communication. （ D） International Cooperation. （ A） Once a month. （ B） Twice a month.
12、 （ C） Three times a month. （ D） Four times a month. （ A） Today after class. （ B） On Wednesday. （ C） On Thursday. （ D） On Sunday. （ A） Participation. （ B） Quizzes. （ C） A research project. （ D） Homework. Section A 26 Hearing the name of an object appears to influence whether or not we see it, suggest
13、ing that hearing and vision might be even more intertwined than previously thought. Studies suggest that words and images are【 C1】 _ coupled. What is not clear, says Gary Lupyan of the University of Wisconsin in Madison, is whether language and【 C2】 _ work together to help you【 C3】 _ what youre seei
14、ng, or whether words can actually change what you see. Lupyan and Emily Ward of Yale University used a technique called continuous flash suppression (CFS) on 20 volunteers to test whether a spoken prompt could make them detect an image that they were not【 C4】 _ aware they were seeing. CFS works by【
15、C5】 _ different images to the right and left eyes: one eye might be shown a simple shape or an animal,【 C6】 _ the other is shown visual “noise“. The noise monopolizes (垄断 ) the brain, leaving so little processing power for the other image, making it【 C7】 _ . In a similar experiment, the team found t
16、hat volunteers were more likely to detect specific【 C8】 _ if asked about them. For example, asking “Do you see a square?“ made it more likely than that they would see a hidden【 C9】 _ but not a hidden circle. James McClelland of Stanford University in California, who was not【 C10】_ in the work, think
17、s it is an important study. It suggests that sight and language are intertwined, he says. A) visible F) displaying K) shapes B) vision G) however L) tightly C) square H) while M) invisible D) consciously I) involved N) using E) usually J) interpret O) given 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C
18、5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Steps to Better Foot Health A) Are your feet healthy? Even people who try to cover all the bases avoiding fattening foods, hitting the gym and wearing sunscreen may not be able to answer yes. Doctors say people often ignore persistent but
19、 minor foot complaints, which can later develop into bigger problems, like lower back pain. Some common foot problems can mask underlying issues that are correctable if addressed early. Tender feet might be a sign of a pinched nerve, for example, or bunions (肿 ) might stem from weak arches. Other fo
20、ot illness, such as sores that dont heal, can point to a more serious condition, such as diabetes. B) Podiatrists (足部医生 ) say foot illness are a growing problem as more people get physically active. Running marathons, for instance, puts added pressure on the feet and can worsen existing issues that
21、might be caused by genetics or poor footwear choices. Feet also must bear the burden from the growing numbers of people who are overweight or obese. C) Many people dont wear shoes with proper support, which is especially harmful for active athletes, says Leslie Campbell, a spokeswoman for the Americ
22、an Podiatric Medical Association, a professional organization. “We see more young children coming in because they play sports like soccer and wear cleats, which are rigid, dont absorb shock, cause fatigue and should be worn as little as possible,“ she says. Dr. Campbell, a podiatrist at Presbyterian
23、 Hospital in Allen, Texas, recommends soccer players not wear cleats off the field and be sure to warm up adequately before playing so the joints are supple in the shoe. D) Other sports, including football, basketball and tennis, require constant, quick side-to-side movements that increase the risk
24、of ankle sprains. And long-distance running can cause overuse problems like heel spurs, pinched nerves in the ankle and excessive rolling of the foot, which is known as over-or under-pronation. E) People can check for pronation problems by looking at the bottoms of their shoes. Uneven wear means the
25、 foot isnt landing properly, which can cause a collapsed arch and lead to lower back pain, says Eugene Charles, a New York-based practitioner of applied kinesiology (运动学 ) , an alternative medicine that combines elements of chiropractic (脊椎神经 ) , physical therapy and other disciplines. Orthotics is
26、usually recommended in this case, he says. F) Achy feet shouldnt just be explained away by old age or standing a lot, says Dr. Charles. Rubbing the feet after a long day should feel good. But if the feet are tender to the touch, this could reveal an underlying problem such as overworked muscles or w
27、eak arches. Often the wrong shoes are to blame, so try footwear with more support. G) Sometimes a foot problem starts in another part of the body. If the bones in the ankle make a crackling sound when the joint is rotated, this could mean a major muscle located in the calf and foot, called the tibia
28、lis posterior (胫骨后肌 ) , needs to be strengthened, Dr. Charles says. A weak tibialis posterior can cause tendon (肌腱 ) problems and shin splints. Standing on one foot or doing calf stretches and heel raises can strengthen the muscle. H) Elevating the feet whenever it is convenient is a good practice b
29、ecause it alleviates pressure, Dr. Charles says. Epsom-salt soaks and foot massages feel good, but usually dont address actual problems. If people need a soak every day for their feet to feel normal, there may be something wrong, he says. Going barefoot isnt always a good idea. Shedding shoes on gra
30、ss or on the beach can strengthen certain muscles, Dr. Campbell says. But walking barefoot on hard surfaces, which dont provide support, can cause muscle strain and misalignment. Regular stretches and exercises can strengthen muscles and help prevent some common foot problems. I) Before getting out
31、of bed, wake up the foot muscles. Sit with your feet extended and angle the toes toward your head and then away from it. This works the Achilles tendon and fascial band. Rolling your foot over a tennis ball stimulates nerve endings and protects from injury. Picking up small objects like marbles stre
32、ngthens muscles in the toes and foot. Calf stretches strengthen major muscles in the lower leg that affect the foot. Wrapping a rubber band around the toes and then expanding the toes outward supports foot muscles. J) To prepare for a vacation that will involve lots of walking, Dr. Charles recommend
33、s getting the feet in shape by starting to take walks a month before the trip and gradually ramping up the workout length. He suggests alternating the speed walk very slowly for one block, then fast for another to work different muscles and strengthen the foot overall. K) Some foot illness can signa
34、l bigger problems, for which a podiatrist or orthopedic surgeon should be consulted. For example, pain in the big toe can be a sign of gout, a form of arthritis. Sores that dont heal can indicate diabetes and abnormal blood-glucose levels or peripheral artery disease. And soreness or a burning sensa
35、tion in the ball of the foot can signal a pinched nerve. L) Bunions and hammertoes are common illness that are painful and usually indicate larger structural problems. Bunions are the bony bumps that form at the base of the big toe and hammertoes are toes with an abnormal bend in the middle joint. T
36、hese can signal that the foot isnt receiving enough support, either because of ill-fitting shoes like heels, or genetics that cause the foot to be too mobile. 37 Some special soaks or massages can make your feet feel good, but it can not really solve the feet problems. 38 Bunions and hammertoes are
37、two common sicknesses, which may indicate larger problems. 39 Before getting up in the morning, you need to wake up your foot muscles. 40 Foot problems may not always start from your feet, it can begin from other parts of your body. 41 Runners who do not wear shoes with proper support may have probl
38、ems of heel spurs after a long run. 42 Marathons make feet suffer from great pressure, and the wearing poor shoes can lead to worse problems of the feet. 43 You need to change the speed of your walk in order to exercise different muscles of your body. 44 The shoes that can not absorb shock may cause
39、 fatigue to the people who wear them. 45 Orthotics are usually suggested to deal with uneven wear, which may lead to a collapsed arch and lower back pain. 46 You can rub your feet in order to make you feel well after a long day. Section C 46 Unemployment-insurance (UI) benefits first passed in 2008
40、and extended several times. Americas government has enacted such measures in every recession since 1957. The most recent extension expired on December 28th, leaving roughly 1. 3m Americans suddenly cut off and setting the stage for a huge political battle early in 2014. Republicans principally objec
41、t to the extensions cost around $25 billion over the next two years. Some point out that supplemental UI benefits have been in place longer and paid out more than in past recessions. Of course, one reason for this is that a far larger share of Americans remains out of work now than when the recessio
42、n began. In November 2013 Americas unemployment rate was 7. 0% , still a full two points higher than its 5% level when the recession began in December 2007. There remain roughly three applicants for every open job. Even so, Rand Paul, a Republican senator from Kentucky, says that extending UI benefi
43、ts causes workers “to become part of this perpetual unemployed group in our economy“ and “actually does a disservice to the people youre trying to help.“ Not extending benefits will probably cause the unemployment rate to drop. Unlike some other economic stimuli, these benefits tend to get spent qui
44、ckly on consumer goods. Mr. Obama has proposed several policies aimed at helping the long-term unemployed. One would set up a National Infrastructure Bank and spend $ 40 billion on deferred-maintenance repairs. Another, the Community College to Career Fund Act, would award grants to educational inst
45、itutions and state and local governments for better job-training programmes. Congress has not approved them. In 2010 it passed a payroll-tax exemption for employers who hire the unemployed; this has since expired. Yet there is not much hope for improvement in Americas polarized atmosphere. Instead,
46、Congress will begin the new year by once again debating UI benefits. House Democrats have introduced legislation to extend benefits for three months, paid for by trimming farm subsidies. 47 According to the first paragraph, what does political battle refer to? （ A） The debate on economic recession.
47、（ B） The argument on rising unemployment. （ C） The different ideas on expired unemployment benefits. （ D） The dispute on extending unemployment benefits. 48 Why did some people say that Americas government needed to pay more on unemployment-insurance (UI) in this year than in past years? （ A） There
48、are an increasing number of unemployed workers. （ B） Supplemental UI benefits have been in place longer. （ C） The economic recession has continued. （ D） Peoples living standards improved. 49 What is the positive effect of extending unemployment-insurance (UI) benefits? （ A） The situation of economic
49、 depression will alleviate. （ B） The unemployment rate will decline. （ C） The life of unemployed people will be improved. （ D） The pressure on the government will be reduced. 50 Which of the following is the policy that is aimed to help the long-term unemployed but not approved by Congress? （ A） Job-training programmes. （ B） A payroll-tax exemption. （ C） Introduced legislation to extend benefits for three months. （ D） Trimming farm subsidies. 51 What does the passage mainly talk about? （ A） Economic rec
