1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 61及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on how to face failure. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
2、 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） He was sentenced to jail in court. （ B） He caused a serious traffic accident. （ C） He broke the traffic rules. （ D） He accused the traffic police of overcharging. （ A） The coach was delayed for nearly three hours. （ B） The coach ran into a t
3、raffic accident. （ C） The woman has been waiting for the man. （ D） The man was late for the half past five coach. （ A） Go sailing for a change. （ B） See the storm. （ C） Play tennis with the woman. （ D） Listen to the warning. （ A） He has also read the article for three times. （ B） He cant understand
4、the article either. （ C） He cant read the article in the dark. （ D） They both can understand the article. （ A） If the museum is free on weekends, they will go there. （ B） If they have time on weekends, they will go to the museum. （ C） If the weather is good, they will go to the museum. （ D） If the m
5、useum is not crowded, they will go there. （ A） She wants to go to the movies. （ B） Shell go to the coffee shop. （ C） She is very busy tonight. （ D） She is a quiet person. （ A） Moving to Wales. （ B） Buying a new house. （ C） Joking with people. （ D） Making his decision. （ A） She refused the job offere
6、d by a company. （ B） She could earn enough money to support herself. （ C） She was satisfied with her present job. （ D） She worked in an international company. （ A） There is heavy traffic. （ B） She cannot find the place. （ C） The train arrives late. （ D） She has to wait for the man. （ A） They prevent
7、 from traffic jam. （ B） They make travel convenient. （ C） They improve the service standard. （ D） They design terrific schedules. （ A） Reading a book. （ B） Listening to music. （ C） Sleeping for a while. （ D） Chatting with others. （ A） Because people cant survive alone. （ B） Because good friends bene
8、fit business. （ C） Because he has few friends. （ D） Because he can learn from friends. （ A） Develop new hobbies. （ B） Play the video games. （ C） Take part in sports. （ D） Make friends. （ A） They are helpful in improving the team spirit. （ B） They are relevant to business management. （ C） They are he
9、lpful in his previous work. （ D） They are relevant to the job of assistant manager. （ A） An assistant manager. （ B） A sales manager. （ C） A college lecturer. （ D） A football player. Section B （ A） Common people could meet one another at a sport. （ B） People have no intention to have a contest on spo
10、rts. （ C） International sporting contests lead to hatred. （ D） Sport creates goodwill between the nations. （ A） They are rivalling. （ B） They are cruel. （ C） They are patriotic. （ D） They are combative. （ A） The behavior of the players and spectators. （ B） The international level of the sports. （ C）
11、 The attitude of the spectators and the nations. （ D） The horner combined in the sports. （ A） Its the work combined musical talents with expertise. （ B） Its the song published in a collection. （ C） Its the masterpiece enjoyed by kids and their parents. （ D） Its the achievement made by the teacher. （
12、 A） Mr. Coleman replaced the original title. （ B） Mr. Coleman added a second part. （ C） The sisters published it in a collection. （ D） The sisters permitted the renewal for it. （ A） They suggested that they get back the money they lost. （ B） They claimed that they get the melody sung for commercial
13、purposes. （ C） They proved that they legally own the melody of the song. （ D） They declared that they permit the name of the song. （ A） Choose to be positive. （ B） Try our best to overcome. （ C） Make some decisive strategies. （ D） Get our ambition inspired. （ A） By developing a proper character. （ B
14、） By experiencing hardship. （ C） By getting inspired by great people. （ D） By doing writing to criticize oneself. （ A） A leader. （ B） An inspiration. （ C） A teacher. （ D） An example. （ A） They write their biographies for us to read. （ B） They make themselves to be heroes. （ C） They persuade us to fa
15、ce the impossible things. （ D） They show us their experiences to overcome the difficulties. Section C 26 Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children. And they must have【 B1】 _how difficult it is to find a good childrens book. Either the author has ai
16、med too high, so that the children cant【 B2】 _what is in his or more often, her story, or the story seems to be talking to the readers. The best childrens books are neither very difficult nor very simple, and【 B3】_both the child who hears the story and the adult who reads it.【 B4】 _, there are in fa
17、ct few books like this, so the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not easy to【 B5】 _. This may be why many of books regarded as【 B6】 _of childrens literature were in fact written for the grown. Alices Adventure in Wonderland is perhaps the most obvious of this. Children, left for themselv
18、es, often show the worst possible【 B7】 _literature. Just leave a child in a bookshop or a library and he will more willingly choose the books written in an【 B8】 _way, or have a look at most childrens comics, full of the stories and jokes which are the objections of teachers and right-thinking parent
19、s. Perhaps we parents should stop trying to【 B9】 _accepting our taste in literature. After all children and adults are so different that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the same books. So I suppose well just have to【 B10】 _that bedtime story. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31
20、【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 What would it take to persuade you to exercise? A【 C1】 _to lose weight or improve your figure? To keep heart disease, cancer or high blood pressure at bay? To lower your blood pressure or cholesterol(胆固醇 )? To protect your bones? To li
21、ve to a【 C2】 _old age? Youd think any of those reasons would be sufficient to get Americans exercising, but【 C3】 _of studies have shown otherwise. It seems that public health experts, doctors and exercise devotees in the media like me have been using ineffective measures to【 C4】 _people who sit too
22、much to become, and remain, physically active. For decades, people have been【 C5】 _with messages that regular exercise is necessary to lose weight, prevent serious disease and【 C6】 _healthy aging. And yes, most people say they value these goals. Yet a vast majority of Americans two-thirds of whom ar
23、e overweight or fat have thus far failed to swallow the “exercise pill“. Now research by psychologists【 C7】 _suggests its time to stop thinking of future health, weight loss and body image as【 C8】 _for exercise. Instead, these experts recommend a strategy marketers use to sell products: portray phys
24、ical activity as a way to enhance【 C9】 _well-being and happiness. “ We need to make exercise【 C10】 _to peoples daily lives,“ Michelle L. Segar, a research investigator at the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan, said in an interview. “Everyones schedule is packed
25、 with nonstop to-dos. We can only fit in whats essential. “ A)attract I)motivators B)current J)numbers C)desire K)relevant D)eagerly L)scores E)foster M)strongly F)healthy N)surrendered G)improve O)surrounded H)long 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46
26、【 C10】 Section B 46 The Case for Killing Granny A)My mother wanted to die, but the doctors wouldnt let her. At least thats the way it seemed to me as I stood by her bed in an intensive-care unit at a hospital in Hilton Head, S. C. , five years ago. My mother was 79, a longtime smoker who was dying o
27、f emphysema(肺气肿 ). She knew that her quality of life was increasingly tied to an oxygen tank, that she was losing her ability to get about, and that she was slowly drowning. The doctors at her bedside were recommending various tests and procedures to keep her alive, but my mother, with a certain fir
28、mness I recognized, said no. She seemed puzzled and a bit frustrated that she had to be so insistent on her own death. B)The hospital at my mothers assisted-living facility was sustained by Medicare, which pays by the procedure. I dont think the doctors were trying to be greedy by pushing more treat
29、ments on my mother. Thats just the way the system works. The doctors were responding to the expectations of almost all patients. As a doctor friend of mine puts it, “ Americans want the best, they want the latest, and they want it now. “ We expect doctors to make heroic efforts especially to save ou
30、r lives and the lives of our loved ones. C)The idea that we might ration health care to seniors(or anyone else)is political curse. Politicians do not dare breathe the word, lest they be accused however wrongly of trying to pull the plug on Grandma. But the need to spend less money on the elderly at
31、the end of life is the elephant in the room in the health-reform debate. Everyone sees it but no one wants to talk about it. At a more basic level, Americans are afraid not just of dying, but of talking and thinking about death. Until Americans learn to regard death as more than a scientific challen
32、ge to be overcome, our health-care system will remain unfixable. D)Compared with other Western countries, the United States has more health care but, generally speaking, not better health care. There is no way we can get control of costs, which have grown by nearly 50 percent in the past decade, wit
33、hout finding a way to stop overtreating patients. In his address to Congress, President Obama spoke airily about reducing inefficiency, but he slid past the hard choices that will have to be made to stop health care from devouring ever-larger slices of the economy and tax dollar. A significant porti
34、on of the savings will have to come from the money we spend on seniors at the end of life because, as Willie Sutton explained about why he robbed banks, thats where the money is. E)As President Obama said, most of the uncontrolled growth in federal spending and the deficit comes from Medicare; nothi
35、ng else comes close. Almost a third of the money spent by Medicare about $ 66.8 billion a year goes to chronically ill patients in the last two years of life. This might seem obvious of course the costs come at the end, when patients are the sickest. But that cant explain what researchers at Dartmou
36、th have discovered: Medicare spends twice as much on similar patients in some parts of the country as in others. The average cost of a Medicare patient in Miami is $ 16,351; the average in Honolulu is $ 5,311. In the Bronx, N. Y. , its $ 12,543. In Fargo, N. D. , $ 5,738. The average Medicare patien
37、t undergoing end-of-life treatment spends 21.9 days in a Manhattan hospital. In Mason City, Iowa, he or she spends only 6.1 days. F)All this treatment does not necessarily buy better care. In fact, the Dartmouth studies have found worse outcomes in many states and cities where there is more health c
38、are. Why? Because just going into the hospital has risks of infection, or error, or other unforeseen complications. Some studies estimate that Americans are over treated by roughly 30 percent. “ Its not about rationing care thats always the bogeyman(魔鬼 )people use to block reform,“ says Dr. Elliott
39、Fisher, a professor at Dartmouth Medical School. “The real problem is unnecessary and unwanted care. “ G)But how do you decide which treatments to cut out? How do you choose between the necessary and the unnecessary? There has been talk among experts and lawmakers of giving more power to a panel of
40、government experts to decide Britain has one, called the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(known by the somewhat ironic acronym NICE). But no one wants the horror stories of denied care and long waits that are said to plague state-run national health-care systems. After the summe
41、r of angry town halls, no politician is going to get anywhere near something that could be called a “death panel“. H)Ever-rising health-care spending now consumes about 17 percent of the economy. At the current rate of increase, it will devour a fifth of GDP by 2018. We cannot afford to sustain a pr
42、oductive economy with so much money going to health care. Over time, economic reality may force us to adopt a national health-care system like Britains or Canadas. But before that day arrives, there are steps we can take to reduce costs without totally turning the system inside out. I)Other initiati
43、ves ensure that the elderly get counseling about end-of-life issues. Although demagogue(蛊惑民心的政客 )as a “death panel“ , a program in Wisconsin to get patients to talk to their doctors about how they want to deal with death was actually an outstanding success. A study by the Archives of Internal Medici
44、ne shows that such conversations between doctors and patients can decrease costs by about 35 percentwhile improving the quality of life at the end. J)Patients should be encouraged to draft living wills to make their end-of-life desires known. Unfortunately, such paper can be useless if there is a fa
45、mily member at the bedside demanding heroic measures. “A lot of the time guilt is playing a role,“ says Dr. David Torchiana, a surgeon and CEO of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization. Doctors can feel guilty, too about overtreating patients. Torchiana recalls his unease over operating t
46、o treat a severe heart infection in a woman with two forms of metastatic(转移 )cancer who was already comatose(昏迷的 ). The family insisted. K)Studies show that about 70 percent of people want to die at home but that about half die in hospitals. There has been an important increase in hospice(临终关怀病房 )or
47、 palliative(缓解的 )care keeping patients with incurable diseases as comfortable as possible while they live out the remainder of their lives. Hospice services are generally intended for the terminally ill in the last six months of life, but as a practical matter, many people receive hospice care for o
48、nly a few weeks. L)Thats what my mother wanted. After convincing the doctors that she meant it that she really was ready to die she was transferred from the ICU to a hospice, where, five days later, she passed away. In the ICU, as they removed all the monitors and pulled out all the tubes and wires,
49、 she made a shaking motion with her hands. She seemed to be signaling goodbye to all that Im free to go in peace. 47 Receiving counseling about end-of-life issues may improve the patients quality of life at the end. 48 Medicare is the main reason of the majority of the uncontrolled growth in federal spending and the deficit. 49 The aim of the hospice is to make patients with fatal illnesses comfortable. 50 How to stop overtr
