1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 98及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of appeal calling for student participation in an aid-education project in Western, areas following the outline given below. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 w
2、ords. 1市教委组织了一次西部支教的活动，学生会呼吁大学生积极参与 2活动的时间、要求及作用 Section A （ A） The woman still thinks that she speaks pretty good English. （ B） The woman speaks poor English so people cannot understand her. （ C） The woman has to improve her spoken English. （ D） The woman does not speak English loudly enough. （ A）
3、To pay for transportation. （ B） To make a phone call. （ C） To do shopping. （ D） To give them to the woman. （ A） Wait for Mr. Whites call. （ B） Make another call later. （ C） Pay the manager a visit. （ D） Speak in a louder voice. （ A） She has been longing to attend Harvard University. （ B） Shell consi
4、der the mans suggestion carefully. （ C） She has finished her project with Dr. Garcias help. （ D） Shell consult Dr. Garcia about entering graduate school. （ A） listening to the radio. （ B） Reading a newspaper. （ C） Watching television. （ D） Watching a sports game. （ A） They are very rewarding. （ B） T
5、hey are too time-consuming. （ C） They are not helpful at all. （ D） They are too troublesome. （ A） She thinks curly hair is very fashionable. （ B） She is going to attend a special meeting. （ C） She is going to attend a party tonight. （ D） She is accustomed to trying different styles. （ A） He is asham
6、ed of Professor Wang. （ B） He will congratulate Professor Wang. （ C） He will help Professor Wang paint his car. （ D） He will tell Professor Wang the bad news. （ A） Supportive. （ B） Opposed. （ C） Pessimistic. （ D） Neutral. （ A） It has no difference from other cells. （ B） It can only become a certain
7、type of cell. （ C） It cant become a kidney cell. （ D） It maintains and repairs the body. （ A） They dont know about the benefits of the research. （ B） The research goes against their religious beliefs. （ C） The research costs too much money. （ D） They insist that the research is against nature. （ A）
8、It uses new technology. （ B） It is installed with a robot. （ C） It is as clever as human. （ D） It can talk with people. （ A） He does the work of making maps. （ B） He is reliable on giving directions. （ C） He is a Geographic specialist. （ D） He knows more than a computerized map. （ A） They will tell
9、drivers the accident on the road ahead. （ B） They will remind drivers if there is only a little oil left. （ C） They will help drivers sheer off in the opposite direction. （ D） They will give an alarm if drivers get too close to other cars. （ A） He couldnt find the way. （ B） His car ran out of oil. （
10、 C） He came at rush hour. （ D） His watch was slow. Section B （ A） Automobiles are more destructive to human society. （ B） Peacebreakers pay little attention to law and morality. （ C） Modern technology brings more harm than good. （ D） The lack of virtue is becoming more prevailing. （ A） Researchers s
11、how great interest in this. （ B） Few drivers know the dangers of accidents. （ C） Experts want to warn drivers of their own safety. （ D） It is a main reason leading to accidents. （ A） Raising safety standards for vehicles. （ B） Establishing speed limits on more roads. （ C） Limiting the number of vehi
12、cles on express ways. （ D） Regulating the release of drivers licenses. （ A） To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention. （ B） To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions. （ C） To promote drivers social awareness and sense of responsibility. （ D） To warn drivers of the
13、 destruction of careless driving. （ A） They become more mature in a shorter time. （ B） They might be of different genes from their ancestors. （ C） They are much more nutritious with better taste. （ D） They might take a totally different look than before. （ A） Which food could be sold. （ B） How foods
14、 must be described. （ C） When certain foods are available. （ D） What nutrients food should contain. （ A） They have trouble in moving. （ B） They have trouble in speaking. （ C） They have trouble in sleeping. （ D） They have trouble in breathing. （ A） It plays an important role in the international econ
15、omy. （ B） Japan is the largest trading partner of America. （ C） American banks have the most branches globally. （ D） Trade between Japan and America is the most active of all. （ A） She was interested in living in different places. （ B） She wanted to know more about Japanese culture. （ C） She was pro
16、moted by her boss to a new position. （ D） She wanted to gain more knowledge of the field. （ A） She is the manager of the Tokyo branch bank. （ B） She studies economics in Japan. （ C） She works for a Japanese bank in America. （ D） She set up her own business in Japan. Section C 26 In many countries se
17、at belts are now compulsory for the driver and the front seat passenger at least. Doctors believe that seat belts save people from being seriously hurt in a【 B1】_, but there are some people who still think it is more dangerous to wear a seat belt than not to wear one. They think that seat belts may【
18、 B2】 _ people in a car that is burning, or that has fallen into the water, so that they are burnt to death or【 B3】 _. But less than half of one percent of car accidents lead to fire or【 B4】 _, and in any case, a seat belt may easily save a person from being knocked【 B5】 _in an accident, so that he o
19、r she is able to undo the seat belt immediately and【 B6】 _ the automobile. Some people say that it is an attack on their【 B7】 _ to force them to wear a seat belt. But even in【 B8】 _ countries there are many things people are denied the right to do though they want to do them. How does this affect se
20、at belts? In what way does it【 B9】 _the rights of others if someone refuses to wear a seat belt? Well, 【 B10】 _sense tells us that a driver without a seat belt has less control of a car if there is an accident. In that case, the driver is more likely to be a danger to others, who after all also have
21、 the right to be protected as much as possible from accidents. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 If youre in charge of Christmas dinner, with all its interconnected tasks and challenges of timing when to preheat the oven, whether
22、to put the potatoes in before the eggs why not write down every【 C1】 _that needs doing, in order, then do them, checking them off as you go? That can be very helpful. The Checklist Manifesto, written by the journalist and doctor Atul Gawande, shows the importance of checklist when hospital doctors a
23、re【 C2】 _to tick off items on checklists as they carry out routine but critical procedures. In one trial, the rate of infections from intravenous(静脉内的 )drips fell from 11% of all patients to zero【 C3】_because staff were compelled to work through a checklist of no-brainer items, such as【 C4】 _their h
24、ands. A more recent study, which included UK hospitals, suggested that wider use of checklists might【 C5】 _40% of deaths during treatment. Unlike in medicine, the【 C6】 _uses of checklists in everyday life a list for holiday packing, for instance, arent usually matters of life and death. The idea of
25、making a checklist is so stupidly obvious that it seems impossible it could have so【 C7】_an effect. But the truth is that all life, not just medicine, is【 C8】 _complex; if highly trained intensive-care specialists can forget a【 C9】 _step, its sure that anyone might. Besides, the step-by-step structu
26、re of checklists can narrow your【 C10】 _to the next action. All you have to remember is to “do the next right thing“. Then the next, and the next. A)potential B)required C)crucial D)subject E)vast F)action G)washing H)prevent I)simply J)increasingly K)focus L)normally M)gradual N)request O)shaking 3
27、7 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 What Your iPad Knows About You A)Youve finally finished the book your co-worker recommended, so what to read next? If it is 5 a.m., chances are that youre reaching for a romance novel especially if
28、 youre in Texas or Georgia. By early morning, thrillers might start to look more appealing. And if Philip K. Dick is your favorite author, books about beer are probably more up your taste than anything about wine or liquor. B)These are some of the insights from Scribd Inc. and Oyster, two startups t
29、hat offer unlimited e-book rentals for a monthly subscription fee. Scribd, Oyster and Entitle Books which just launched in December are tracking reader behavior in hopes of figuring out recommendations of exactly what youll want to pick up next. C)About 50% of the U.S. population owns a dedicated e-
30、reader, according to a Pew Research study released last month. In addition, 28% read an e-book last year, up from 23% the previous year. The services are expanding. Scribd, a San Francisco-based site that started selling monthly e-book subscriptions last October, announced this month that its app is
31、 available on Amazons Kindle Fire and Kindle Paperwhite. After running exclusively on Apples operating system, New York-based Oyster plans to expand to Android later this year. And Entitle is considering adding an all-you-can-read feature to complement its current “book of the month“-style subscript
32、ion service. Subscription services are popular because they “reduce the emotional burden“ of purchasing, says Julie Haddon, Scribd vice president of marketing. Buying a book creates pressure to finish and get your moneys worth, she adds. In addition, people might try to save money by buying a cheape
33、r book instead of the one they really want. D)Brian Konash, 34, who works at Web startup Squarespace in Manhattan, joined Oyster two months ago because it didnt cause the buyers sense of guilty he experienced when purchasing Kiridle e-books. “Youve already paid for the service, so you can read as mu
34、ch as you want,“ he says. “With other models, theres that little financial bite each time you want to buy a book and you worry that its going to be worthless.“ Mr. Konash, who has been picking books based on the sites suggestions, predicts hell read up to 10 more books a year beyond his usual 25. E)
35、An all-access subscription “lowers the activation energy for reading,“ says Oyster CEO Eric Stromberg. Reading often has a high “activation energy“ because theres a time gap between wanting to read a book and then actually getting your hands on it, he says. “When you can order a book and instantly g
36、et it on your tablet, you can hear about the book and then read it right there,“ says Willem van Lancker, Oysters chief product officer. F)“From the publishing perspective, the biggest problem is how to get people to care about a new book,“ says Otis Chandler, CEO of Goodreads, a site where people s
37、hare what theyre reading and post recommendations. Goodreads, which was acquired by Amazon in March, uses an algorithm(运算法则 )that recommends books that users with similar taste have enjoyed. G)Oyster and Scribd ask readers to rate books, what they call an “active signal.“ They also track “passive si
38、gnals,“ such as the percentage of a book that a reader finishes and the click rate, or how many people who are shown a book click through to learn more. The companies use that information among other factors to recommend books. Active signals represent what we wish we read, while passive signals are
39、 more honest, says Jared Friedman, Scribd chief technology officer. A lot of people give a 5-star rating to “The Great Gatsby,“ while they read greedily, but dont necessarily rate, thrillers like “The Da Vinci Code,“ for example. H)Other findings: Self-help might be a popular market, yet only about
40、20% of people who start such a book finish it. More than 80% of people who crack the pages of a mystery novel will find out who did it. People read through biographies at 20 pages per hour, while they read at three times that speed for erotica(色情作品 ). And higher “acceleration factor“ or how much rea
41、ders speed up as they get closer to finishingcorrelates with higher average rating for a book. One of the highest acceleration factors comes from Kurt Vonneguts “Cats Cradle,“ which readers start speeding through at the halfway mark, Mr. Friedman says. All three companies allow users to hide their r
42、eading behavior from other customers, but users cant opt out of their behavior being collected by the company itself. Entitle, however, says it keeps track of browsing and download information only. I)Personalized recommendations drive 10 times more browsing traffic than lists based on themes such a
43、s “globe-trotting memoirs“ or “bad role models“ that copy racks at the front of bookstores, Scribds Mr. Friedman says. The company is interested in combining algorithms with lists to create a list of best sellers that someone would, based on past reading behavior, find interesting. Another possible
44、approach is to suggest different books or genres depending on time of day to take advantage of what the company knows about time-based preferences. J)The algorithm doesnt just analyze behavior signals, but “reads“ through a books text to pull out different topics, genres and subjects, says Bryan Bat
45、ten, chief executive of Entitle. Theres also a patent-pending(申请专利中的 )service called “if these books had a baby,“ where users can input two books and find a third with similar themes. For example, the “baby“ of Joseph Hellers “Catch-22“ and Leo Tolstoys “Anna Karenina“ is Fyodor Dostoevskys “The Bro
46、thers Karamazov“ but the product of “Catch-22“ and Steve Jobs biography is a book called “Dealers of Lightning,“ about engineers at Xerox Corp. K)Entitle operates on a tiered model: two books for $9.99 a month(the most popular plan), three for $14.99, and so on. For customers, the upside is being ab
47、le to keep the e-books, even if they cancel the service. The services, of course, compete with the library. But libraries have had limited e-book offerings and there are often waits for the books. Robert Wolven, co-chair of the American Library Associations Digital Content Working Group, says demand
48、 has increased significantly in the past 18 months. He says he doesnt see the startups as a threat. L)While libraries budget for e-books has been growing, licensing restrictions mean that popular titles often arent available, says Laura Girmscheid, research manager for the trade publication Library
49、Journal, which recently released its fourth annual report on e-books in libraries. This, combined with holds on e-books, is the largest hurdle preventing people from using library e-books more. “Its just not convenient for instant access,“ Ms. Girmscheid says. 47 Subscribers cant stop e-book provider from collecting information about their reading behavior. 48 Due to the time gap between wanting to read a book and actually starting re
