1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date;
2、 had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left. The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, “Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat in last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again?“ Then you find out that your b
3、urger has been cooked and your drink is on the table. Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesnt include burgers. Sound a little bizarre? To some, this is the restaurant equivalent of the Internet. The Nets ability to profile you through your visits to and interacti
4、ons at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you some of which you may not want them to have. Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a “cookie“? Unfortunately, its not the Mrs. Fields type. A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the si
5、te to your computer usually without your knowledge. During the entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about your interaction, including where you visit, how long you stay there, how frequently you return to certain pages, and even your electronic address
6、. Fill out a survey to collect free information or samples, and marketers know even more about you like your name, address, and any other information you provide. While this may sound scary enough, cookies arent even the latest in technology. A new system called I-librarian Alexanamed for the legend
7、ary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt does even more. While cookies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa collects data on all your Web activity, such as which sites you visit next, how long you stay there, whether you click on ads, etc. All this information is available to marke
8、ters, who use it to market more effectively to you. Not only do you not get paid for providing the information, you probably dont even know that you are giving it. 1 In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress was_. （ A） considerate （ B） polite （ C） irritating
9、（ D） unsmart 2 The author makes up the restaurant story in order to_. （ A） show the good service offered in some Web restaurants （ B） criticize some restaurants for too considerate service （ C） show the Internets ability to collect data on you （ D） prove the incredible power of the Internet 3 What c
10、an be learned about “cookie“ from the second paragraph? （ A） It was first created by Mrs. Field. （ B） It collects information on you without your knowing it. （ C） Its some information sent to your computer about yourself. （ D） Its the latest in technology. 4 What can be learned about “Alexa“ from th
11、e second paragraph? （ A） Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt. （ B） Alexa is installed in libraries. （ C） Alexa can collect all the necessary data on you. （ D） Alexa can provide more data for marketers than a cookie. 5 Which of the following words can best reflect the authors attitude to co
12、okies and Alexa? （ A） Critical. （ B） Suspicious. （ C） Objective. （ D） Optimistic. 5 The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human
13、-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loa
14、ding in the right software (软件 ) or by altering the architecture but that too will happen. I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon (硅 ) will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a r
15、eal sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbons long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe. As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through
16、economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it wil
17、l provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 6 In what way can we make a machine intelligent? （ A） By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space. （ B） By working hard for 10 or 20 years. （ C
18、） By either properly programming it or changing its structure. （ D） By reproducing it. 7 What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability? （ A） He believes they will be useful to human beings. （ B） He believes that they will control us in the future. （ C） He is not quite sure in wha
19、t way they may influence us. （ D） He doesnt consider the construction of such machines possible. 8 The word “carbon“(Line 3, Para. 2) stands for _ . （ A） intelligent robots （ B） a chemical element （ C） an organic substance （ D） human beings 9 A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _. （ A）
20、its intelligence and cost are beyond question （ B） it is able to bear the rough environment （ C） it is made as complex as the human brain （ D） its architecture is different from that of the present ones 10 It can be inferred from the passage that _. （ A） after the installation of a great number of c
21、ells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction （ B） with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability （ C） once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence （ D） robots
22、 will have control of the vast, man-made world in space 10 Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea“. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects
23、of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay b
24、eneath the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?“ had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状 ) of the route to estimate th
25、e length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深 ) were taken to investigate the depths of the
26、 North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for re
27、pairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察 ), which lasted for four years and brought hom
28、e thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. 11 The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on_. （ A） an academic aspect
29、（ B） a military aspect （ C） a business aspect （ D） an international aspect 12 It was_that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. （ A） the American Navy （ B） some early intercontinental travelers （ C） those who earned a living from the sea （ D） the company which proposed to lay an undersea ca
30、ble 13 The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was _. （ A） to make some sounding experiments in the oceans （ B） to collect sample of sea plants and animals （ C） to estimate the length of cable that was needed （ D） to measure the depths of the two oceans 14 “Defied“ in the 5th pa
31、ragraph probably means “_“. （ A） doubted （ B） gave proof to （ C） challenged （ D） agreed to 15 This passage is mainly about_. （ A） the beginnings of oceanography （ B） the laying of the first undersea cable （ C） the investigation of ocean depths （ D） the early intercontinental communications 15 A brea
32、kthrough (突破 ) in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EECs research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar ene
33、rgy at EECs scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan. The senior West German scientist in charge of the Communitys solar energy programme, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per cen
34、t of the Communitys energy requirements even after the year 2000. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade. Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provide
35、d three per cent of the EECs needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the
36、Communitys future energy needs. At present the EEC spends about $2.6 millions a year on solar research at Ispra, one of the EECs official joint research centres, and another $3 millions a year in indirect research with universities and other independent bodies. 16 The phrase “be brought forward“ (Li
37、ne 2, Para. 1) most probably means “_“. （ A） be expected （ B） be completed （ C） be advanced （ D） be introduced 17 Some scientists believe that a breakthrough in the use of solar energy depends on_. （ A） sufficient funding （ B） further experiments （ C） advanced technology （ D） well-equipped laborator
38、ies 18 According to Mr. Gretz, the present sum of money will enable the scientists to provide_. （ A） more than 3% of the EECs needs after the year 2000 （ B） only 3% of the EECs needs before the year 2000 （ C） less than 3% of the EECs needs before the year 2000 （ D） 3% of the EECs needs after the yea
39、r 2000 19 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） The EEC spends one billion pounds on imported energy each year. （ B） At the present level of research spending, it is difficult to make any significant progress in the provision of energy from the sun. （ C） The desired break
40、through could be obtained by the end of the next decade if investment were increased. （ D） The total yearly spending of the EEC on solar energy research amounted to almost 6 million. 20 The application of advanced technology to research in solar energy _. （ A） would lead to a big increase in researc
41、h funding （ B） would make it unnecessary to import oil （ C） would make it possible to meet the future energy needs of the EEC （ D） would provide a much greater proportion of the Communitys future energy needs 大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 11答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each pas
42、sage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。第 1段中，乔另约了一名新女友去餐馆，餐馆服务员却招呼他坐在上次约会的女友身边，并且为他准备了与上次同样的食品包括他节食忌用的汉堡，这样的服务肯定会使乔做出负 面的评价，因此选项 A和选项 B都不对。此外这个故
43、事是为了指出滥用别人的个人资料会惹人讨厌，因此可推断乔对餐厅服务员的做法会感到生气。选项 D虽然也是反面的评价，但是这个选项可能表明乔不介意自己的资料被盗用，只是觉得餐厅服务员使用的时候不够灵活。这与文章的主题不符。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题考查例子与主题之间的关系。答题的依据是第 1段最后两句，文章指出餐馆跟因特网一样，它们都收集用户的信息。选项 A和 B都只涉及表面，选项 D则不如选项 C确切、具体。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。选择依据是第 2段第 3句及第 4句，选项 B是对这两句话的归纳。选项 A
44、谈的是可食用的甜饼，而不是本文叙述的用于收集用户信息的一种软件。选项 C是对第 2段第 3、 4句的歪曲理解。文章明确提到了 cookie不是最新的发明，选项 D不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查复杂句的理解，并涉及两个事物的对比。第2段介绍 Alexa时，指明它 does evenmore，接着用 while连接 一个让步状语从句，其主句是关于 Alexa的信息，据此可以判断选项 D正确。选项 A和 B与原文不符，容易排除。选项 C指出 Alexa能收集到所有必要的资料，这是对其作用的夸大，实际上，根据倒数第 3句，它收集的只是所有网上活动
45、的资料。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 观点态度题。判断依据是文中作者所使用的一些词句，如： usually without your knowledge， sound scary及最后一句。这些显示了作者对 cookie和Alexa持反对、批评的态度。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 1段末提到，使机器具有智能的方法有两种，要么安装合适软件，要么改变其架构，故 C正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 观点态度题。作者在最后一段提到智能机器人可为人类做很多好事，故他对机器人态度是肯定
46、的，故 A正确，同时排除 C。文中只是说机器人会超越人类，但并未提到会控制人类，故 B排除； D与第 1段末的 thattoo will happen矛盾，故错误。 【知 识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 词义理解题。文中提到 “硅 ”将会终结 “碳 ”的长期统治地位，联系上文可知， “硅 ”指的是智能机器人，再结合上文的机器人会超越人类，故可确定“碳 ”指代的是人类。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 3段首提到，智能机器人能帮助开发边远地区的条件是 intelligenceincrease to match thatof humans
47、 和 cost declines， A与此相对应，故正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理判断题。综观全文，作者讨论制作智能机器人的可能性及其影响， B所述与此相符。文中指出智能机器人的自我繁殖就是设计自己，故 A错误；第 1段指出在制作出与人脑一样复杂的机器人后，还必须花很长时间安装软件或改变架构后才能使其拥有智能，故 C错误； D中的控制人造世界属过度推断，文中并未提及。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实判断题。文章第 3段第 2句提到，这个问题的解答是具有商业结果的。 C中的 business为原文中 co
48、mmercial的同义改写，故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第 4段首句为一个强调句，强调的是宾语。题干也是一个强调句型，但强调的是主语。如果把原文的强调句型改为一般的句型，就知道向 Maury寻求帮助的是 the Atlantic Telegraph Company，故答案为 D。 A是Maury的工作单位，可以排除；原文只提到，对于一些早期的穿越洲际的旅行家和依靠海洋维持生汁的人，海洋并不遥远，故 B、 C与题意不符。 【 知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实判断题。文章第 4段提到， 19世纪 40年代， Maur
49、y负责推动进行测深工作的海上航行，以此来探测北大西洋与太平洋的深度，故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 词义推断题。当时的科学观点是海洋较深的地方不存在生命。而事实上在电缆表面发现了活的生物，由此可知这一事实对当时的科学观点提出质疑。故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨题。通读全文可知， oceanography(海洋学 )是全文的中心词，本文主要讲述海洋学是如何起步的，故答案为 A。 B、 C只表述了原文中个别细节，并非主题； D跟全文无关。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可以采用排除法。 A项 “期望 (突破 )”不合逻辑； B项 complete不能跟 breakthrough搭配； D项 “引出 (突破 )”句义不通。故只能选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 由文章第 1、 2段可知，只要稍微增加科研 经费，在利用太阳能方面可能再过 10年便可获得突破，故 A正确。 B、 D两项并未在文中提及：第 3段提
