1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 34及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 Pub-talk Pub-talk, the most popular activity
2、in all pubs, is a native dialect with its own distinctive grammar. There are very few restrictions on what you can talk about in pubs: pub etiquette (礼节 ) is concerned mainly with the form of your conversation, not the content. The greeting ritual When a regular enters the pub, you will often hear f
3、riendly greetings from other regulars, the publican and bar staff (“Evening, Joe“, “Alright, Joe?“, “Wotcha, Joe“, “Usual is it, Joe?“, etc.). The regular responds to each greeting, usually addressing the greeter by name or nickname (“Evening, Doc“, “Alright, there, Lofty?“, “Wotcha, Bill“ “Usual, t
4、hanks, Pauline“, etc.). No one is conscious of obeying a rule or following a formula, yet you will hear the same greeting ritual in every pub in the country. Pub etiquette does not limit the actual words to be used in this exchange and you may hear some inventive and peculiar variations. The words m
5、ay not even be particularly polite: a regular may be greeted with “Back again, Joe? havent you got a home to go to?“ or “Ah, just in time to buy your round, Joe! “ How to join in When you first enter a pub, dont just order a drink start by saying “Good evening“ or “Good morning“, with a friendly nod
6、 and a smile, to the bar staff and the regulars at the bar counter. For most natives, this will start an automatic greeting-response, even if it is only a nod. Dont worry if the initial response is somewhat reserved. By greeting before ordering, you have communicated friendly intentions. Although th
7、is does not make you an “instant regular“, it will be noticed, and your subsequent attempts to initiate contact will be received more favorably. The pub-argument You may well hear a lot of arguments in pubs arguing is the most popular pastime of regular pub-goers and some may seem to be quite heated
8、. But pub-arguments are not like arguments in the real world. They are conducted in accordance with a strict code of etiquette: You should not take things too seriously. The etiquette of pub-arguments reflects the principles governing all social interaction in the pub: equality, interaction, the pur
9、suit of intimacy and a non-aggression agreement. Any student of human relations will recognize these principles as the essential foundation of all social bonding, and social bonding is what pub-arguments are all about. Rule number one: The pub-argument is an enjoyable game no strong views or deeply
10、held convictions are necessary to engage in a lively dispute. Pub regulars will often start an argument about anything, just for the fun of it. A bored regular will often deliberately spark off an argument by making an outrageous or extreme statement, and then sit back and wait for the inevitable cr
11、ies of “Rubbish! “or something less polite. The initiator will then hotly defend his statements (which he secretly knows to be indefensible), and counter-attack by accusing his opponents of stupidity, ignorance or worse. The exchange may continue in this fashion for some time, although the attacks a
12、nd counter-attacks will often drift away from the original issue, moving on to other contentious subjects and eventually focusing almost entirely on the personal qualities of the participants. You may notice, however, that opponents continue to buy each other drinks throughout the match. By the end,
13、 everyone may have forgotten what the argument was supposed to be about. No-one ever wins, no-one ever surrenders. When participants become bored or tired, the accepted formula for ending the argument is to finish a sentence with “ and anyway, its your round“. Opponents remain the best of mates, and
14、 a good time has been had by all. How to join in Do not try to join in arguments taking place at tables: only those which occur at the bar counter are “public“ arguments. Even at the bar counter, watch for the “open“ body-language which signals that others are welcome to participate. Involvement of
15、the bar staff or publican is another sign that the argument is public rather than personal. Body-language and facial expressions are also your best guide to the level of “seriousness“ of the dispute. Heated and even insulting words may be used, but in most pub-arguments the relaxed posture and expre
16、ssions of the participants reveal the lack of any real hostility. Once you have established that the argument is both public and non-hostile, feel free to add your comments and opinions but remember that this is a game, and do not expect to be taken seriously. Also remember that round-buying is the
17、most effective non-aggression signal. If you unknowingly cause offence, or find yourself in any trouble, buy a round of drinks for your companions. The phrase “I think it must be my round“ should get you out of almost any difficulty. Free-association Listen carefully, and you will realize that most
18、pub-talk is also a form of free-association. In the pub, the naturally reserved and cautious natives give voice to whatever passing thought happens to occur to them. You will notice that pub-conversations rarely progress in any kind of logical manner; they do not stick to the point, nor do they reac
19、h a conclusion. Pub-talk moves in a mysterious way mostly in apparently random sideways leaps. A remark about the weather starts a prediction as to which horse will win the big race at Cheltenham, which starts an argument about the merits of the National Lottery, which leads to a discussion of the l
20、atest political scandal, which is interrupted by another regular demanding assistance with a crossword clue, one element of which leads to a comment about a recent fatal traffic accident in the neighborhood, which somehow turns into a discussion about the barmans new haircut and so on. There is a va
21、gue logic in some of the connections, but most changes of subject are started by participants “free-associating“ with a random word or phrase. How to join in Having established that the conversation is “public“ (taking place at the bar counter, open body-language, etc.), you just say whatever happen
22、s to come into your head in connection with the current topic of conversation. Pub humor Jokes, puns, teasing, wit, and backchat (回嘴 ) are all essential ingredients of pub-talk. In fact, you will notice that most pub-talk has an undercurrent of humor, never far below the surface. Most pub humor is q
23、uite subtle occasionally to the point of obscurity and some participants have a command of irony that would impress Jane Austen. Rule number two: Be prepared to laugh at yourself, as you will almost certainly be teased. Like Austens Mr. Bennet, pub regulars are disposed to find the faults and mistak
24、es of others amusing, rather than distressing. A boastful person will often be encouraged to explain his favorite topic (“Oh, did you really?“ “Do tell us about it! “) purely so that the audience may laugh at his self-importance. If you are inclined to take yourself a bit too seriously, to mention y
25、our high-powered job more often than is strictly necessary, or to derive too much enjoyment from the sound of your own voice beware! Any over-obvious attempts to impress the natives will have the opposite effect. But if you are teased about your failings, do not be upset or offended. Teasing is a si
26、gn that you are liked, in spite of your faults. Among regulars, everyone is subjected to at least some teasing even the most kind and popular person will be found to have some quality worth laughing at. If the natives did not like you, they would not tease you, but would simply ignore and avoid you.
27、 How to join in As a newcomer, it is best to show that you can laugh at yourself before making fun of your new acquaintances. You may not be able to match the dry wit and quick response of native pub-goers, but as a foreigner, you do have two advantages. First, British pub-goers tend to regard all f
28、oreigners as instinctively funny. If you are prepared to laugh at yourself, all of your apparent disadvantages such as language difficulties, unfamiliarity with native customs, ignorance about British beer etc. are potential sources of amusement. Second, regulars may well be bored with each others f
29、amiliar jokes, and will welcome any fresh material you can offer. 1 Pub etiquette focuses mainly on _. （ A） the content of the conversation （ B） the participants of the conversation （ C） the form of the conversation （ D） the length of the conversation 2 When pub regulars greet each other, they often
30、 _. （ A） speak invented language （ B） give friendly greetings （ C） speak strange language （ D） give impolite greetings 3 Why is it necessary for someone who first enters a pub to greet before ordering? （ A） Because the regulars will buy him a drink. （ B） Because the bar staff will offer him discount
31、. （ C） Because it will make his future contact easier. （ D） Because it will make him feel at home. 4 What principles does the etiquette of pub-arguments reflect? （ A） Interest, interaction, the pursuit of happiness and a non-aggression agreement. （ B） Equality, interaction, the pursuit of intimacy a
32、nd a non-aggression agreement. （ C） Diversity, amusement, the pursuit of dream and a non-aggression agreement. （ D） Distinctiveness, happiness, a sense of humor and a non-aggression agreement. 5 When a pub staff takes part in a pub-argument, it suggests that_. （ A） people are quarreling （ B） the arg
33、ument is private （ C） the argument is secret （ D） the argument is public 6 When free-association is involved, pub talks may _. （ A） rarely evolve logically （ B） have a central point （ C） end with a conclusion （ D） be rarely in random sideways leaps 7 What does it mean if the other pub regulars make
34、fun of you? （ A） It means that you need to be upset. （ B） It means that they dislike you. （ C） It indicates that they like you. （ D） It means that you are not humorous. 8 The etiquette of pub-arguments is that pub-goers should not _. 9 You can begin to talk in free-association after you are sure tha
35、t_. 10 All of your obvious disadvantages as a foreigner will become sources of amusement when _ 10 It seems you always forget your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the【 11】 , your credit card when you are shopping. Such absent-mindedness may be【 12】 to yo
36、u. Now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that【 13】 everything the user sees. The glasses can play back memories【 14】 to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also allow the user to “label“ items so informatio
37、n can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory【 15】 certain items by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a blank label on a screen inside the glasses mat the user then【 16】 in. It could be used in【 17】 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts
38、or by electricians wiring complicated a device. A spokesman for the project, said: “A car【 18】 for instance could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. “For the【 19】 the system could highlight accident black spots or dangers on the road.“
39、In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, indicating points of【 20】 or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified. A. later B. motorists C. moisture D. noticeable E. frustrating F. fills G. dashing H. necessity I. record J. halts K. cleane
40、rs L. mechanic M. industrial N. interest O. identifying 11 【 11】 12 【 12】 13 【 13】 14 【 14】 15 【 15】 16 【 16】 17 【 17】 18 【 18】 19 【 19】 20 【 20】 20 The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you
41、will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. You are easily annoyed, bothered, and irritated. Patience adds a dimension of ease and acceptance to your life. Its essential for inner peace. Becoming mor
42、e patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you dont like it. If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It
43、 might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff“. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is
44、to create actual practice periods periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What youll discover is truly am
45、azing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know its only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone (里程碑 ) five minutes of successful patience youll begin
46、 to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. Youll see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isnt “life or death“ but simply a mino
47、r obstacle that must be dealt with. Without patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings, and high blood pressure. 21 In the first paragraph, the expression“building a mental snowball“ can be best replaced by_. （ A） imagining a big snowba
48、ll （ B） awaiting a result calmly （ C） taking a deep breath （ D） losing your patience 22 The main idea of the first paragraph is that _. （ A） it takes a long time to cultivate patience （ B） patience is very important for us （ C） patience is essential for inner peace （ D） being late is “small stuff“ 2
49、3 Its implied in the second paragraph that _. （ A） the quality of patience is very hard to cultivate （ B） patience should become a school course （ C） youll get more than expected from practicing patience （ D） the quality of patience will lead you to success 24 People without patience will treat the challenge as _. （ A） a minor thing （ B） a matter of life or death （ C） the small stuff （ D） a great chance 25 The purpose of this passage is to_. （ A） persuade people to be more patient （
