1、生态旅游练习试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Tourism and Environment in the Mediterranean The Mediterranean Countries as a whole account for one third of the world international tourism. In 1
2、990, 72 million international tourists and 62 million domestic tourists visited the Mediterranean coastal region. Although the highest concentration has traditionally been on the northern shores, the trend is towards a more even distribution around the entire basin. At the same time, the Mediterrane
3、an Region - characterised by its particular climate - is considered as a terrestrial biodiversity “hotspot“, this being defined as an area of exceptional endemism, having more than 1,500 vascular plants, and where over 70% of the natural habitat has been lost. In fact, the Mediterranean region large
4、ly meets these criteria, since it has about 13,000 endemic plants with only very little habitat left. Favourite tourist areas and biodiversity hotspots largely coincide in the Mediterranean coastal regions. This constitutes both an asset and a liability. The occupation of coastal areas by tourist in
5、frastructures, including associated urbanisation, roads, marinas, golf courses, secondary homes, etc, leads to destruction of vulnerable terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands. Tourists demand water supply per capita at a higher rate than local inhabitants and at a time of water scarcity, in summer, th
6、us leading to oversized facilities for both supply and treatment. Marine ecosystems suffer from water sports, anchoring, and waste disposal. Forest flies are multiplied by negligence and sometimes by criminal acts. These liabilities are however compensated by a major consideration, namely that all M
7、editerranean countries are heavily dependent on tourism to improve their balance of payments. Hence, the continued destruction of their coastal environments and natural amenities would jeopardise this much coveted tourism development. By 2025, in the case of a weak traditional development scenario,
8、the number of domestic tourists in the Mediterranean region would reach 140 million and the number of international tourists 93 million, whereas in the case of a strong and sustainable development scenario, these figures could reach 220 million and 143 million respectively. The challenge is to make
9、such tourism development sustainable. In this respect, a greater attention to biodiversity can be most significant. More coastal ecosystems - terrestrial and marine - should be protected and existing protected areas should be strengthened. Management of these areas should include improved facilities
10、 for “interpretation“ for visitors, including in marine, mountaineering and skiing resorts. More should be made of local biodiversity as a tourist attraction. Combination of cultural and natural elements, for instance in biosphere reserves, should be provided to tourists in the form of properly mana
11、ged “ecotourism“. Traditional agricultural products and crafts of quality should be promoted. If properly established the link between tourism and biodiversity in the Mediterranean constitutes a major asset for the region. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following pas
12、sage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 中国的生态旅游研讨会 旅行给游客带来了很多乐趣，然而旅游业的发展却给环境带来不少问题，严重的甚至扰乱到社会秩序。联合国环境规划署委员会针对这些问题，提出了发展 “生态旅游 ”的新策略。 国际旅 游协会将生态旅行定义为具有保护自然环境和维护当地人民福利双重责任的旅游活动。 今年八月， 20多位专家学者，包括生态旅游专家、来自世界野生动物基金的官员和一些地方相关团体，举办了一次研讨会，共同为世界遗产九寨沟的扎如沟草拟发展生态旅游的方案。 扎如沟位处我国四川省北部，拥有 5290多平
13、方千米的广阔区域，是 140多种鸟类和大量濒临灭绝种的动植物的栖息生长地区，其中还包括国宝大熊猫和金丝猴。 最近一次世界野生动物基金会的调查表明，大众旅游不仅会对扎如沟地区产生负面影响，而且还会殃及周边自然保护区 。 游客到处乱弃垃圾，制造废水，再加上这一地区大兴土木，建造旅游设施，这一切都严重破坏了当地的生态环境和文化氛围。 参加研讨会的专家一致认为，在扎如沟地区发展生态旅游应遵循以下几条原则：限制旅客人数，减少道路建设；鼓励当地团体积极参与管理；对游客进行环保教育；以及重点保护藏族文化。 一位专家指出： “把保护生物多样化和旅游管理合理结合起来，能够产生更好的效益；而损坏环境的做法无异于杀
14、鸡取卵。 ” 生态旅游练习试卷 3答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 地中海的旅游和环境问题 地中海各国的旅游业占据了全世界国际旅游业的三分之一份额。 1990年，地中海沿海地区吸引了多达 7200万名国外游客和 6200万名国内游客。一直以来，游客大都集中在地中海北部的沿海区域，但是现在渐渐出现了游人向整个海域均匀分散 的趋势。 地
15、中海地区以其特殊的气候著称，是一个具有陆地生物多样性特点的 “热区 ”。所谓 “热区 ”，也就是指具有罕见的地方性特征的地区，拥有 1500种以上导管植物，同时已经丧失超过 70%的自然生物栖息地。事实上，地中海地区现有 13000种地方性植物，生物栖息地几乎丧失殆尽，大体上符合生态热区的定义。而且在地中海的沿海地带，旅游热点恰巧大多也正是生态热区。这既是笔资产，也是笔负债。 旅游基础设施大量侵占沿海土地，其中包括相关的城市化建设、道路、游艇船坞、高尔夫球场和度假屋等，这对脆弱的陆地生态系统和湿地 造成了严重的破坏。游客的人均水需求量高于当地居民，夏季是供水紧张季节，因此当地不得不添设特大型供
16、水设备和水处理设备。水上运动、船只停泊和废水处理正在危害海洋生态系统。而由于玩忽职守或犯罪行为所造成的森林大火则成倍增加。 但是地中海各国若要改善收支平衡，都得大大依赖旅游业，这便抵消了人们对破坏大自然行为的顾虑，于是，破坏沿海自然环境和天然优势的行为一直得以继续，从而势必危及该地区令人垂涎的旅游业的发展。倘若沿着这种不健康的方向发展下去，到 2025年，到地中海地区旅游的国内游客将只能达到 1.4亿人次，国外 游客9300万人次；而采用可持续的健康的发展方式，两者分别可望达到 2.2亿和 1.43亿人次。问题的关键在于确保旅游业发展的可持续性。 谈到可持续性，更加关注生物多样性或许是非常重要
17、的。我们应该为更多的沿海生态系统 包括陆地和海洋的 提供保护措施，并加强对现有保护区的保护力度。这些地区的管理措施应该包括：在海滨、登山和滑雪等度假区配备先进设备，向游客解释生态保护知识；进一步将当地生物多样性的特点发展成为旅游业的一大卖点；在生物保护区等地区将文化和自然要素相结合，以妥善经营的 “生态旅游 ”方式向游客推出 ；积极推广优质传统农产品和手工艺品。如果能把地中海地区的旅游业和生物多样性合理地结合起来，这将成为该地区的一笔巨大资产。 【知识模块】 生态旅游 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the
18、 following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 A Workshop on China Ecotour While traveling is a lot of fun for the tourists, the development of tourism also brings troubles for the environment, some of which even upset the public order. In view of these problems, the
19、 UNEP has put forward a new strategy with ecotourism at its core. As defined by the International Tourism Society, ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people. Last August, over 20 ecotourism experts, including WWF (Wor
20、ld Wildlife Fund) officials and some related local organizations, attended a workshop aimed at drafting an ecotourism plan for the Zharugou Valley in the Jiuzhaigou World Heritage Site. The 5,290-square-kilometre area in northern Sichuan is home to 140 bird species and a great number of endangered p
21、lants and animals, including the giant panda and golden monkey. A recent investigation by WWF found that mass tourism to Zharugou would have negative impact not only on the region, but also on surrounding nature reserves. Littering and waste water from tourists as well as construction of tourist fac
22、ilities in the area are polluting the surroundings both environmentally and culturally. At the workshop, participants reached an agreement on the main principles for developing ecotourism in the Zharugou area: the number of tourists should be limited, as should road construction; the participation o
23、f local communities should be encouraged; educational opportunities for visitors to learn about nature should be established; and an emphasis should be put on the Tibetan culture. “Integrating biodiversity conservation into tourism planning can result in bettor business for the industry,“ said an expert, “Destroying the environment would be considered synonymous with killing the goose that lays the golden egg.“ 【知识模块】 生态旅游
