[外语类试卷]笔译二级实务模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 A few months back, Desalegn Godebos wife descended into a feverish delirium. “It was as if she were mad, “he said, shuddering at the memory.” she was scratching me like a crazy woman.“ Before a new road was built through this village,

2、 Godebo would have loaded his wife onto his back and hiked six hours along narrow dirt paths to the small city of Awasa. Instead, he lifted her into a truck for the one-hour ride to town. Her condition was diagnosed as malaria and typhoid. She is well now and back home caring for their baby. The dir

3、t-and-gravel road may look like a timeless feature of the Great Rift Valley (东非大裂谷 ). But it is part of a huge public road-building project that is slowly hauling one of the poorest, hungriest nations on earth into modernity. The people who live along it divide time into two eras: Before the Road an

4、d After the Road. Because of the road, people can take their sick to the hospital and their children to distant schools. Farmers like Godebo who had only their own feet or a donkeys back for transport can now transport their crops to market. Ethiopia, an agricultural society where most farmers still

5、 live more than a half-days walk from roads, has been especially hobbled by their absence. Support for roads in Africa, particularly from the World Bank, is growing again after a decade of decline in the 1990s. Then the bank reduced lending for roads. Road-building is coming back in style as a way t

6、o combat rural poverty in Africa. While no one expects roads alone to end the chronic hunger faced by millions of Ethiopians or the famines that loom periodically, most development experts agree that they are a precondition for progress and are essential to the success of the Green Revolution, which

7、 produces abundance in much of Asia but bypasses Africa. SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of the

8、ir use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these

9、 chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from

10、such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birds and in man himself. For these chemicals arc now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mothers milk, and probably

11、in the tissues of the unborn child. All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chem

12、ical warfare, some of the chemicals created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man. The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides. What sets the new s

13、ynthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect t

14、he body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain ceils the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy. 3 The theory of evolution by natural selection was p

15、ut forward in the 1850s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who wa

16、s a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Mens Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyors apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two

17、traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these

18、 traditions do not come together until the theory of evolution; because until then there is a paradox which cannot be resolved, which cannot be begun, about life. The paradox of the life sciences, which makes them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. We see

19、 it about us in the birds, the trees, the grass, the snails, in every living thing. It is this, the manifestations of life, its expressions, its forms, are so diverse that they must contain a large element of the accidental. And yet the nature of life is so uniform that it must be constrained by man

20、y necessities. So it is not surprising that biology as we understand it begins with naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries: observers of the countryside, bird-watchers, clergymen, doctors, gentlemen of leisure in country houses. I am tempted to call them, simply, “gentlemen in Victorian England“

21、, because it cannot be an accident that the theory of evolution is conceived twice by two men living at the same time in the same culture the culture of Queen Victoria in England. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 五十年在人类历史长河中不过是短暂的瞬间,但在西藏这片古老而神奇的土地上,却发生了以往任何时代都无法比拟的巨大变化。西藏告别了贫穷落后、封闭停滞的封

22、建农奴制社会,走向了不断进步,文明开放的现代人民民主社会。现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的成就。 历史证明西藏的现代化离不开祖国的现代化,祖国的现代化也不能没有西藏的现代化。没有西藏的现代化,祖国的现代化就不完整,不全面。没有祖国的独立和富强,就没有西藏社会的新生和发展。西藏走向现代化符合世界历史潮流和人类社会发展规律,体现了西藏人民的根本利益与愿望 。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 避暑山庄位于承德市区北部,是清代最大的皇家园林。 清朝康熙皇帝在为巩固多民族国家的统一,安塞固疆的多次北巡途中,见这里风景秀丽,气候宜人,离京师又近,遂于 1

23、703年在此修建避暑山庄。此项工程历经康熙、乾隆两代,用了 87年时间才告完工。康熙、乾隆每年有半年时间在这里避暑和处理政务。清朝以后,山庄遭到严重破坏。解放后,人民政府把山庄列为全国重点文物保护单位,并拨巨款进行修复,使之成为国内外 游客消夏和游览的场所。 避暑山庄规模宏大,占地 560万平方米,宫墙长达 20华里。山庄分宫殿区和苑景区两部分,景观丰富,秀丽如画。整个山庄楼堂殿阁鳞次栉比,寺观庵斋遍布山壑;绿草如茵,林木苍翠;山峦起伏,峡谷幽深。 6 半个世纪以来,和平共处五项原则经受住了时间的考验,为维护亚洲和世界的和平与稳定,促进国际关系的健康发展,做出了不可磨灭的贡献。 进入新世纪,世

24、界形势与国际关系都在发生复杂深刻的变化。和平与发展依然是当今时代的主题。维护和平、促进发展,是各国人民共同的强烈愿望。 和平共处五项原则作为指导国际关系的基本准则,仍然具有重大的现实意义。实践已证明并将继续证明,五项原则既适用于社会制度相同的国家,也适用于社会制度不同的国家;既适用于发展中国家,也适用于发达国家;既适用于国家间的政治关系,也适用于国家间的经济关系。 中国必须走建设具有中国特色社会主义的道路。它将在维护和促进世界和平中发展自己。作为拥有 13亿人口的发展中大国,中国将一如既往、坚定不移地奉行和平共处五项原则。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compuls

25、ory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 几个月以前,德撒林 ?高德宝的妻子因发烧而精神错乱。高德宝想起当时的情景就不寒而栗。他说: “她当时就像疯子一样。她用指甲抓我,简直是个疯子。 ” 过去这个村子不通公路,高德宝就得背上妻子顺着狭窄的土路走上六个钟头,上小城阿瓦萨去看病。这一次就不用了,他把妻子扶上一辆卡车,一个小时就进了小城。经诊断,她得了疟疾和伤寒。现在她已经好了,又回到家里照顾孩子了。 这条石子路可能看上去很像东非大裂谷的一个永恒的标志;其实不然,它是一 项宏伟的筑路工程的一部分,这项公共工程正逐渐推动世界上贫穷、饥饿最为严重的国家之一走向现代化。

26、沿路的百姓把时间分为两个时代: “修路前 ”和 “修路后 ”。因为修了这条路,大家就能把病人送到医院去看病,把孩子送到远处去上学。像高德宝这样的农民,过去全靠自己的双脚,或用驴子来驮东西,现在也能把自己种的东西运到市场上去卖了。 埃塞俄比亚是一个农业国,至今大部分农民要走半天的时间才能走上公路,因此,没有公路一直对埃塞俄比亚的发展影响很大。 非洲筑路得到的援助,尤其是世界银行的援助, 20世纪 90年 代逐渐减少,现在又逐渐增加了。当时世界银行削减了筑路的贷款。 筑路工程现在又轰轰烈烈地恢复起来,这是非洲农村战胜贫困的一条出路。 虽然谁也不指望只靠修路就能解除千百万埃塞俄比亚人长期忍受的饥饿之

27、苦,就能消除不时出现的饥荒之灾,然而致力于发展的专家们一致认为,修路是取得进步的先决条件,也是绿色革命成功的基础。当年绿色革命在亚洲广大地区取得了丰硕的成果,却与非洲失之交臂。 【试题解析】 1 A few months back, Desalegn Godebos wife descended into a feverish delirium. 几个月以前,德撒林 ?高德宝的妻子因发烧而精神错乱。 分析 理解表达采分点。 back可指 “(时间 )以前 ”,如: That was a few years back. 那是几年以前的事。所以,原文中的状语 a few months back译成

28、 “几个月前 ”。 descend指 “下降 ”,在这里应该是选用 “陷入 ”的含义,因后面跟的 delirium指一种病态,所以该词可以省译。形容词 feverish在这里直接作定语,修饰 delirium(精神错乱 ),所以翻译成“由于发烧而精神错乱 ”。 2 shuddering at the memory想起当时的情景就不寒而栗 分析 理解表达采分点。 介词短语 at the memory译成 “一想起 /想起当时的情景 ”。 3 Before a new road was built through this village, Godebo would have loaded his

29、 wife onto his back and hiked six hours along narrow dirt paths to the small city of Awasa. 过去这个村子不通公路,高德宝就得背上妻子顺着狭窄的土路走上六个钟头,上小城阿瓦萨去看病。 分析 理解表达采分点。 如果状语从句 Before a new road was built through this village译成 “在这个村子通公路之前 ”的话,所表达的意思没有错误,但不符合汉语习惯,所以译成 “过去这个村子不通公路 ”。另外,采用增词的方法翻译 to the small city of Awas

30、a, 增加“看病 ”两个字, 即 “上小城阿瓦萨去看病 ”。 4 Instead, he lifted her into a truck for the one-hour ride to town. 这一次就不用了,他把妻子扶上一辆卡车,一个小时就进了小城。 分析 理解表达采分点。 首先, instead要翻译出来,最好译成 “现在,这一次 ”。 lift不能译成 “举起 ”,根据上下文的意思,他要把妻子放到车上,所以用 “扶 ”更好。 5 Her condition was diagnosed as malaria and typhoid. 经诊断,她得了疟疾和伤寒。 分析 理解结构采分点及

31、用词选词采分点。 condition一词可以省译,用 “她 ”做主语即可。句中的被动语态译成主动语态。 diagnose指 “诊断,判断 ”。 malaria意为 “疟疾 ”。 typhoid指 “伤寒症 ”。 6 But it is part of a huge public road-building Project that is slowly hauling one of the poorest, hungriest nations on earth into modernity. 其实不然,它是一项宏伟的筑路工程的一部分,这项公共工程正逐渐推动世界上贫穷、饥饿最为严重的国家之一走向现

32、代化。 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句要用断句的方式进行翻译。 that is slowly hauling one of the poorest, hungriest nations on earth into modernity可翻译成一个小分句 “这项公共工程正逐渐推动世界上贫穷、饥饿最为严重的国家之一走向现代化 ”。 haulinto 翻 译成 “推动 进入 ”。 modernity译成 “现代化 ”。 7 The people who live along it divide time into two eras: Before the Road and After the Road.

33、 沿路的百姓把时间分为两个时代: “修路前 ”和 “修路后 ”。 分析 理解表达采分点。 代词 it要翻译出它的本义 “路 ”。 Before the Road and After the Road的 Road在翻译时要用增词的方式加上 “修 ”字。 8 Ethiopia, an agricultural society where most farmers still live more than a half-days walk from roads, has been especially hobbled by their absence. 埃塞俄比亚是一个农业国,至今大部分农民要走半天

34、的时间才能走上公路,因此,没有公路一直对埃塞俄比亚的发展影响很大。 分析 理解结构采分点及基本素质采分点。 该句为复合句,可采用断句的方法分成三部分,译成三个独 立句子。整个句子的主语 Ethiopia, an agricultural society译成一个单独的句子 “埃塞俄比亚是一个农业国 ”。从句部分 where most farmers still live more than a half-days walk from roads可以译成另一个句子 “至今大部分农民要走半天的时间才能走上公路 ”。整个句子的谓语部分 has been especially hobbled by th

35、eir absence译成 “没有公路一直对埃塞俄比亚的发展影响很大 ”。 Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚 (非洲东部国家 )。 hobble,常见词义为 “蹒跚 ”,在这里应选用其 “妨碍,束缚住,影响 ”这个词义。 absence指“缺席,缺乏 ”。这里的 absence根据上下文应指公路的缺少,即没有公路。 9 Then the bank reduced lending for roads. 当时世界银行削减了筑路的贷款。 分析 理解表达采分点。 Then,在这里是指 “当时 ”的意思,即 20世纪 90年代,而非指 “然后,于是 ”。这句中的 bank指的是上句中的 “世界银行 ”,所以应

36、该翻译完整。 10 Road-building is coming back in style as a way to combat rural poverty in Africa. 筑路工程现在又轰轰烈烈地恢复起来,这是非洲农村战胜贫困的一条出路。 分析 理解表达采分点。 in style指 “别具风格地;时髦地,流行地;很成功地 ”。这里根据文章内容,修路是一项活动,所以,应选择 “轰轰烈烈 ”来表示 “恢复 ”。 as a way to combat rural poverty in Africa中的 as可以直译成 “作为 方式 ”,把整个介词短语放在句首,也可以译成一句:这是非洲农村

37、战胜贫困的一条出路。 11 While no one expects roads alone to end the chronic hunger faced by millions of Ethiopians or the famines that loom periodically, most development experts agree that they are a precondition for progress and are essential to the success of the Green Revolution, which produces abundance

38、in much of Asia but bypasses Africa. 虽然谁也不指望只靠修路就能解除千百万埃塞俄比亚人长期忍受的饥饿之苦,就能消除不时出现的饥荒之灾,然而致力于发展的专家们一致认为,修路是取得进步的先决条件,也是绿色革命成功的基础。当年绿色革命在亚洲广大地区取得了丰硕的成果,却与非洲失之交臂。 分析 理解结构采分点及理解表 达采分点。 首先采用断句的方式把 While no one expects roads.the success of the Green Revolution翻译成一个句子。后面的非限定性定语从句译成另外一个句子。 While做连词有以下几种含义 “当

39、的时候,和 同时;但是,然而;虽然;尽管 ”。在这里首句为一个让步状语从句,因此应选择最后一层含义,即 “虽然 ” 。 alone不译成 “单独的 ”,在本句中指的是 “仅仅,只 ”。 development experts如果直接翻译为 “发展专家 ”不符合汉语习惯 ,实际上指的是 “致力于发展的专家 ”。从句 they are a precondition for progress中的代词 they在翻译时不能译成“它们 ”,这样指代不清,应该译成 “修路 ”。 bypass指 “绕开,避开,从旁边经过 ”。 but bypasses Africa如果译成 “绕过非洲 ”,不通顺,所以可以

40、用更书面的语言来表达,即 “与非洲擦肩而过 ”或 “没能在这里展开 ”。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 现在人类的每一个 成员,从妊娠之初到寿终正寝,都在被迫接触危险的化学制品,在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。在使用合成杀虫剂的不到 20年的时间里,杀虫剂在生物界和非生物界广泛使用,结果弄得到处都是。各大水系大都含有这种杀虫剂,就连看不见的在地下流动的暗流里也能找到。这些化学制品可能是 10多年前施用的,但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物,并停留在其体内,使得做动物实验的

41、科学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。已经发现这种化学制品存在于偏僻山间、湖泊里的鱼身上,存在于松土的 蚯蚓身上,存在于鸟蛋里地 甚至存在于人身上。因为现在绝大多数人,不论年龄,体内都存有这种化学制品。母亲的乳汁里也有,未出世的婴儿的组织里可能也有。 这些情况之所以产生,是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展,这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。在研制用于化学战的制剂的过程中,发现实验室里产生的某些化学品具有杀虫的作用。这也不是偶然发现的:为研制杀人制剂而进行的化学实验中曾广泛地使用昆虫。 结果是各种合成杀虫剂似乎层出不穷。 新的合成杀虫剂的特

42、 殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。它们的能量很大,不但能释放毒性,还能进入肌体内最重要的过程,并使之发生有害的,而且往往是致命的变化。就这样,我们将会看到,它们能破坏酶,而酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害;它们能阻碍氧化作用,而氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉;它们能妨害各个器官正常发挥作用;它们还可能在某些细胞里引起缓慢的无法恢复的变化,最终导致癌变。 【试题解析】 1 For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemica

43、ls, from the moment of conception until death. 现在人类的每一个成员,从妊娠之初到寿终正寝,都在被迫接触危险的化学制品,在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。 分析 用词选词采分点。 subject.to.指 “使 遭受到 ” 。 conception指 “概念,观念;妊娠 ”。介词短语 from the moment of conception until death放在句子的开头最先翻译,即,“从妊娠之初到寿终正寝 ”。 2 In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pest

44、icides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. 在使用合成杀虫剂的不到 20年的时间里,杀虫剂在生物界和非生物界广泛 使用,结果弄得到处都是。 分析 用词选词采分点。 在翻译 their use时要把 synthetic pesticides补充进去,以使意思更易理解,译成“使用合成杀虫剂 ”。 synthetic指 “合成的 ”。 3 Residues of these chemicals li

45、nger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. 这些化学制品可能是 10多年前施用的,但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。 分析 用词选词采分点。 定语从句的翻译。 residue指 “残余,剩余物 ”。 linger指 “徘徊,逗留 ”,但根据其后面所跟的 “土壤 ”,该词应引申翻译为 “残存,存留 ”。 4 They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so

46、 universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. 这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物,并停留在其体内,使得做动物实验的科学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。 分析 用词选词采分点。 lodge指 “容纳,寄存,沉积 ”,此处应选择 “沉淀,沉积 ”的含义。 universally是“非常普遍地 ”的意思。 .free from such conta

47、mination指 “免于污染,没有受过 污染的 ”。 5 All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. 这些情况之所以产生,是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展,这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。 分析 理解结构采分点。 用 断句法翻译这个简单句。 All this has come a

48、bout because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry翻译为 “这些情况之所以产生,是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展 ”。后面的短语部分 for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties增加主语 an industry翻译成另一句话,即, “这一产业专门生产具有杀 虫效力的人造或合成化学制品 ”。 come about意为 “发生,产生,发生转向 ”。 prodigious指 “庞大的,异常的 ”。

49、 prodigious growth指 “大量发展 ”,引申为 “迅速发展 ”。 Property在通常我们常见的含义中有“财产,所有物 ”等。在这里应该选用其另外一个含义 “性能,功能 ”。 6 This industry is a child of the Second World War.这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。 分析 用词选词采分点。 短语 child of sth. /sb.指 “某人或某物的孩子 ”。这里主语是事件,那么应该是说这一结果是某一事件的产物,即 “这一工业是二战的产物 ”。 7 What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. 新的合成杀虫剂的特殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句为一个主语从句。 what sets the new synthetic insecticides apart.是本句的主语。相当于 the thing which sets the n

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