1、笔译二级实务（综合）模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegant girls. 2 At the same time it is agreed t
2、hat all Americans, whatever their origins, must learn to speak English clearly and fluently, and that they must learn to adapt themselves to the American way of life. 3 In the middle of the 19th century, the people of the USA were still predominantly “Anglo-Saxon“ , but even before the flood of non-
3、 “Anglo-Saxon“ immigrants, the Americans were already far more American than they were British. 4 KGB and CIA both operated clandestinely concealing their activities not so much from the “opposition“ (they couldnt) as from their own peoples. 5 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They pre
4、fer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. They are prepared to take the initiative, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They will take any sor
5、t of job anywhere rather than be unemployed. They do not care to be looked after by the government. The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life. 6 Although no longer slaves after the Civil War, American blacks took no significant part in the life of w
6、hite America except as servants and laborers. 7 Life itself led Jack London to reject this approach in his writing. As a newsboy, sailor, millhand, stoker, tramp, and janitor, he came to know all there was to know about the life of the underdog. 8 The English arrived in North America with hopes of d
7、uplicating the exploits of the Spanish in South America, where explorers had discovered immense fortunes in gold and silver. Although Spain and England shared a pronounced lust for wealth, differences between the two cultures were profound. 9 Not long ago, we Americans had a pretty good idea of what
8、 family meant. But today, with people living together in so many different combinations, “family“ is much harder to define. When it comes to family values, I find that Americans may be saying one thing and doing another. The real picture is that the American family is suffering a crisis of collapsin
9、g. 10 I read some of my poetry aloud to them, but it was casting pearls before swine. They obviously didnt understand a word of it and soon started yawning, looking at their watches and fidgeting in their chairs. 11 Satiric Literature Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its fr
10、eshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affec
11、ted. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. N
12、one of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspected before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the s
13、atiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and s
14、econdhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing
15、stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and
16、 read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent peop
17、le know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed. 12 American Folk Art What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks“ who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for port
18、raits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained an increasing number of
19、 such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands. The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England especially Connecticut and Massachusetts for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after
20、the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and the portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century2 as a nation, the United States population had increased roughly
21、 five times, and eleven new states had been added to original thirteen. During these years, the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention
22、 put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional. But in the heyday of portrait painting from the late eighteenth century until the 1850s anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could b
23、ecome a limner, as such a portraitist3 was called. Local craftspeople sign, coach, and house painters began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; art
24、ists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvasses, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 13 黄女士忍不住也往那班人望了一眼，却看见有两个男的正在对张女士做媚眼，另有两个女的和一个男的在哝哝唧唧议论着 雪白西装领上一个油光晶亮的头和两个烫得蓬蓬松松的头凑成个 “品 ”
25、字。 14 摊主猛地站了起来，把大蒲扇一掼，愤愤地说： “娘，他们哪是叫我削香蕉皮，是要剥我们中国人的脸皮啊，你知道吗 ?”骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片 “知了 ”、 “知了 ”的蝉声。 15 俗话说得好，叫做 “杀鸡吓猴 ”，拿鸡子宰了，那猴儿自然害怕。 16 如果我们连党八股也打倒了，那就算对于主观主义和宗派主义最后地 “将一军 ”，弄得这两个怪物原形毕露， “老鼠过街，人人喊打 ”，这两个怪物也就容易消灭了。 17 宝玉心中想道： “难道这也是个痴丫头，又像颦儿来葬花不成 ?”因又自叹道：“若真也葬花，可谓 东施效颦 ，不但不为新特，且更可厌了。 ” 18 没有一个人将小草叫做 “大力
26、士 ”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。 19 普及工作若是永远停留在一个水平上 那么，教育者和被教育者岂不都是半斤八两 ? 20 “还有一位中国留学生更怪诞， ”沈老说， “大学毕业后没找到职业，就在巴黎下层社会瞎混，三教九流都认识，连下等妓院的情况 都了如指掌。 ” 21 三月里刘熏宇君来信，说互生病了，而且是没有希望的病，医生说只好等日子了。四月底在时事新报上见到立达学校的通告，想不到这么快互生就殁了。 22 年复一年，女人在女儿、妻子、母亲中熬白了头发，可是回首往事时，依然是那句朴素的 “我愿意 ”，这时的女人，纵然是布衣钗裙也好，洗尽了铅华也罢，都是最美的。 23 汉族人的宗教 从
27、历史上看，汉族没有统一的宗教。汉族人的神很多，大致可以分为三类。 一类是古代的神，他们都有明确的职责，如掌管宇宙的玉皇大帝，掌管吃喝和一家祸 福的灶神，掌管雨水的龙王，象征长寿的南极寿星。 第二类神是吸收了其他宗教的神而来的，如佛教的如来、弥勒、观音，道教的太上老君和赵公元帅。太上老君是道家对春秋时期有名的哲学家老子的尊称；至于赵公元帅，老百姓把他供作财神。 第三类是历史或传说中的名人，也包括能工巧匠，如关帝，也就是三国时期蜀国的大将关羽，他以忠诚、勇敢、正直而闻名。再就是三国时期的名医华佗，还有手艺高超的木匠鲁班等等。 24 说 “席 ” 古人坐在地上，屁股底下有块长方形的草垫子，叫做 “席
28、 ”，席是老祖宗表达尊卑、区分你我 、划清势力范围的一个妙单位。这个单位，可以在必要的时候一分为二，叫做 “割席 ”。任安与田仁在平阳公主家，被安排 “与骑奴同席而食 ”，两人不大高兴，就把席一割，表示不同席；管宁与华歆在一起念书，门外有车马之声，华歆起来看热闹，回来就被管宁割席，说你格调这么低， “子非吾友也 !”这两个故事，都含义很深，都说明了 “同席 ”是有规矩的。 不但同席有规矩，同席的细节也多得很，东边主位是 “首席 ”，西边敬陪末座的是“席末 ”，我们现在常用的 “出席 ”、 “入席 ”、 “筵席 ”、 “酒席 ”、 “离席 ”、 “逃席 ”、 “缺席 ”、 “主席 ”等等，都 是
29、从这儿变出来的。因为席有这么多名堂，所以有 “避席而请 ”、 “越席而对 ”、 “侧席而坐 ”、 “父子不同席 ”、 “男女不同席 ”、 “席不正不坐 ”等种种典故。 笔译二级实务（综合）模拟试卷 2答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 谚语是凝聚着智慧的通俗话语，它使得拉丁美洲人的言谈生动活泼。从大学教授到田野农夫，从市井乞丐到摩登女郎，大家都在使用谚语。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 同时，大家一致认为，所有的 美国人，无论来自哪里，都必须学会讲清晰流利的英语，都必须学会适应美国的生活方式。 【知识
30、模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 19世纪中叶，美国人口中 “盎格鲁一撒克逊人 ”仍然占绝大多数，但即使在非 “盎格鲁一撒克逊 ”移民涌入美国之前，早先移居美国的 “盎格鲁一撒克逊 ”族也早已是美国人而不是英国人了。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 克格勃和中央情报局都从事秘密活动，与其说不让对方知道 (这办不到 )，毋宁说不让本国人民知道。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 多数美国人都精力 充沛、热情奔放。他们宁愿自律，而不愿受制于他人。他们为能够独立行事、有权作出自己的决定而感到自豪。他们做事会采取主动，即使要冒风险也在所不惜。他们有勇气，从不轻易屈服。他们愿意到任何地方去
31、做任何事情，而不愿失业。他们不在乎政府的眷顾。普通的美国人退休前会换九至十次工作。 【知识模块】 英译汉 6 【正确答案】 虽然南北战争以后美国黑人不再是奴隶，但是他们在白人主宰的美国社会生活中，依然无足轻重，只不过充当仆人和劳工而已。 【知识模块】 英译汉 7 【正确答案】 生活本身促使杰克 -伦敦在写 作中放弃这种方式。作为报童、水手、工人、锅炉工、流浪汉、看门人，他深知受苦人的生活。 【知识模块】 英译汉 8 【正确答案】 英国人来到北美时，希望获得西班牙人开拓南美洲时所取得的同样的业绩，在此之前西班牙的探险者在南美洲发现了大批金银财宝。虽然西班牙和英国都同样明显地贪图财富，但是两国的文
32、化却存在着深刻的差异。 【知识模块】 英译汉 9 【正确答案】 不久前，我们美国人有很好的家庭观念。可是今天，由于人们以多种方式结合生活在一起， “家庭 ”的概念已经很难界定了。说起家庭观念，我发现美国人 有时言不由衷。实际情况是，美国家庭正经历一场瓦解的危机。 【知识模块】 英译汉 10 【正确答案】 我给他们朗诵了我写的几首诗，可却是对牛弹琴。他们显然一个字也不懂，不一会儿他们就开始打哈欠，看手表，在椅子上烦躁不安。 【知识模块】 英译汉 11 【正确答案】 讽刺文学 或许讽刺文学最突出的特点是它的清新和视角独创。讽刺文学很少给人以原创的思想，但是它却将人们熟悉的事情以全新的形式展现出来。
33、讽刺作家并不给人以新的哲学理念。他们所做的只是从某一视角来看待一些为人熟知的事情，在这 一视角下，这些事情显得愚蠢不堪、充满危害而又矫揉造作。讽刺作品将我们从自鸣得意中震醒，让我们既愉快又惊诧地看到，我们从未质疑、全盘接受的价值观中，有很多都是错误的。唐吉诃德使得骑士精神显得荒谬可笑；美丽新世界嘲笑了科学的自诩；一个小小的建议则建议食用人肉，使饥饿问题戏剧化。这些思想中没有一条是原创的：在塞万提斯之前就有人怀疑骑士精神；在赫胥黎之前人文主义者就反对宣称纯科学的至高无上；在斯威夫特之前人们就已经意识到饥荒问题。并不是思想的独创而使得讽刺文学受人欢迎，而是它的表述方式、嘲讽方法使得它趣 味横生、有
34、娱乐性。人们阅读讽刺文学只是因为在美学上它是让人心满意足的艺术品，而不是因为它在道德上有益或伦理上的教益。它激人兴奋、爽人身心，因为它只是运用常理通识、辛言辣语，便将各种幻想和人云亦云的观点一扫而光。讽刺文学自心而来不拘谦恭，它重新调整视角，将熟悉的事物紊杂地放置在一起，用个性化的语言而不是抽象的陈词滥调表述出来。 讽刺作品之所以存在是因为人们需要它。它存续至今，是因为读者欣赏爽身怡心的刺激和不拘谦恭的告诫，它提醒读者，他们生活的世界里充满了陈腐的思想意识、低俗的道德说教和愚蠢的哲学理念。讽 刺作品虽然很少代表真理促成行动，但它却能使人们感悟到真理。讽刺作品常常告诉人们，他们在大众媒体中所看到
35、的、听到的、读到的大多是伪装善良、多愁善感或只有部分真实。生活只在很小的程度上与大众对它的印象相符。士兵们很少拥有电影赋予他们的理想，而普通老百姓也决不会把自己的生命无私地奉献给人道主义服务。聪明人知道这些事实，但是当周围人不谈起时，他们常常会忘记掉。 【知识模块】 英译汉 12 【正确答案】 美国民间艺术 我们所说的美国民间艺术是由普通百姓所拥有、创造并享受的艺术。随着财富和闲暇与日 俱增，他们创造了各种艺术的市场，特别是肖像绘画。家境殷实的、主要是中产阶级的市民 不管他们是古罗马人，或是 17世纪荷兰自治城市富裕居民，抑或是 19世纪的美国人 都对肖像绘画艺术表现出突出的爱好。从 18世纪
36、晚期开始，美国这一群体的数量不断增加，而且满足画像要求的艺术家也不断地增加。 勿需惊奇，美国最早的民间艺术画像来自于新英格兰地区 特别是康涅狄格州和麻萨诸塞州 因为这一地区富裕，人口稠密，而且是浓厚艺术传统的中心。1776年独立宣言宣布后的几十年中，人口不断西徙，在纽约州西部、俄亥俄州、肯 塔基州、伊利诺伊州、密苏里州，人们随处可见肖像画师绘画的身影。美国独立后 50年间，人口增加了近五倍，原先 13个州又增加了 11个。在这些岁月里，肖像绘画的需求不断增长，直到有了照相机才算得到满足。 1839年银版照相法传人美国，摄影时代开始，而且在不超过一代人的时间内，手工画像就不再风靡了。从此，人物画
37、像又成了奢侈品 有钱人提出绘画要求，专业画家来完成绘画。 但是在肖像绘画的全盛时期 从 18世纪晚期到 19世纪 50年代 任何有一点艺术才能的人都可以成为 “画家 ”，当时的肖像画师就是这么被人称呼的。当地艺人 标牌、马车、房屋的画师 也开始画人物肖像作为一个赚钱的副业。有时候有绘画天赋的男子或妇女一开始只给家庭成员勾勒画像，很快在当地声誉鹊起，然后很多人前来要求画像；艺术家们发现，他们收拾起颜料、画布、画笔去各地巡游，既做房屋装饰又画人物肖像，是一件非常值得的事情。 【知识模块】 英译汉 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 13 【正确
38、答案】 Miss Huang couldnt help throwing a look at those people, and saw two men ogling at Miss Zhang quite openly, while two women and another man chattered in whispers. The mans oil-slick hair-comb above a white European style collar and the two womens frizzy permanent waves formed a close triangle. 【
39、知识模块】 汉译英 14 【正确答案】 The stand-owner stood up abruptly. Throwing away the cattail leaf fan, he said with great indignation, “ Mother, what they asked me to do was not to peel bananas, but to lose face for all Chinese! Dont you see?“ Under the scorching sun, from the willow tree, came the confirming r
40、eply of the cicadas chirrup: “ (I) see, (I) see, .“ 【知识模块】 汉译英 15 【正确答案】 As the saying goes, “Kill the chicken in order to frighten the monkey. “ If the chicken is killed, the monkey is certainly scared. 【知识模块】 汉译英 16 【正确答案】 If we destroy the stereotyped Party writing too, we shall “checkmate“ subje
41、ctivism and sectarianism and make both these monsters show themselves in their true colours and then we shall easily be able to annihilate them, like “ rats running across the street with everyone yelling: Kill them! Kill them!“ 【知识模块】 汉译英 17 【正确答案】 Baoyu was wondering if this was another girl obses
42、sed with the idea of burying flowers like Miss Lin Daiyu? If she were, he thought with a sigh, it would be like imitating the ancient beauty Xishi by putting on a frown on the brows, which, instead of effecting any fashionable charm, would make her look more ugly and repugnant. 【知识模块】 汉译英 18 【正确答案】
43、Though the little grass has never been said to be Herculean, the power it shows is matchless in the world. 【知识模块】 汉译英 19 【正确答案】 If popularization remains at the same level forever. will not the educators and those being educated be six of one and half a dozen of the other? 【知识模块】 汉译英 20 【正确答案】 “The
44、story of another Chinese student is more fantastic,“ Mr. Shen continued. “He failed to find a job upon graduation from university, then he muddled among the lower strata in Paris all day where he got quite familiar with people in various trades. He even knew everything about brothels of the lowest r
45、ank, like he knew the back of his hand. “ 【知识模块】 汉译英 21 【正确答案】 In March I heard from Mr. Liu Xunyu that Husheng was sick and hopelessly sick at that. The doctor said that there was nothing he could do but to wait for the day to arrive. Toward the end of April, I came across an obituary issued by Lid
46、a School in the newspaper Current Affairs. How quickly the day had arrived! 【知识模块】 汉译英 22 【正确答案】 Each time she gives the same plain comment on every turn of her past when she looks back, “Its my choice, Im willing. “ How beautiful she is at the moment even though in homespun clothes without any make
47、up. So calm is she as she undergoes grinding and regrinding in the mill of time, which turns the daughter into a wife, and then a mother with her hair graying in the process. 【知识模块】 汉译英 23 【正确答案】 The Han Peoples Religion Historically, the Han people did not have a common religion. They worshipped mo
48、re than one god, mainly of three kinds. One kind was the gods of ancient times, each of whom had their own power and responsibilities to perform. For example, the Jade Emperor was in charge of the entire universe, the Kitchen God of food, drinks, happiness and misfortunes, the Dragon King of rain an
49、d floods, and the South-Pole Star of Longevity was symbolic of long lives. Another kind was from different religions, such as Tathagata, Maitreya and the Guanyin Bodhisattva from Buddhism, and the Supreme Old Lord and General Zhao from Taoism. The Supreme Old Lord was actually Laozi, a famous philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period. General Zhao, however, was worshipped as the God of Wealth. The third kind was historical or legendary figures, including skilled people in certain trades. Guan Yu, for example, a well
