1、考博英语模拟试卷 85及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is a two-fold one, including recovery and prosperity. During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities, and new facilities for production are created. More
2、 businesses are created and older ones expanded. Improvements of various kinds are made. There is an ever increasing optimism about the future of economic growth. Much capital is invested in machinery or “heavy“ industry. More labor is employed. More raw materials are required. As one part of the ec
3、onomy develops, other parts are affected. For example, a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel, glass, and rubber industries. Roads are required. Thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulated. Demand for labor and materials results in greater prosperity for wo
4、rkers and suppliers of raw materials, including farmers. This increases purchasing power and the volume of goods bought and sold. Thus prosperity is diffused among the various segments of the population. This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent end. However, a time co
5、mes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiraling upwards. This is the end of the expansion phase. 1 We may assume that in the next paragraph the writer will discuss _. （ A） cyclical industries （ B） the status of the farmer （ C） the higher cost of living （ D） the recession period 2 The title be
6、low that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _. （ A） The Business Cycle （ B） The Recovery Stage （ C） An Expanding Society （ D） The Period of Good Times 3 Prosperity in one industry _. （ A） reflects itself in many other industries （ B） will spiral upwards （ C） will affect the steel indust
7、ry （ D） will end abruptly 4 Which of the following industries will probably be a good indicator of a period of expansion? （ A） Toys （ B） Machine tools （ C） Foodstuffs （ D） Cosmetics 5 During the period of prosperity, people regard the future _. （ A） cautiously （ B） in a confident manner （ C） opportu
8、nely （ D） indifferently 5 Yeats was beginning to use a vocabulary freshly minted from the treasury of Gaelic literature, and many of the shorter poems in The Countess Kathleen and Various Legends and Lyrics (1892) deal with a mythology Ireland had well nigh forgotten and England never known. For Art
9、hur and his Round Table Yeats substituted the very different Conchubar and his Red Branch Warriors, and Finn and his Fenians. The Red Branch cycle of legends included Fergus, whom Ness had tricked out of his kingdom so that her son Conchubar could rule over Ulster in his stead, and in Fergus and the
10、 Druid Yeats makes him avid for dreaming wisdom. Fergus was the unwitting agent of the doom of the Sons of Usna, Naoise the lover of Deirdre and his brothers Ardan and Ainle, who had accompanied the lovers to Scotland when they fled from Conchubars wrath, for Deirdre was Conchubars intended bride. F
11、ergus had persuaded them to return against the wishes of Deirdre and had been tricked out of acting as their safe conduct. He joined with Maeve, Queen of Connaught, after this, in her raid on Ulster, in which Cuehulain achieved his great fame as Ulsters champion. Cuehulain is the Achilles of the Iri
12、sh Saga, and he appears throughout Yeatss plays and poems, as warrior, as husband of Emer, as lover of Eithne Inguba, and of Aoife, as the unknowing killer of his own son and finally as victim of the sea. 6 Yeats differed from other poets in that he used _. （ A） Greek mythology （ B） the Arthurian le
13、gend （ C） Gaelic allusions （ D） the story of Fergus and Conchubar 7 Fergus _. （ A） was deposed by Cuchulain （ B） was king of Ulster （ C） had unwittingly slain Usna （ D） married the Queen of Connaught 8 Naoise earned the wrath of Conchubar because he _. （ A） had fled to Scotland （ B） was the son of U
14、sna （ C） loved Deirdre （ D） had Befriended Fergus 9 Cuchulain is called the “Achilles of the Irish Saga“ because _. （ A） he is the great warrior of the saga （ B） like Achilles, he was vulnerable and died of an ankle wound （ C） Achilles dominated the Odyssey （ D） he appears in many of Yeats plays and
15、 poems 10 Ness was _. （ A） the brother of Ardan （ B） the mother of Conchubar （ C） the killer of his son （ D） a victim of the sea 10 The beginning of what was to become the United States was characterized by inconsistencies in the values and behavior of its population, inconsistencies that were refle
16、cted by population, inconsistencies that were reflected by its spokesmen, who took conflicting stances in many areas, but on the subject of race, the conflicts were particularly vivid. The idea that the Caucasian race and European civilization were superior was well entrenched in the culture of the
17、colonists at the very time that the “egalitarian“ republic was founded. Voluminous historical evidence indicates that, in the mind of the average colonist, the African was a heathen, he was black, and he was different in crucial philosophical ways. As time progressed, he was also increasingly captiv
18、e, adding to the conception of deviance. The African, therefore, could be justifiaby (and even philanthropically) treated as property according to the reasoning of slavetraders and slaveholders. Although slaves were treated as objects, bountiful evidence suggests that they did not view themselves si
19、milarly. There are many published autobiographies of slaves. African- American scholars are beginning to know enough about West African culture to appreciate the existential climate in which the early captives were raised and which therefore could not be totally destroyed by the enslavement experien
20、ce. This was a climate that defined individuality in collective terms. Individuals were members of a tribe, within which they had prescribed roles determined by the history of their family within the tribe. Individuals were inherently a part of the natural elements on which they depended, and they w
21、ere actively related to those tribal members who once lived and to those not yet born. The colonial plantation system which was established and into which Africans were thrust did virtually eliminate tribal affiliations. Individuals were separated from kin. Interrelation- ships among kin kept togeth
22、er were often transient because of sales. A new identification with those slaves working and living together in a given place could satisfy what was undoubtedly a natural tendency to be a member of a group. New family units became the most important attachments of individual slaves. Thus, as the sys
23、tem of slavery was gradually institutionalized, West African affiliation tendencies adapted to it. This exceedingly complex dual influence is still reflected in black community life, and the double consciousness of black Americans is the major characteristic of African-American mentality. Du Bois ar
24、ticulated this divided consciousness as follows: The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife-this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging, he wishes neither of the older selves to be best. Several black poli
25、tical movements have looked upon this duality as destructively conflictual and have variously urged its reconciliation. Thus, the integrationists and the black nationalists, to be crudely general, have both been concerned with resolving the conflict, but in opposite directions. 11 Which of the follo
26、wing would be the most appropriate title for the passage? （ A） The History of Black People in the United States. （ B） West African Tribal Relations. （ C） The Origin of Modern African-American Consciousness. （ D） Slavery: A Democratic Anomaly. 12 Which of the following can be inferred about the viewp
27、oint expressed in the second paragraph of the passage? （ A） It is a reinterpretation of slave life based on new research done by African-American scholars. （ B） It is based entirely on recently published descriptions of slave life written by slaves themselves. （ C） It is biased and overly sympatheti
28、c to the views of white, colonial slaveholders. （ D） It is highly speculative and supported by little actual historical evidence. 13 The author puts the word “egalitarian“ in quotation marks (in paragraph 1) to _. （ A） emphasize his admiration for the early Americans （ B） ridicule the idea of democr
29、acy （ C） remind the reader of the principles of the new nation （ D） underscore the fact that equality did not extend to everyone 14 The tone of the passage could best be described as _. （ A） informed and anecdotal （ B） critical and argumentative （ C） impassioned and angry （ D） analytical and objecti
30、ve 15 It can be inferred that which of the following pairs are the two elements of the “dual influence“ mentioned at the beginning of the last paragraph? （ A） Slavery and West African culture. （ B） Tribal affiliations in West Africa and family affiliations in West Africa. （ C） A sense of individuali
31、ty and a sense of tribal identification. （ D） The history of West Africa and modern black political movements. 15 In the summer of 999, Leif Erikson voyaged to Norway and spent the following winter with King Olaf Tryggvason. Substantially the same account is given by both the Saga of Eric the Red an
32、d the Flat Island Book. The latter says nothing about Leifs return voyage to Greenland, but according to the former it was during this return voyage that Leif discovered America. The Flat Island Book, however, tells of another and earlier landfall by Biarni, the son of a prominent man named Heriulf,
33、 and makes that the inspiration for the voyage to the new land by Leif. In brief, like Leif, Biarni and his companion sight three countries in succession before reaching Greenland, and to come upon each new land takes 1 “doegr“ more than the last until Biarni comes to land directly in front of his f
34、athers house in the last- mentioned country. This narrative has been rejected by most later writers, and they may be justified. Possibly, Biarni was a companion of Leif when he voyaged from Norway to Greenland via America, or it may he that the entire tale is But a garbled account of that voyage and
35、 Biarni another name for Leif. It should be noted, however, that the stories of Leifs visit to King Olaf and Biarnis to that kings predecessor are in the same narrative in the Flat Island Book, so there is less likelihood of duplication than if they were from different sources. Also, Biarni landed o
36、n none of the lands he passed, but Leif apparently landed on one, for he brought back specimens of wheat, vines, and timber. Nor is there any good reason to believe that the first land visited by Biarni was Wineland. The first land was “level and covered with woods“, and “there were small hillocks u
37、pon it. Of forests, later writers do not emphasize them particularly in connection with Wineland, though they are often noted incidentally. And of hills, the Saga says of Wineland only that “wherever there was hilly ground, there were vines“. Additionally, if the two narratives were taken from the s
38、ame source we should expect a closer resemblance of Helluland. The Saga says of it: “They found there hellus (large flat stones).“ According to the Biarni narrative, however, “this land was high and mountainous.“ The intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 4 “doegr“ in both narratives are suggestive, but mythic f
39、ormulas of this kind may be introduced into narratives without altogether destroying their historicity. It is also held against the Biarni narrative that its hero is made to come upon the coast of Greenland exactly in front of his fathers home. But it should be recalled that Heriufsness lay below tw
40、o high mountains which served as landmarks for navigators. I would give up Biarni more readily were it not that the story of Leifs voyage contained in the supposedly more reliable Saga is almost as amazing. But Leifs voyage across the entire width of the North Atlantic is said to be “probable“ becau
41、se it is incorporated into the narrative of a preferred authority, while Biarnis is “improbable“ or even “impossible“ because the document containing it has been condemned. 16 The authors primary concern is to demonstrate that _. （ A） Leif Erikson did not visit America （ B） Biarni might have visited
42、 America before Leif Erikson （ C） Biarni did not visit Wineland （ D） Leif Erikson visited Wineland first 17 The author mentions the two high mountains in order to show that it is _. （ A） reasonable for Biarni to land precisely at iris fathers home （ B） possible to sail from Norway to Greenland witho
43、ut modern navigational equipment （ C） likely that Biarni landed on America at least 100 years before Leif Erikson （ D） probable that Leif Erikson followed the same course as Biarni 18 All of the following are mentioned as similarities between Leif Eriksons voyage and Biarnis voyage EXCEPT _. （ A） bo
44、th visited Norway （ B） both returned to Greenland （ C） both visited Wineland （ D） both visited Helluland 19 It can be inferred that the author regards the historicity of the Biarni narrative as _. （ A） conclusively proved （ B） almost conclusively proved （ C） possibly true （ D） highly unlikely 20 It
45、can be concluded that _. （ A） documents in Saga may not be dependable （ B） condemned records should not be used （ C） authorized narratives are to be favored （ D） official files should be most preferred 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 Before 1500 North America was inhabited by more than 300 cultural g
46、roups , each with different customs, social structures, world views, and languages. Such diversity the existence of a single Native American culture. （ A） complements （ B） implies （ C） reiterates （ D） argues against 22 Their air of cheerful self-sacrifice and endless complaisance won them undeserved
47、 praise, for their seeming gallantry was wholly motivated by a _ wish to avoid confict of any sort. （ A） poignant （ B） sincere （ C） laudable （ D） cowardly 23 If animal parents were judged by human standards, the cuckoo would be one of natures more creatures, blithely laying its eggs in the nests of
48、other birds, and leaving the incubating and nurturing to them. （ A） mettlesome （ B） industrious （ C） domestic （ D） irresponsible 24 The meeting was _ over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city. （ A） presumed （ B） propelled （ C） presided （ D） pricked 25 He gradually _ that her parents had
49、 been right and his decision had to be modified. （ A） perceived （ B） pioneered （ C） plagued （ D） transformed 26 His strange behavior had greatly _ me and my friends as well that evening. （ A） perplexed （ B） exhausted （ C） exclaimed （ D） exceeded 27 According to the international regulation, the playing of the national anthem _ all sports events. （ A） tepels （ B） remarks （ C） precedes （ D） requires 28 They _ those who didnt conform to their ideas, and took
