1、考博英语模拟试卷 87及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Although vocal cords are lacking in cetaceans, phonation is undoubtedly centered in the larynx. The toothed whales or odontocetes (sperm whales and porpoises) are much more vociferous than the whalebone whales, or mysticetes. In this country observers hav
2、e recorded only occasional sounds from two species of mystieetes (the humpback and right whale). A Russian cetologist reports hearing sounds from at least five species of whalebone whales but gives no details of the circumstances or descriptions of the sounds themselves. Although comparison of the s
3、ound-producing apparatus in the two whale groups cannot yet be made, it is interesting to note that the auditory centers of the brain are much more highly developed in the odontocetes than in the mystieetes, in fact, to a degree unsurpassed by any other mammalian group. 1 Which of the following anim
4、als has the most highly developed auditory center in the brain? （ A） Elephants. （ B） Humpback whales. （ C） Racoons. （ D） Sperm whales. 2 The noises produced by whales _. （ A） are produced in the upper part of the windpipe （ B） are louder than those of other sea animals （ C） are used to locate their
5、mates （ D） can be heard only by other whales 3 According to the information given _. （ A） porpoises have vocal cords but right whales do not （ B） Russians report vocal cords in five species of whales （ C） there is a correlation between vocal cords and auditory areas of the brain （ D） whales do not h
6、ave vocal cords 4 In which of the following is the auditory center of the brain most highly developed? （ A） Humpback whale. （ B） Right whale. （ C） Sperm whale. （ D） Whalebone whale. 4 Then felt like some watcher of the skies When a new planet swims into his ken, Or like stout Cortez, when with eagle
7、 eyes He stared at the Pacific-and all his men Looked at each other with a wild surmise- Silent, upon a peak in Darien. -Keats With these well loved lines John Keats recognized the most important geographical event in all the world, excepting only the feat of the Admiral Columbus himself. It was the
8、 discovery by European men of a vast sheet of water covering nearly 40 per cent of the globe-the ocean later to be named Pacific by Ferdinand Magellan because of its seeming tranquility. It is too bad that Keats beautiful lines erred in naming stout Cortez instead of the equally stout Balboa, a hero
9、 of much courage and perseverance. Too bad it was, too, for the immortal Vasco Nunez de Balboa, that communications in his day were so slow and uncertain. Had they been better he might well have avoided losing his head for his pains in bringing renown to Spain and incalculable new knowledge to the c
10、ivilized world. For lose it be did, under the axe at the insance of a jealous governor. 5 The author quotes the six lines from John Keats poem to call attention to _. （ A） the beauty of the poetry （ B） Keats historical error （ C） the vastness of the Pacific （ D） the silence in Darien 6 The Pacific O
11、cean _. （ A） is the largest ocean in the world （ B） is placid （ C） was first seen by man when Balboa looked at it （ D） was seen by Columbus 7 Balboa was _. （ A） mistaken for Cortez （ B） a member of Magellans crew （ C） decapitated （ D） slow and uncertain 8 The feeling described by Keats may best be d
12、escribed as one of _. （ A） amazement （ B） silence （ C） awe （ D） admiration 8 The range in frequencies of musical sounds is approximately 20- 20,000 cycles per second (cy/sec), Some people can hear higher frequencies than others. Longitudinal waves whose frequencies are higher than those within the a
13、udible range are called ultrasonic frequencies. Ultrasonic frequencies are used in sonar for such purposes as submarine detection and depth finding. Ultrasonic frequencies are also being tried for sterilizing food since these frequencies kill some bacteria. Sound waves of all frequencies in the audi
14、ble range travel at the same speed in the same medium. In the audible range, the higher the frequency of the sound the higher is the pitch. The term supersonic refers to speed greater than sound. An airplane traveling at supersonic speed is moving at a speed greater than the speed of sound in air at
15、 that temperature. Mach 1 means a speed equal to that of sound. Mach 2 means a speed equal to twice that of sound, etc. Musical sounds have three basic characteristics; pitch, loudness, and quality or timbre. As was indicated above, pitch is determined largely by the frequency of the wave reaching t
16、he ear. The higher the frequency the higher is the pitch. Loudness depends on the amplitude of the wave reaching the ear. For a given frequency, the greater the amplitude of the wave the louder the sound. To discuss quality of sound we need to clarify the concept of overtones. Sounds are produced by
17、 vibrating objects. If these objects are given a gentle push, they usually vibrate at one definite frequency producing a pure tone. This is the way a tuning fork is usually used. When objects vibrate freely after a force is momentarily applied, they are said to produce their natural frequency. Some
18、objects, like strings and air columns, can vibrate naturally at more than one frequency at a time. The lowest frequency which an object can produce when vibrating freely is known as the objects fundamental frequency. Other frequencies that the object can produce are known as its overtones. The quali
19、ty of a sound depends on the number and relative amplitude of the overtones present in the wave reaching the ear. 9 A soprano would probably have a frequency of _. （ A） 200 cy/sec （ B） 5,000 cy/sec （ C） 10,000 cy/sec （ D） 20,000 cy/sec 10 The timbre of a musical sound is dependent on its _. （ A） fun
20、damental （ B） amplitude （ C） frequency （ D） overtones 11 Which of the following individuals would likely use terms like Math 5 or Mach 9? （ A） Jet pilot. （ B） Musician. （ C） Astronaut. （ D） Submarine navigator. 12 Ultrasonic frequencies are _. （ A） inaudible （ B） excessively fast （ C） characterized
21、by a great amplitude （ D） death rays 12 There are exceptions to the rule of male insects being smaller than the females, and some of these exceptions are intelligible. Size and strength would be an advantage to the males which fight for the possession of the females, and in these cases, as with the
22、stag-beetle (Lucanus), the males are larger than the females. There are, however, other beetles which are not known to fight together, of which the males exceed the females in size, and the meaning of this fact is not known, but in some of these cases, as with the huge Dynastes and Megasoma, we can
23、at least see that there would be no necessity for the males to be smaller than the females, in order to be matured before them, for these beetles are not short-lived, and there would be ample time for the pairing of the sexes. 13 According to the author, _. （ A） male insects are always smaller than
24、females （ B） in a given species nature provides differences between sexes to insure successful reproduction （ C） size and strength protect females from other females （ D） longevity is characteristic of the Dynastes and Megasoma 14 Where male beetles are smaller than female beetles, it is because _.
25、（ A） they have to fight for their mates （ B） they are more intelligent （ C） they are ephemeral creatures （ D） there is ample time for mating 15 The paragraph preceding this one probably _. （ A） discusses a generalization about the size of animals （ B） develops the idea that male insects do not live
26、long after maturity （ C） discusses male and female beetles （ D） emphasizes that beetles are belligerent animals 16 The male Lucanus is particularly _. （ A） adaptable （ B） strong （ C） intelligent （ D） belligerent 16 Agreeable to your request, I send you my reasons for thinking that our northeast stor
27、ms in North America begin first, in point of time, in the southwest parts: that is to say, the air in Georgia, the farthest of our colonies to the Southwest, begins to move southwesterly before the air of Carolina, begins to move southwesterly before the air of Carolina, which is the next colony nor
28、theastward. The air of Carolina has the same motion before the air of Virginia, which lies still more northeastward, and so on northeasterly through Pennsylvania, New York, New England, First, some schools, colleges and universities, hospitals, companies and other enterprises are not concerned with
29、improving their working and living conditions. Second, some professionals find it hard to bring their talents into full play. They are envied for their talents and achievements, so they choose to leave. Last but not least, some employers do not cherish talents. They think that another will come if o
30、ne talent goes away and that the world still goes round without an important person or even without hundreds of important persons. Based on the above-mentioned reasons, I would like to make the following suggestions. First, love talents just as you love your eyes, do not suppress those who are more talented than you. Second, improve talents living and working conditions. Only in this way can brain drain be prevented.
