1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 40及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 When they advise your kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth.What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an emba
2、rrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least.Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school. Get a college degree, if possible.With aB.A., you are on the launching
3、 pad.But now you have to start to put on the brakes.If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an MBA, and only from a first-rate university.Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than fu
4、ll professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930. A Ph.D is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial o
5、r commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future.There are more Ph.Ds unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy,
6、you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands.Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph.Ds are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month.And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backw
7、ater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far.Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you. 1 According to the writer, what the
8、society expects of education is to turn out people who_. （ A） will not be a shame to the society （ B） will become loyal citizens （ C） can take care of themselves （ D） can meet the demands as a source of manpower 2 Many Ph.Ds are out of job because_. （ A） they are wrongly educated （ B） they are of li
9、ttle commercial value to the society （ C） there are fewer jobs in high schools （ D） they prefer easy jobs to more money 3 The nation is only interested in people_. （ A） with diplomas （ B） specialized in physics and chemistry （ C） valuable to the gross national product （ D） both A and C 4 Which of th
10、e following is NOT true ? （ A） Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison. （ B） One must think carefully before going for a masters degree. （ C） The higher your educational level, the more money you will earn. （ D） If you are too well educated, youll make things difficult for the society.
11、 4 I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem.It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves.Sometimes its just an invented excuse when youre late for something or a pretence that you like someone you dont.These white lies dont usually harm anyone and indeed of
12、ten help smooth over difficult social situations.They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but, on the whole, theyre easily forgiven. What you describe is a habit of lying that is more serious than this.I suspect that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth.People
13、 who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others will judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless.In other words, they create a false picture of themselves, a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think
14、others have of them, And as you say, that causes problems-since they have to keep living up to that image.At the same time, they have to tell further lie to cover the stories they have already told.According to some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportun
15、ities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth. I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself. Give yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up.Wait a week and then try it again.Once you have achieved three separat
16、e lie-free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week.Dont make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you will-its too much to take on at once.Try to change things little by little, by setting yourself manageable targets.A
17、fter a while, youll wonder why you ever had the problem at all. 5 This passage is a reply to someone who_. （ A） keeps a habit of lying for vain reasons （ B） works hard to meet others expectations （ C） does not know the truth about himself and is too sure of himself （ D） does not know how to make a r
18、ealistic plan for himself 6 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? （ A） White lies often cause embarrassment in social situations. （ B） It is important for women to have an adequate sense of self-worth. （ C） It takes a little time to get rid of your habit. （ D） Take exer
19、cise like running if you are free and keep it up. 7 The expression “living up to“ in the second paragraph can best be replaced by_. （ A） growing up with （ B） living with （ C） seeking （ D） sticking to 8 In the last paragraph the writer implies that_. （ A） you will solve the problem with patience and
20、a strong will （ B） you must be hard on yourself to accomplish something （ C） your problem lies in the fact that you hasten to make promises （ D） you must set different targets at different stages of your life 8 The London Stock Exchange has been famous as a place for men only, and women used to be s
21、trictly forbidden to enter.But the world is changing day by day, and even the Stock Exchange, which seemed to be a mens castle, is gradually opening its doors to the other sex.On 16th November 1971, a great decision was taken.The Stock Exchange Council (the body of men that administers the Stock Exc
22、hange) decided that women should be allowed onto the new trading floor when it opened in 1973.But the “castle“ had not been completely conquered.The first girls to work in “The House“ were not brokers or jobbers.They were neither allowed to become partners in stock broking firms, nor to be authorize
23、d dealers in stocks and shares.They were simply junior clerks and telephone operators. Women have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange for many years.Several votes have been taken in “The House“ to see whether the members would be willing to allow women to become members, but the answer has al
24、ways been “No“.There have been three refusals of this kind since 1967.Now women are admitted, although in a very junior capacity.Two forms of jobbers made an application to the Stock Exchange Council to be allowed to employ girl clerks.Permission was finally given.A member of the Stock Exchange expl
25、ained after this news had been given, “The new floor is going to be different from the old one.All the jobbers will have their own stands, with space for a telephone and typewriters, therefore there will have to be typists and telephone operators.So women must be allowed in.“ This decision did not m
26、ean a very great victory in the war for equal rights for women.However, it was a step in the right direction.The Chairman of the new building will eventually lead to women being allowed to have full membership of the Stock Exchange.It is only a matter of time; it must happen. 9 The London Stock Exch
27、ange is famous_. （ A） for its favorable location （ B） for its policy of opening its doors to women （ C） because it has been a place for men only （ D） because women are now beginning to enter its doors to work 10 Several votes have been taken in “The House“_. （ A） to see if women were willing to beco
28、me members （ B） to decide when women would be allowed into “The House“ （ C） to find out whether the members were willing to allow women to become members （ D） to decide when to allow women onto the new trading floor 11 Which of the following is true? （ A） Since 1973 women have been allowed to work w
29、ith the London Stock Exchange. （ B） Women have always been refused participation in stock trading. （ C） Women were never officially allowed to enter the Stock Exchange. （ D） Men have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange. 12 What is this article about? （ A） Womens place in society. （ B） How the
30、 London Stock Exchange functioned in 1971. （ C） How women have been struggling for full membership of the Stock Exchange. （ D） How women were gradually allowed to work in the Stock Exchange. 12 When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test,
31、 or even the ability to do well in school.By intelligence we mean a style of life, a life, a way of behaving in various situations.The true test of intelligence is not how much we know how to do, but how we behave when we dont know what to do. The intelligent person, young or old, meeting a new situ
32、ation or problem, opens himself up to it.He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it. He thinks about it, instead of about himself or what it might cause to happen to him.He grapples with it boldly, imaginatively, resourcefully, and if not confidently, at least hopefully; if
33、he fails to master it, he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them.This is intelligence.Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life, and ones self with respect to life.Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the sa
34、me thing as intelligence, only less of it.It is an entirely different style of behavior, arising out of entirely different set of attitudes. Years of watching and comparing bright children with the not-bright, or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people.The bright child i
35、s curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, embrace it, unite himself with it.There is no wall, no barrier, between himself and life.On the other hand, the dull child is far less curious, far less interested in what goes on and what is real, more inclined to live in a world of f
36、antasy.The bright child likes to experiment, to try things out.He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat.If he cant do something one way, hell try another.The dull child is usually afraid to try at all.It takes a great deal of urging to get him to try even once; if that try
37、 fails, he is through. Nobody starts off stupid.Hardly an adult in a thousand, or ten thousand could in any three years of his life learn as much, grow as much in his understanding of the world around him, as every infant learns and grows in his first three years.But what happens, as we grow older,
38、to this extraordinary capacity for learning and intellectual growth? What happens is that it is destroyed, and more than by any other one thing, it is destroyed by the process that we misname education a process that goes on in most homes and schools. 13 The writer believes that intelligence is_. （
39、A） doing well in school （ B） doing well on some examinations （ C） a certain type of behavior （ D） good scores on tests 14 The writer believes that “unintelligence“ is_. （ A） similar to intelligence （ B） less than intelligence （ C） the common belief of most psychologists （ D） a particular way of look
40、ing at the world 15 Why does the writer say that education is misnamed? （ A） Because it takes place more in homes than in school. （ B） Because it discourages intellectual growth. （ C） Because it helps dull children with their problems. （ D） Because it helps children understand the world around them.
41、 16 In the paragraphs which follow the above passage, the writer probably discusses_. （ A） how education destroys the development of intelligence （ B） how bright children differ from dull children （ C） how intelligence is inherited （ D） how the childs intellectual capacity grows at home and school 1
42、6 An upsurge of new research suggests animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previous thought.Before defining animals intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence.Instinct is not intelligence.It is a skill programmed into an animals brain by its genetic heritage.Rote condit
43、ioning or cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals is also not intelligence, since tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved.Scientists believe insight, the ability to use tools, and communications using human language a
44、re effective measures. When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding.When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered about the lawn, piled them and then climbed on them to reach her reward.The
45、gorillas insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence.Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks.The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do.Likewise, otters use rocks to crac
46、k open crab and, in a series of complex moves, chimpanzees have been known to use sticks to get at favorite snack-termites.Many animals have learned to communicate using human language.Some primates have learned hundreds of words in sign language.One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 2
47、50 abstract symbols on a keyboard and one parrot can distinguish five objects of two different types and can understand the difference between numbers, colors, and kinds of object. The research on animal intelligence raises important questions.If animals are smarter than once thought, would that cha
48、nge the way humans interact with them? Would humans stop hunting them for sport or survival? Would animals still be used for food or clothing or medical experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our ow
49、n. 17 According to the text, which is true about animals communicating through the use of _ human language? （ A） Parrots can imitate or repeat a sound. （ B） Dolphins click and whistle. （ C） Crows screech warnings to other crows. （ D） Chimps have been trained to use sign language or word symbolizing geometric shapes. 18 The word “upsurge“, (Line 1, Para 1), most nearly means_. （ A） an increasingly large amount （ B） a decreasing amount （ C） a well-known amount （ D） an immeasurable amount 19 The ch
