1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 84及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional
2、children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the
3、 key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, t
4、he weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the oppor
5、tunity to fully develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal. “ Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean
6、 equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not t
7、o an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 1 In paragraph
8、 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that_. （ A） the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society （ B） exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are （ C） exceptional children are the key in
9、terest of the family and society （ D） the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 2 The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_. （ A） they are expected to be leaders of the society （ B） they might become a burden o
10、f the society （ C） they should fully develop their potentials （ D） disabled children deserve special consideration 3 This passage mainly deals with_. （ A） the differences of children in their learning capabilities （ B） the definition of exceptional children in modern society （ C） the special educati
11、onal programs for exceptional children （ D） the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 4 From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children_. （ A） is now enjoying legal support （ B） disagrees with the tradition of the country （ C） was clearly stated by
12、the countrys founders （ D） will exert great influence over court decisions 4 “ I have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,“ says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “ But,“ he cautions, “some people may have the idea that on
13、ce one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. “ This year, 50 percent of the 910, 000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In
14、 the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas. With as man
15、y as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant
16、oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all c
17、ancers. “ Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,“ says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We cant prepare a medicine against cosmic rays. “ The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. “First, we n
18、eed to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. “ 5 The example of Pasteur in t
19、he passage is used to_. （ A） predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade （ B） indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright （ C） prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years （ D） warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered 6 The
20、author implies that by the year 2000,_. （ A） there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients （ B） 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living （ C） the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers （ D） there wont
21、 be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients 7 Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes_. （ A） that are always in operation in a healthy person （ B） which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated （ C） that can be driven out of normal cells （ D） which normal cell cant turn off 8
22、 The word “dormant“ in the third paragraph most probably means_. （ A） dead （ B） ever-present （ C） inactive （ D） potential 8 Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds“ to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as lege
23、nd would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer
24、; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and
25、others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simpl
26、y the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,“ wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How co
27、me nobody thought of that before?“ The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently sim
28、plest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 9 What does the author probably mean by “untau
29、ght mind“ in the first paragraph? （ A） A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation. （ B） A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity. （ C） A person who has had no education. （ D） An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident. 10 According to the author,
30、 what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators? （ A） The variety of ideas they have. （ B） The intelligence they possess. （ C） The way they deal with problems. （ D） The way they present their findings. 11 The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because_. （ A） Rudolph Flesch is the best-kn
31、own expert in the study of human creativity （ B） the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things （ C） the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of view （ D） the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented 12 The phrase
32、 “march to a different drummer“(the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are_. （ A） diligent in pursuing their goals （ B） reluctant to follow common ways of doing things （ C） devoted to the progress of science （ D） concerned about the advance of society 12 Why do people
33、 always want to get up and dance when they hear music? The usual explanation is that there is something embedded in every culture that dancing is a “ cultural universal“. A researcher in Manchester thinks the impulse may be even more deeply rooted than that. He says it may be a reflex reaction. Neil
34、 Todd, a psychologist at the University of Manchester, told that he first got an inkling that biology was the key after watching people dance to deafeningly loud music. “There is a compulsion about it,“ he says. He reckoned there might be a more direct, biological, explanation for the desire to danc
35、e, so he started to look at the inner ear. The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance. The standard view is that these tasks are segregated so that organs for balance, for instance, do not have an acoustic function. But Todd says animal studies have shown that the sacculus
36、, which is part of the balance-regulating vestibular system, has retained some sensitivity to sound. The sacculus is especially sensitive to extremely loud noise, above 70 decibels. “Theres no question that in a contemporary dance environment, the sacculus will be stimulated,“ says Todd. The average
37、 rave, he says, blares music at a painful 110 to 140 decibels. But no one really knows what an acoustically stimulated sacculus does. Todd speculates that listening to extremely loud music is a form of “ vestibular self-stimulation“: it gives a heightened sensation of motion. “We dont know exactly w
38、hy it causes pleasure,“ he says. “But we know that people go to extraordinary lengths to get it. “ He lists bungee jumping, playing on swings or even rocking to and fro in a rocking chair as other examples of pursuits designed to stimulate the sacculus. The same pulsing that makes us feel as though
39、we are moving may make us get up and dance as well, says Todd. Loud music sends signals to the inner ear which may prompt reflex movement. “The typical pulse rate of dance music is around the rate of locomotion,“ he says. “Its quite possible youre triggering a spinal reflex. “ 13 What intrigued Todd
40、 was_. （ A） human instinct reflexes （ B） peoples biological heritages （ C） peoples compulsion about loud music （ D） the damages loud music wrecks on human hearing 14 Todds biological explanation for the desire to dance refers to_. （ A） the mechanism of hearing sounds （ B） the response evoked from th
41、e sacculus （ C） the two main functions performed by the human ear （ D） the segregation of the hearing and balance maintaining function 15 When the sacculus is acoustically stimulated, according to Todd, _. （ A） functional balance will be maintained in the ear （ B） pleasure will be aroused （ C） decib
42、els will shoot up （ D） hearing will occur 16 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） The human ear does more than hearing than expected. （ B） Dancing is capable of heightening the sensation of hearing. （ C） Loud music stimulates the inner ear and generates the urge to dance. （ D） The human inner ear
43、does more to help hear than to help maintain balance. 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 84答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。文章中第 2段第 2句所举的这个例子旨在说明配角及场景对主演的重要作用，这个例子又用来说明本段第 1句与第 3句阐明的道理。 B项的意思文章未提及。 C选项与作者所呼吁的应该去做的事相反。 D选项的内容与文章的内容不相关。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据文章第 3段第 3句，社会对特殊
44、儿童接受普通教育的关注表明他们的主张：任何公民都应该得到使其潜能充分发展的机会。这也是整篇文章的主旨：教育应该有利于特殊儿童的成长 (参阅第 1段第 2句以及第 4段第3、 5句 )。故本题答案为 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 主旨题。由对上一题的分析可以看出，本文主要在于说明改革目前的教育方式使之更有利于特殊儿童的成长的重要性 (或必要性 )。本文未列举儿童在学习能力方面存在哪些差别，故 A不对；本文也未对什么样的儿童称为特殊儿童进行界定，故 B错误；本文主要谈的是使目前的教育更适合特殊儿童的发展的重要性，但并没主张为他们设立一套特殊的教学计划，更没谈具体
45、设立什么教学计划或项目，因此 C选项也是混淆项。 【知识模块】 阅读 理解 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理题。答案在原文第 4段第 4句。句中 confirm意为：认可，批准，使 有效。 B选项中 disagree with意为：与 不一致。从文章第 4段前三句来看，该项表达的内容与事实相反；文章第 4段第 3句指出，国家的创始者们的人人平等这一思想也包含了儿童平等受教育的权利，但这并不意味着他们业已明确地表达了 (clearly stated)对特殊儿童的教育的关怀。因此 C选项错误。儿童平等受教育的权利已获得法律上的认可，法庭裁决也必须依法行事，因此，该项所表达的内容 (将会对法
46、庭的裁决起很大影响 )是不正确的。故本题选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。本文第 1段中所举的巴斯特的例子在于否定本段第 2句提到的某些人的观点：一旦找到病因，治疗方法会立刻找到 (rapidly follow)，而在于说明第 4句中所阐明的道理，即 “还有很长的路要走 ”。故本题选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理题。文章第二段用数据说明了能够继续生活五年以上的病人的数量 的比例，这一比例增加是可喜的，但能完全从病魔中生存下来的人仍然不会有大幅度的增加。故本题答案为 D。 【知识模块】
47、阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题 “activate”在此意为 “激活，使活动起来 ”。文章第 3段第 4句指出：如果几个致癌基因 (oncogene)被激活，细胞又无法抵御它们的侵害的话，细胞就会发生癌变。因此本题答案为 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 猜词题。 “dormant”意为 “潜伏的 ”，与第 3段第 2句中 “inactive”一词是同义。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 语义题。根据原文第 1段， “untaught minds”本文应该指那些不了解发明与革新的艰辛的人。
48、 B， D则明显不对。 C中 “untaught”一词有 “未受过教育的 ”这个意思，但从本文第 1段来看，这里并非指未受过教育的人，不了解发明创造的艰辛的人未必没有受过教育。故本题选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。这是文章主要要说明的问 题。文章第 2段第 2句指出：有创造力的人与他人的最大区别在于他们对待事物的方法不同，此句中 “one”指“difference”。文章最后一段以结论的形式再次说明了这一主旨。故本题选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。作者引用 Flesch的话当然是为了支持自己的观点：
49、有创造力的人经常探索做事的新方法。文章第 3段 Flesch指出：创造性思维往往只起源于一种认识：做事情的传统的方法未必是最好的。像举例一样，引用其他人的观点 (正面引述也好反面引述也好 )都是为了说 明文章的主旨或主题，否则，引述便显得没必要了，引用其他人的发现或数据也是如此。从这一点也可以看出把握文章的主旨、主题与思路对正确选择答案的重要性。故本题答案为 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 语义题。文章中 “march to different drummer”是一个比喻。 “drummer”意为 “鼓手 ”， “to”意为 “伴着 ”，整个词组的意思为：伴着一个不同的鼓手所敲出的节奏行进，即：不随波逐流，与其他人走的道路或所持的思路不同。这是对文章主旨的一个形象总结 。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据第二段第一句话 “ 他在观察人们在震耳欲聋的音乐声中跳舞的行为后模模糊糊地认为人的生物性本能是解答这一问题的关键。 ”所以可判断 C选项 “人们对音乐的冲动反
