1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The old lady let her flat to an English couple. （ A） offered （ B） provided （ C） rented （ D） sold 2 The sun encourages the growth of plants. （ A） inspires （ B） helps （ C） stimulates （ D） stirs 3
2、 Jane didnt like our plan, so she countered it. （ A） answered （ B） opposed （ C） rejected （ D） replaced 4 Diffusion is the spontaneous spreading of matter caused by the random movement of molecules. （ A） pattern1ess （ B） whirling （ C） constant （ D） rampant 5 The criminal gave us a long chase before w
3、e caught him. （ A） trial （ B） pursing （ C） pursuit （ D） running 6 Your hair is so tangled that it looks as if it has not been combed for a month. （ A） mix up （ B） moisturizing （ C） disordered （ D） settle 7 Her judgement is warped, biased because of possible advantage for herself. （ A） capable （ B） r
4、easonable （ C） twisted （ D） obvious 8 He refused to accept the job for various reasons. （ A） all kinds of （ B） embarrassed （ C） difficult （ D） varied 9 Five years ago he was a fabulously wealthy man, but now he was penniless. （ A） incredibly （ B） marvelous （ C） moderately （ D） necessarily 10 He has
5、luxurious habits of throwing money about like dirt. （ A） extreme （ B） extravagant （ C） extricate （ D） extraordinary 11 When apprentices in colonial America satisfactorily completed their training periods each received two sets of apparel as a graduation gift. （ A） clothes （ B） credentials （ C） wages
6、 （ D） tools 12 Mrs. Smith looked puzzled about what her husband said just now. （ A） excited （ B） confused （ C） conquered （ D） consented 13 He had merely come out for a stroll. （ A） walk （ B） running （ C） looking （ D） pleasure 14 We entertained the guests with a detailed description of the party. （ A
7、） treated （ B） amused （ C） ensured （ D） provided 15 Charles Goodyears discovery of vulcanized rubber began when he inadvertently spilled a mixture of rubber and sulfur on a hot stove. （ A） experimentally （ B） unceasingly （ C） incompetently （ D） accidentally 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7
8、个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Irradiating Food Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as bee
9、f and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products. Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove
10、 the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars out
11、fitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of. All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is n
12、o requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients. Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation gamma rays, high-energy ele
13、ctrons, and X rays and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecula
14、r compositions, may require different doses of radiation. 16 According to the passage, killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is not completely approved by the US government. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 There are quite a number of food processors which are inter
15、ested in producing irritated foods. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods and suggest a more severe government inspection be taken. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Some companies foresee the promising future of setting u
16、p food processing factories, although they do not see the need now. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 It is required that labels placed on irradiated food or nearby bulk items such as vegetables and fruits should indicate irradiated ingredients. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21
17、Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without labeling it. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The passage tells us that FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意
18、与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下 面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Ford 1. Fords great strength was the manufacturing process-not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and w
19、ire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market. 2. The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution
20、 into overdrive (高速运转 ). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Fords Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响 ) along in 1914, the worlds first
21、automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3. The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also
22、 took an hour off the workday. In those years It was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan “an economic crime“, and critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4. But as the wage in
23、creased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的 ) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didnt matter-except for making it possible for more people to buy car
24、s. 23 A Fords Followers B The Assembly Line C Fords Great Dream D The Establishment of the Company E Fords Biggest Contribution F Fords Great Talent 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A criticized by the media B the low wage in the auto industry C own a car D prod
25、uce cars in large numbers E the 8-hour-shift practice F combined technology and market 27 The assembly line made it possible to _. 28 Ford was the first to adopt _. 29 Higher wages enabled many people to _. 30 Fords higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was. strongly _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 )
26、 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Giving Up Smoking A number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine (尼古丁 ) patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive (粘着的 ) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream (血流
27、 ). Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum (口香糖 ) works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed (咀嚼 ). The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoker and e
28、asier admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than tile use of cocaine (可卡因 ), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim. The United States government has co
29、llected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark. In the United Stat
30、es, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warning on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read: “Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.“
31、 In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces. 31 Which of the following can help a person quit smoking? （ A） Reading cigarette advertisements. （ B） Using nicotine patches. （ C）
32、 Chewing ordinary gum. （ D） Participating in social activities. 32 Nicotine gum is used to help a smoker （ A） reduce weight. （ B） stop smoking. （ C） clean his teeth. （ D） absorb nicotine immediately. 33 The benefits of giving up smoking include all the following EXCEPT （ A） the formation of a good h
33、abit. （ B） the reduction of expenses. （ C） the reduction of harm to ones health. （ D） easier access to institutions that ban smoking. 34 Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful? （ A） Consuming alcohol. （ B） Using heroin. （ C） Taking cocaine. （ D） Smoking cigarettes. 35 Wh
34、ich of the following is NOT mentioned as a step to control smoking? （ A） Forbidding smoking in all public places. （ B） Collecting a special tax on cigarettes. （ C） Banning cigarette advertising from radio and TV. （ D） Requiring a warning on each cigarette package: 36 Effects of Exercise on Elderly D
35、iabetics (糖尿病人 ) Most older people with. so-called type 2 diabetes (糖尿病 ) could stop taking insulin (胰岛素 ) if they would do brisk (轻快的 ) exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper. Results from tests conducted on diab
36、etics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication (药物治疗 ) today. Researchers had a g
37、roup of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type 2 diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin work
38、ed. Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people
39、of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,“ Dela said. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas (胰腺 ), controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes. Dela said that to achieve th
40、e desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise. Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exer
41、cise, Dela added. 36 What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with type 2 diabetes? （ A） It can help the body make better use of insulin. （ B） It can worsen their symptoms. （ C） It can help them to eat more. （ D） It can cure them of the disease. 37 The exercise that the researchers tried on
42、their test subjects was （ A） walking briskly for thirty minutes three times a week. （ B） cycling six times a week for three months. （ C） swimming twice a day. （ D） running once a day. 38 The researchers checked how well the test subjects insulin worked by measuring （ A） the blood sugar level in thei
43、r bodies. （ B） the length of time they could cycle at one breath. （ C） the amount of insulin they took. （ D） the amount of sugar their muscles could make use of. 39 It is recommended that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwise （ A） their symptoms will get worse. （ B） the blood sugar
44、level will go up. （ C） the desired effect cannot be achieved. （ D） their condition will be out of control. 40 It can be seen from the passage that most diabetics are ignorant of （ A） the necessity of watching their diet. （ B） the significance of regular exercise. （ C） the need to control their weigh
45、t. （ D） the consequences of taking too much insulin, 41 First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway (气道 ), and breathi
46、ng. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life. First-a
47、id measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to de in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的 ) injury and paralysis (瘫痪 ). Despite th
48、e variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the sc
49、ene, asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病 ) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手镯 ) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do net move the victim. Fir
