1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 36及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The boys death was disastrous to him. The poor man never got over from it. （ A） a great misfortune （ B） an increasing rage （ C） an eventful outcome （ D） an everlasting complain 2 Alligators st
2、ill exist in some of the dank swamps and bayous of Alabamas coastal regions. （ A） weirdly fascinating （ B） mythical （ C） drab （ D） unpleasantly humid 3 When apprentices in colonial America satisfactorily completed their training periods each received two sets of apparel as a graduation gift. （ A） cl
3、othes （ B） credentials （ C） wages （ D） tools 4 Because administering the whole company, he sometimes has to work around the clock. （ A） adjusting （ B） evaluating （ C） engaging （ D） managing 5 The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle. （ A） fatal （ B） hateful （ C） good （ D） useful 6 The indec
4、isive man was readily persuaded to change his mind again. （ A） easily （ B） hardly （ C） subtly （ D） suddenly 7 Even with detailed knowledge about an area, geologists cannot easily locate stores of underground natural gas. （ A） varieties （ B） maps （ C） supplies （ D） shops 8 Some abnormal human behavio
5、r may be caused by eating substances that upset delicate chemical balances in the brain, （ A） nourish （ B） favor （ C） prevent （ D） disturb 9 Our company employed about one hundred people. （ A） interviewed （ B） hired （ C） dismissed （ D） declined 10 It is not possible for people to remember everthing
6、that they have thought. （ A） recall （ B） appreciate （ C） repeat （ D） discuss 11 The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. （ A） encouraged （ B） enforced （ C） expected （ D） entitled 12 I wasnt qualified for the job really, but I got it anyhow. （ A） somehow （
7、B） anyway （ C） anywhere （ D） somewhere 13 I have been trying to quit smoking. （ A） give up （ B） pick up （ C） build up （ D） take up 14 His shoes were shined to perfection. （ A） cleared （ B） washed （ C） mended （ D） polished 15 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. （ A） general （
8、B） traditional （ C） magnificent （ D） strong 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果 该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Easy Learning Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but theyve also mastered the fine art o
9、f learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a year old.They can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test
10、the theory, Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like “oo“, another like “ee“ and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like somet
11、hing in between. EEG (脑电图 ) recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their n
12、ight-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to the other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies whod heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now rec
13、ognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babi
14、es dont “turn off“ their cerebral cortex(大脑皮层 )while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds. So forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help gro
15、wn-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. 16 Babies can learn even in their sleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 An infant can recognize a lot of sounds by the time he or she is a year old. （ A）
16、 Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The study shows that the infants cerebral cortex stops working wh
17、ile he is asleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Cheours has found how babies accomplish this nighttime learning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Cheours finding can help babies learn language. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短
18、文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Museums in the Modern World 1. Museums have changed.They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of
19、museums now. 2. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum, of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music.At the Modem Museum in Sweden, yo
20、u can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera.As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing. 3. More and more, museums directors are realizing that pe
21、ople learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating
22、 a spaceship ox a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not u
23、se it to best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and childrens departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one “should” visit, they are places to enjoy. 4. One cause of all these changes is the i
24、ncrease in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their. parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand
25、and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now. becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these
26、groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received.All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about other places and other times. 5. The effect of all this has been to chang
27、e existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them axe devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of vi
28、sitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year. 6. In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees
29、for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff. 23 A. Causes of Changes B. Increasing Number of Museums and Visitors C. Museums Getting Closer to More Spectat
30、ors D. Movies Shown in Museums E. New Notions about the Management of Museums F. Places to Visit 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 27 A. have higher demands of museums B. are open to more people with different social background C. to lengthen their opening hours D. char
31、ge too little for admission E. have been built and open to public F. by lowering the admission fees 27 Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but_ 28 With the development of society, people, especially the young people,_ 29 To meet the needs of society, more museums_ 30 Two majo
32、r problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old boy, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off in his neighborhood.Suddenly, the e
33、vening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his
34、bottle rocket injury. June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its Eye Smart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. “There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye
35、 with a bottle rocket,“ said Dr. Johnc.Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. “A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fire- works while you enjoy the show.“ According to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety
36、Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related in- juries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of
37、firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the United States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks. Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the eyes. F
38、or children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can bum at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. 31 What happened to Pete last Fourth of July? （ A） He was burned in a house fire. （ B） He was caught in a rain. （ C） He was injured
39、in a fight. （ D） He was hit in the eye. 32 The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to_. （ A） celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks （ B） leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations （ C） stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether （ D） set off fireworks together wi
40、th trained professionals 33 How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year? （ A） About 9,000 （ B） About 4,500 （ C） About 1,350 （ D） About 30 34 Fireworks eye injuries can result in each of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） blindness （ B） permanent vision loss （ C） glaucoma and cataracts （ D） he
41、ad-related injuries 35 Which is NOT true of sparklers? （ A） They are harmless to children. （ B） They are considered safe by many people. （ C） They are a threat to the eyes. （ D） They can burn at very high degrees. 36 Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020 The number of new cancer cases worldwide
42、 is expected to increase by 50% by the year 2020. But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action. The World Cancer Report, released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, shows that canc
43、er has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones. Overall, cancer was responsible for 12% of all deaths in 2000. But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer. The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed gl
44、obally in 2000, and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020. Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits. “Cancer has emerged as a major public
45、 health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized (工业化的 ) countries,“ said researcher Paul Kleihues, MD, director of IARC, in a news release. “Once considered a Western disease, the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the worlds cancer burde
46、n, in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths, already occurs in developing countries.“ The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones. However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries, where 80% of cancer patients
47、already have late-stage incurable tumors (肿瘤 ) at the time of diagnosis. Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco, occupational carcinogens (致瘤物 ), and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle. As less-developed countries be
48、come industrialized and more prosperous, they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West, which increase cancer rates. 36 The report says that steps could be taken to reduce about （ A） 50% of new cancers. （ B） 33% of new cancers. （ C） 12%of new cancer
49、s. （ D） 80% of new cancers. 37 Which of the following statements is NOT correct? （ A） There were 10 million cancer patients worldwide in 2000. （ B） Generally, cancer accounted for 12% of all deaths in 2000. （ C） Cancer is the cause of over 25% of all deaths in many countries. （ D） It is expected that global cancer rates will go up by 50% by 2020. 38 According to Paul Kleihues, cancer was once regarded as （ A） an incurable disease. （ B） a mysterious disease. （ C） a “W
