1、职称英语（卫生类） C级模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The more grandiose the sales pitch, the wore sceptical many senior executives become about the value of the lastest wave of decision-support software on offer. （ A） clerks （ B） managers （ C） sa
2、lespeople （ D） secretaries 2 Many of these decision-support programs are poorly conceived and can be a waste of both time and money. （ A） plan （ B） game （ C） computer （ D） software 3 Tebbuts own product, called Brainstorm, is a sophisticated software ideas organizer that is cheap, easy to use and qu
3、ite helpful. （ A） different （ B） excellent （ C） complex （ D） old 4 The current external surplus declined further. （ A） less （ B） farther （ C） few （ D） more 5 Domestic demand may thus decelerate to a more sustainable growth rate, and the unemployment rate may rise slightly. （ A） and （ B） in this way
4、（ C） later （ D） this 6 The effect of higher oil prices has been substantially offset by the recent yen appreciation. （ A） represented （ B） increased （ C） cancelled out （ D） paid 7 The command BU (Control B, -then U) underlines text. （ A） type （ B） password （ C） program （ D） instruction 8 If you make
5、 a mistake, delete the characters you have entered using the backspace delete key. （ A） remove （ B） recover （ C） install （ D） restart 9 A common application of spreadsheet software is studying company accounts. （ A） form （ B） use （ C） kind （ D） development 10 These computer programs can increase pro
6、ductivity. （ A） boost （ B） fall （ C） speed （ D） decrease 11 One drawback of having a printer at every workstation is the high cost. （ A） disadvantage （ B） mistake （ C） merit （ D） advantage 12 When machines become outdated there is a tendency to move them into other departments that have not previous
7、ly been computerized. （ A） advanced （ B） out-of-date （ C） modern （ D） cool 13 The inconvenience to users and economic cost to the nation escalate rapidly. （ A） decrease （ B） fall （ C） increase （ D） decline 14 When a great deal of word processing is carried out, standard letters and documents can be
8、stored at once. （ A） broken （ B） outdated （ C） carried back （ D） performed 15 Microcomputer proves itself more and more important in the business, so additional machines are purchased. （ A） lent （ B） bought （ C） borrowed （ D） repaired 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如
9、果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Researchers have known for years that animals have a “clock“ somewhere in their brains a control-centre that regulates circadian(生物节奏的 ) rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the bodys daily biological cycles, controlling such activities as sleep
10、 and wakefulness. In November 1988, neuroscientists at the University of Virginia in Charlotteville reported that the supra chasmatic nucleus(SCN), a small cluster(束 )of cells in the middle of the brain that neuroscientists have long suspected of playing a role in daily rhythms, is the long-sought b
11、iological clock. The investigators performed a series of tissue-transplant experiments with hamsters (仓鼠 ). Some of the animals were normal hamsters, which have a circadian cycle of 24 hours; the others were mutant(变异型 )hamsters whose cycles were only 20 or 22 hours long. The scientists first remove
12、d the SCN from the brans of the hamsters in both groups. They then implanted an SCN from a mutant hamster into the brain of each normal animal, and vice versa. When the hamsters had recovered from their operations, the circadian rhythms of the two groups were reversed. The normal hamsters had a dail
13、y cycle of 20 to 22 hours, and the mutants were on a 24-hour cycle. The identification of the internal clock is an important stepping-stone in understanding the basic, automatic mechanisms of brain function. It may also help in finding ways to relieve human sleep disorders. 16 The purpose of the exp
14、eriments was to fund out how the clock works. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 the identification of the internal clock may help to relieve human sleeping problems. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The normal hamsters had a daily cycle of 24 hour, and the mutants were on a 20-
15、hour cycle. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 SCN plays a role in daily rhythms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Scientists are cruel to do experiments with hamsters. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Biological clock tells time. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention
16、ed 22 Hamsters have sleeping problems. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 1. If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research fi
17、nding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise-and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon. 2. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and rea
18、son at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. 3. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. 4. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain
19、precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect(智能 )and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living wi
20、thout intellectual or emotional faculties. ) 5. Contraction of front and side parts-as cells die off-was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds. 6. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contracti
21、on normally associated with age-using the head. 7. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing rou
22、tine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. 8. Matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain ceils nee
23、d. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain“, he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Dont rely on pocket calculators.“ 23 A. Thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. B. The reason why people are aging. C. Scientists have worked out a way to keep peo
24、ple healthy. D. Computer technology. E. The different time of brain contraction between people in the country and in the towns. F. Measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain. 23 Para 1 _. 24 Para 4 _ 25 Para 7 _ 26 Para 8 _ 27 A. blood circulation B. slowed down C. occupa
25、tions D. intellect and emotion E. eating and breathing F. fresh oxygen 27 The rear section of the brain controls functions like _. 28 Matsuzawa wanted to find out the process of ageing could be _. 29 Through using the brain is the best way to maintain good _. 30 The front and side sections of the br
26、ain relates to _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 U.S. Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday. In a special
27、report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease. This could be because of unequal (不平等的 ) access to medical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps b
28、ecause of differences in the biology (生物学 ) of the cancer itself, the report added. “In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,“ the report said. “In describing cancer statistics for black Americans
29、, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.“ The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups (体格检查 ) earlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said mor
30、e research is needed to see if biological differences play a role; “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts,“ the organization said in a statement. But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates.
31、 “Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates (发生率 ),“ said the report. 31 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than （ A） people in other countries. （ B） white Americans. （ C） all other Americans.
32、（ D） their ancestors. 32 Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks? （ A） Unequal access to medical care. （ B） Greater probability of having other diseases. （ C） Differences in the biology of the cancer. （ D） Early diagnosis. 33 Cancer is more treatable if it is detected
33、 （ A） in an early stage. （ B） in a late stage. （ C） all of a sudden. （ D） together with other diseases. 34 Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with （ A） death rates. （ B） various cancers. （ C） unfair social differences. （ D） biological differences. 35 Since 1992, cancer death rat
34、es among black Americans （ A） have been going up and down. （ B） have remained stable. （ C） have increased. （ D） have fallen. 36 A Desert Between Paul and Clara Paul had long promised to marry Clara. But at thirty-three he met and married Alice. Clara was driven mad. Paul was taken to court. The judg
35、e ordered him to pay Clara $600 because of the broken promise. Paul had to borrow the money from a moneylender. He agreed to pay back $5 a month-for twenty years. His wages at the time were $16 a month. Paul and Alice were poor but not unhappy. They had little enough food, certainly, even before the
36、 children began to arrive. Each month Paul paid $5 to the moneylender. He worked hard, never taking a holiday, in time, there were seven mouths to feed. Illness was always with them. It grew serious when the oldest child was eight. The years of hunger weakened the family, because each month Paul pai
37、d $5. The details of the sickness were ugly, but the result was this: after twelve years of family life, Paul was alone in the world. He lived alone, except for memories. Work was not now a god for him: it was a pain-killer. Each month he paid, and in time the twenty years ended, From that moment hi
38、s wages were his own. One day, it was a holiday-he went to the seaside. He sat down on a seat by the sea. A middle-aged woman came and sat down near him. They recognized each other at once. The woman said, “The $600 has been in the bank since the day it was paid to me. It is now $6,000, and I have k
39、ept it for you. Will you let me share it with you? “No,“ said Paul, gently. “Each thousand is a lost life in a desert between us. It can never bring any happiness.“ 36 Paul was ordered to pay Clara $600 because （ A） he had borrowed $600 from her. （ B） he had broken his word to marry her. （ C） he had
40、 promised to give her $600. （ D） he had spent a lot of her money. 37 How many children did Paul and Alice have? （ A） Two. （ B） Four. （ C） Five. （ D） Eight. 38 Twelve years after his marriage, Paul was （ A） poor but not sad. （ B） very sick. （ C） free from debt. （ D） lonely and unhappy. 39 After his w
41、ife and children died, Paul turned to his work to （ A） ease his pain. （ B） forget his debt. （ C） get pleasure. （ D） seek friendship. 40 When Paul met Clara again 20 years later, he decided （ A） to share the $600 with her. （ B） not to marry her. （ C） to ask back the $600, （ D） not to refuse her offer
42、. 41 Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages. When Nightingale was 17, she told her family that she was going
43、to help sick people. Her parents did not approve, but Nightingale was determined. She traveled to hospitals all over Europe. She saw that doctors were working too hard. She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care. Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors ta
44、ke care of sick people. Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more, they needed special training in how to take care of sick people. Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing. Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Ill
45、ness. These women cared for sick people in their homes. In 1854, England was fighting a war with Russia. War reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded. People demanded that something be done about it. A leader of the government asked Florence Nightinga
46、le to take some nurses into the war hospitals. So, in November 1854, Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital. She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself. At first, the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals. They did not believe that w
47、omen could help. But in fact, the nurses did make a difference. They worked around the clock, tending the sick. Thanks to their hard work, many wounded soldiers survived. After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes. Finally, in 1860, she started the Nightingale School for Nurs
48、es. In time, thanks to Florence Nightingale, nursing became an important part of medicine. 41 Florence Nightingale was born into a rich （ A） Italian family. （ B） Russian family. （ C） English family. （ D） German family. 42 Nightingales parents did not approve of her decision （ A） to work as a doctor.
49、 （ B） to care for sick people. （ C） to fight in the war with Russia. （ D） to travel to hospitals all over Europe. 43 It was not until the war with Russia that Nightingale （ A） got to work in a hospital. （ B） began to study nursing. （ C） started to care for sick people in their homes. （ D） became the head of Gentlewomen During Illness. 44 On the battlefields Nightingale and her nurses proved to be （ A） as bad as the doctors had expected. （ B） quite generous. （ C） less than usefu
