1、职称英语（卫生类） C级模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 It is an inevitable consequence of the decision. （ A） strange （ B） certain （ C） inconsistent （ D） proper 2 It is just not credible that she would cheat. （ A） workable （ B） convincing （ C） prac
2、tical （ D） reliable 3 Who was the first man to reach the summit of Mount Everest? （ A） top （ B） bottom （ C） end （ D） site 4 A storm moved directly over the island, demolishing buildings and flooding streets. （ A） pulling down （ B） rebuilding （ C） renovating （ D） whitewashing 5 Chemical weapons are b
3、anned internationally. （ A） listed （ B） forbidden （ C） handled （ D） investigated 6 The government proposed changes to the voting system. （ A） stated （ B） declared （ C） suggested （ D） announced 7 The research should prove invaluable in the study of linguistics. （ A） useless （ B） practical （ C） little
4、 （ D） useful 8 Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent years. （ A） extended （ B） emphasized （ C） distorted （ D） illustrated 9 My friend s reply was courteous but firm. （ A） efficient （ B） respectable （ C） well-informed （ D） respectful 10 we will try our best to solve the residual problems
5、. （ A） geographical （ B） complex （ C） domestic （ D） remaining 11 That mysterious island has always fascinated me. （ A） intrigued （ B） infected （ C） inconvenienced （ D） inclined 12 Lack of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme. （ A） diverse （ B） quick （ C） positive （ D） unfavora
6、ble 13 The research team needs to confer with the director before it begins its final report. （ A） argue （ B） debate （ C） compute （ D） consult 14 His qualifications surpass the job requirements. （ A） satisfy （ B） alter （ C） exceed （ D） uphold 15 He was beginning to feel uneasy about their visit. （ A
7、） difficult （ B） surprised （ C） anxious （ D） unhappy 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against gettin
8、g ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive
9、 emotional style “can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose. “ People with a positive emotional style m
10、ay have different immune responses to the virus, “ explained lead study author Dr. Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. “ Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier peo
11、ple seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect. For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style“. Those who tend
12、ed to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteer
13、s reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold. 16 People with a sunny disposi
14、tion are immune to illness. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 According to Cohen s study, happier people are more easily to get a cold. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The conclusion that happy people were less likely to develop a cold are based on subjective measures. （ A） Rig
15、ht （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The researchers chose 193 adults who had a negative style for the study. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The researchers test their volunteers by giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） N
16、ot mentioned 21 A person with a positive emotional style must be an easy-going one. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Cohen found that families had great influence on a person s emotional style. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1
17、)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Lung Cancer 1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas
18、 than in rural districts. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of c
19、igarettes and cigars. 2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers 21 to 30 cigarettes per day the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate
20、 among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. 3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-r
21、ay machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years
22、 of age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. 4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma, so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is
23、blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest an
24、d neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy. 5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate glan
25、d and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths. A. Common Secondary Lung Cancers B. The Advantages Brought About by Routine Chest Checkup C. Relationship Between Mortality Rate From Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits D. Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers E. The Increasing Death
26、Rate From Lung Cancer and Possible Causes F. An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A. before the cancer cells spread elsewhere B. the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have C. what is most responsible for lung cancer D. as
27、some people imagine E. the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have F. which form of lung cancer is a common one 27 Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous_. 28 A primary lung cancer patient may be cured by removing the lung completely 29 People are still not sure_. 30 The more c
28、igarettes one smokes, _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal o
29、f the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “ I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford,
30、 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13, 769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percen
31、t of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast
32、, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from t
33、he University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. 31 What s the proportion of US adults who have a risk of 10% -20% to develop heart disease? （ A） More tha
34、n 80 percent. （ B） 3 percent. （ C） 15 percent. （ D） 20 percent. 32 According to the passage, which of the following may contribute to the risk of getting heart disease? （ A） Age. （ B） Ethnicity. （ C） Race. （ D） Citizenship. 33 The findings in the report are based on_. （ A） the study of physicians, r
35、esearchers and health policy analysts （ B） analysis of data from 13 , 769 subjects （ C） the data from all US adults （ D） Dr. Daniel S. Berman and Dr. Nathan D.Wong 34 Strategies to shift the overall population risk downward include_. （ A） losing weight （ B） eat less and exercise more （ C） adding mor
36、e vitamins in your diet （ D） aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies 35 The main purpose of the passage is to_. （ A） introduce that most adults in US adults have low risk of heart disease （ B） give treatment measures to reduce the risk of developing heart disease for US adults （ C
37、） describe the research made by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （ D） warn people that they should pay attention to the threat of heart disease immediately 35 Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have
38、died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased
39、 the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to d
40、ie because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at whic
41、h they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little
42、that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare“ if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves
43、, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a gre
44、at many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “ dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is
45、given by poorly paid, overworked, and underskilled personnel. 36 The writer believes that the population explosion results from_. （ A） an increase in birthrates （ B） the industrial development （ C） a decrease in death rates （ D） cultural advances 37 It can be inferred from the passage that in huntin
46、g and gathering cultures_. （ A） it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive （ B） infants could be left dead in times of starvation （ C） parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children （ D） death was considered to be freedom from hardships 38 According to the
47、passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true? （ A） Many of them have a very hard life. （ B） They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings. （ C） They rely mainly on their children for financial support. （ D） Most of them live with their chi
48、ldren and therefore are well looked after. 39 In Paragraph 3 , the phrase “this need“ refers to_. （ A） the need to prolong the lives of old people （ B） the need to enrich the life of the retired people （ C） the need to build profit-making nursing homes （ D） the need to take care of a sick and weak p
49、erson 40 Which of the following best describes the writer s attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? （ A） Sympathetic. （ B） Unfriendly. （ C） Optimistic. （ D） Critical. 40 Sleep Deficit Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic(流行病 )of sleepiness in the nation. “I cant think of a single study that hasn t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to, “ says D
