1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen. （ A） factor （ B） feature （ C） sign （ D） symbol 2 All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biologi
2、cal, chemical, and physical characteristics in common. （ A） as result of （ B） considering （ C） on purpose （ D） whatever 3 The immense change of the city astonished every member of the conference. （ A） surprised （ B） interested （ C） bored （ D） excited 4 The nursery is bright and cheerful. （ A） pleasa
3、nt （ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） unforgettable 5 Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes. （ A） Simultaneously （ B） Almost （ C） Absolutely （ D） Basically 6 Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality.
4、（ A） demand （ B） rely on （ C） prepare for （ D） create 7 While attempting to find a new route to India, Columbus discovered America by accident. （ A） sailing （ B） failing （ C） trying （ D） hoping 8 We want to know his family background. （ A） relationships （ B） members （ C） troubles （ D） income 9 Jim h
5、as gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes dont fit him any more. （ A） put off （ B） put down （ C） put on （ D） put up 10 The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm. （ A） held in （ B） held up （ C） held down （ D） held off 11 Many teachers dont like to use up-to-date textbooks i
6、n their classes. （ A） odd （ B） modern （ C） old （ D） interesting 12 I could recognize the old car at a glance. （ A） square （ B） feature （ C） flame （ D） glimpse 13 She gave up her job to look after her invalid mother. （ A） quitted （ B） lost （ C） paused （ D） retired 14 It is seldom acceptable to abbrev
7、iate words in formal writing. （ A） omit （ B） explain （ C） invent （ D） shorten 15 I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel. （ A） documents （ B） possessions （ C） children （ D） clothes 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B
8、；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 On British Newspapers Besides the daily newspapers, there are a number of Sunday newspapers in Britain. Many of them are connected with the “dailies“, though not run by the same editor and his members. The Sunday papers are larger than the daily papers and usually contain mo
9、re articles concerned with comment (评论 ) and general information rather than news. The national daily and Sun day papers have the largest circulation(发行 ) in the world. Of the Sunday papers, the Observer and the Sunday Times are the best known. It is a regrettable fact that the number of magazines o
10、f a literary or political nature has dropped down since the war. This has probably been caused by the ever-wider use of radio and television. The most successful magazines are those published for women. Their covers are designed to catch the eye, and they certainly succeed in doing so! They offer th
11、eir readers articles on cookery (烹饪法 ), fashion, needlework, and many other matters of women interest. They also provide advice to those in love, and adventures with handsome heroes. Some womens magazines also include serious articles of more general interest. The visitor who looks at the magazines
12、displayed in a large bookstall (书摊 ) which may be found in an important railway station will notice that there is a wide variety of technical or semitechnical (半专业的 ) books and magazines. There are magazines for the motorist, the farmer, the gardener, the nurse, and many others. There are many local
13、 and regional newspapers. It is common in Britain for a news agent(报刊经售人 ) to deliver (投递 ) the morning papers to his customers for a small extra payment, this service is usually performed by boys and girls who want to earn some pocket-money. 16 Some Sunday newspapers may belong to the same publishi
14、ng company but are not edited by the same group of people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 It is obvious that daily newspapers carry more information than the Sunday papers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The Observer carries more political articles than The Sunday Times. （
15、A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The most successful magazines in Britain are those published for women. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 In Britain men do not like reading magazines. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Bookstalls only sell technical or semi-technical mag
16、azines. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Many boys and girls deliver morning newspapers to make some pocket-money. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 2
17、3 Trade Unions 1 Some scholars have associated trade unions with the medieval craft guilds(中世纪的行会 ), but there are important differences between the two. The guild members were master craftsmen who owned capital and often employed workers. Unions are known as associations of workers with similar ski
18、lls. 2 In the past, individual workers had no control over the conditions of their working lives; political and economic power was concentrated in the hands of wealthy business owners. Workers found, however, that there was strength in uniting. From their earliest years, union objectives have been h
19、igher wages and improved working conditions. 3 Employers resisted, of course. They made great efforts to stop union organizing its activities. Union members were fired, workers were forced to sign contracts in which they promised not to join a union, and companies hired strikebreakers (罢工破坏者 ) and e
20、ven gunmen to frighten organizers. 4 One of the earliest successful labor organizations in the United States was the Knights of Labor, founded in 1869. The Knights, which included both skilled and unskilled workers, attempted to organize all workers into one great union. After it successfully struck
21、 the Wabash railroad owned by Jay Gould in 1885, its popularity and power grew dramatically. In 1886 the Knights had 700,000 members. 5 The decline of the Knights of Labor, however, came quickly. The strike against Gould was gradually broken, and the Knights radical positions on social issues cost t
22、hem public support. In the end, a lack of unity as well as the rapid inflow of unskilled immigrants weakened the unions economic power, and the organization came to an end. 23 A Managements Reaction to the Labor Movement B The Decline of an Early Union C Reasons for Starting a Union D Comparison bet
23、ween the Unions and the Medieval Craft Guilds E Foundation F The Development of an Early Union 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A Ask for higher wages B Fight for equal education C Employ workers D Unskilled workers E Stop Union activities F Radical positions on
24、 social issues 27 Guilders had the money to _. 28 Workers united together to _. 29 Employers would try their best to _. 30 Knights lost its popularity because it took _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Snowflakes Youve probably heard that no two snowflakes are
25、alike. Of course, nobody has ever confirmed that statement by examining every one of the estimated one septillion snowflakes that drift to Earth each year. Still, Kenneth Libbrecht, a professor at the California Institute of Technology, is confident that the statement is true. Snowflakes arent flaky
26、, says Libbrecht. At their basic level, theyre crystalline. The lattice of every snowflake is six-sided in shape. The simplest snow crystals are six-sided flat plates and six-sided columns. Such crystals are common in places where the air is extremely cold and dry. Snow crystals acquire their specia
27、l beauty when their simple six-sided symmetry blossoms. Under the right conditions, each of the six comers of a crystal sprouts what is called an arm. In a matter of minutes, the arms can become highly ornate and give the crystal a star like appearance. Several factors in the environment affect the
28、shape and growth rate of a snow crystal. One factor is humidity. Crystals grow faster and in more intricate shape as humidity increases. A second factor is air temperature. A snowflake is born when several molecules of water vapor in a cloud land on a speck of dust and freeze to form a simple crysta
29、l. As the young crystal bops around in the cloud, it passes through air pockets of varying temperatures. If the crystal passes through a pocket of air that is, say, -15 degrees Celsius, it will grow quickly and sprout six arms, says Libbrecht. If the crystal is then tossed into a warmer pocket, one
30、about -10 , the arms tips will stop growing quickly and form six-sided plates. If the crystal then drifts into an even warmer pocket of about -5 , its top and bottom will grow more quickly than its sides and become more column like in shape. In the course of its life span, a snow-crystal might flutt
31、er through many warmer and colder pockets, acquiring a complicated and unique growth history. Such a history will give rise to a snowflake that is unlike any other. Each arm on the snowflake will look exactly like every other one, but the crystal itself will be one of a kind. Using his cooling tanks
32、, Libbrecht has learned how to create snow crystals of different shapes - plates, columns, needles, etc. Libbrecht has even refined his techniques so that he can make crystals that look highly similar to one another. Still, he lacks the control to manufacture identical twin snowflakes. A slight diff
33、erence in humidity and temperature can upset the growth profile of a crystal. 31 What does Professor Libbrecht believe to be true? （ A） No two snowflakes are exactly the same in shape. （ B） Somebody has examined all the snowflakes that fall on Earth. （ C） The statement that no two snowflakes axe ali
34、ke is confirmed. （ D） None of the above. 32 What do the simplest snow crystals look like? （ A） They have six columns. （ B） They are flaky. （ C） They are cubic in shape. （ D） They are six-sided. 33 What are the factors that affect the shape and growth rate of a snow crystal? （ A） Humidity and tempera
35、ture. （ B） Water and falling speed. （ C） Air and altitude. （ D） Both B and . 34 It can be felt from the description in the 2nd paragraph that the author （ A） admires the beauty of the snowflakes. （ B） dislikes the changing growth history of the snowflakes. （ C） has a particular feeling for those flo
36、wer-like crystals. （ D） likes to compare snowflakes to the stars in the sky. 35 Libbrecht is not able to （ A） create snow crystals of different shapes. （ B） make crystals that look similar to one another. （ C） create snowflakes that are exactly alike. （ D） refine his techniques. 36 Powering a City?
37、Its a Breeze. The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries - a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips - yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines. Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the “urban
38、 turbine“ is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns. Prototypes have been
39、successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US 8,000 to US 12,000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3
40、,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10,000 kilowatt hours. But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a ro
41、of in a few hours without using a crane. Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the
42、size of Slovenia, is the most densely populated in Europe. Problems remain, however, for example, public safety concerns, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturers. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. People dont know what it would be like to wo
43、rk there, in an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic. Meanwhile, projects are under way to use minimills to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. “I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations,“ said
44、Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. “Its a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard. I dont think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard.“ 36 What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph? （ A） The flat landscape.
45、（ B） Wooden shoes and wooden windmills. （ C） Metal-pole turbines. （ D） Both A and B. 37 Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph? （ A） It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation. （ B） It is a high-tech machine designed to generate en
46、ergy for urban people. （ C） It is light and quiet and therefore more efficient. （ D） It is driven by urban wind. 38 The smallest models of an urban turbine （ A） is designed for private homes. （ B） weighs 2,000 kilograms. （ C） can be carded up to the rooftop without a crane. （ D） can be installed wit
47、h a crane. 39 Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because （ A） the Dutch are natural pioneers. （ B） the Dutch have a tradition with windmills. （ C） the Netherlands is windier than Germany, Finland and Slovenia. （ D） the Netherlands is a small country with a large population. 40 Accordi
48、ng to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology? （ A） It can be used for different purposes. （ B） It can replace nuclear power plant. （ C） It can be installed in ones backyard. （ D） Both A and . 41 Underground Coal Fires - a Looming Catastrophe Coal burning deep undergroun
49、d in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercur
