1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research. （ A） encouraged （ B） endangered （ C） endorsed （ D） enlarged 2 Photojournalist Margaret White b
2、ecame famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War. （ A） baggage （ B） orphanage （ C） reportage （ D） usage 3 Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. （ A） inadequately （ B） hardly （ C） faintly （ D） sufficiently 4 “Im not meddling,“ Mary said mi
3、ldly. “Im just curious.“ （ A） gently （ B） shyly （ C） weakly （ D） sweetly 5 In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the southern states would break away from the Union. （ A） strange （ B） certain （ C） inconsistent （ D） proper 6 Many of novelist Carson McCullers characters are isolated, disappointed people.
4、（ A） solitary （ B） gloomy （ C） feeble （ D） frugal 7 The workers finally called off the strike. （ A） put off （ B） ended （ C） cancelled （ D） participated in 8 John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting. （ A） wanted （ B） promised （ C） decided （ D） agreed 9 I catch cold now and then. （ A） always
5、 （ B） occasionally （ C） constantly （ D） regularly 10 He often finds fault with my work. （ A） criticizes （ B） praises （ C） evaluates （ D） talks about 11 The little girl grasped her mothers arm as she crossed the street. （ A） understood （ B） had a hold over （ C） took hold of （ D） left hold of 12 In ju
6、dging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. （ A） thought （ B） mind （ C） account （ D） memory 13 I can no longer tolerate his actions. （ A） put up with （ B） accept （ C） take （ D） suffer from 14 The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old m
7、an. （ A） left （ B） given up （ C） turned down （ D） refused 15 Have you talked to her lately? （ A） lastly （ B） shortly （ C） recently （ D） immediately 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题， 每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Inventor of LED When Nick
8、 Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, deve
9、loping lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $,500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to pr
10、ominent inventors. “Anytime you get an award, big or little, its always a surprise,“ Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invente
11、d a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10
12、times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt realize how
13、 many uses they would have. “You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just dont know,“ he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75
14、, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,“ that can separate molecules by size. 16 Holonyaks colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 H
15、olonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Holonyak believed tha
16、t LEDs would become very popular in the future. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22
17、 The Lemelson-M1T Prize has a history of over 100 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Some Knowledge in Physics 1 The sun is the source of most of heat k
18、nown to us. As a direct source of heat, the sun maintains life upon this planet, 150,000,000 kilometers distant. It is also an indirect source of heat. Since the earth is derived from the sun, it is to the latter that we must trace some of the earths internal heat that reveals itself through volcano
19、es, geysers (喷泉 ),and hot springs. 2 An insect is not afraid of gravity, but it is in deadly fear of another force of nature. This force is called surface tension (张力 ). A man coming out of a bath carries with him a film of water a bout one fiftieth of an inch in thickness. This weighs about a pound
20、. A wet mouse has to carry its own weight in water. A wet fly has to lift many times its own weight, and, as everyone knows, a fly once wetted by water or any other liquid is in a very serious position indeed. An insect going for a drink is in as great danger as a man leaning over the edge of a clif
21、f in search of food. If it once falls into the grip of the surface tension of the water-that is to say, gets wet-it is likely to remain so until it drowns. A few insects contrive to be unwettable; the majority keep away from their drink by means of long proboscis (喙 ). 3 When the temperature of a li
22、quid is raised enough, the liquid boils. This means that bubbles of vapor, containing millions of molecules form below the surface. In order for such bubbles to be produced, the pressure of the vapor inside them must be equal to the pressure of the air upon the surface of the liquid. If the air pres
23、sure is greater, the bubble will collapse. The boiling point of a liquid, then, is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure upon the liquid at the surface. 4 Solids also expand with increase in temperature and contract when cooled. But they do no
24、t behave quite so uniformly (相同地 ) in this respect as liquids and gases do, particularly in the case of wide variations, in temperature. Most solids expand or contract by a definite amount for every degree of the temperature that rises or falls. The amount by which no substance expands and contracts
25、 for one degree is not usually the same as that for a different substance. Thus, for a given rise in temperature, a piece of brass expands a little more than a piece of copper and much more than a piece of steel of the same size. 5 Electric trains have many advantages over those drawn by steam engin
26、es. There is no smoke to soil the passengers clothes and the cushions in the train. Because they carry on heavy loads of coal and water, these trains can start and stop with less waste of power. In a station they are silent: theres no steam to produce noise to deafen the passengers. 23 A Insects and
27、 Surface Tension B Expansion and Contraction C Temperature of Boiling Point of Liquids D Principals in physics E Advantages of Electric Trains F The Solar Energy 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A the bubble will collapse B heat C energy D the liquid boils E dif
28、ferent from that for a different subtance F surface tension 27 The planet is also an indirect source of _. 28 An insect doesnt fear gravity, but is afraid of _. 29 when the air pressure is greater, _. 30 The amount by which no subtance expands and contracts for one degree is _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题
29、3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 A Society without a Formal Authority In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeare
30、d to be “quite friendly with each other without a formal authority ! Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong familiarity with the tasks
31、of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others
32、to action by examples. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain co
33、nditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale. Of co
34、urse, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the form
35、al authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives. 31 Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage? （ A） From 1710 to 1780, European soldiers came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes. （ B） European soldiers were quite friendly to the Indian g
36、roups. （ C） The Indian groups had no leaders. （ D） The Indian groups only obeyed their own gods. 32 Members of the tribes got others to do something by _. （ A） telling them what to do （ B） showing them how to do it （ C） making them obey the order （ D） persuading them to do it 33 According to the aut
37、hor, it is hard to imagine a workable society without _. （ A） a recognized authority （ B） enough money （ C） examples （ D） changes 34 After reading the passage, you may conclude that _. （ A） the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns （ B） the Indians are too simple-minded to live in a mo
38、dern society （ C） our system is much better than the Indians （ D） the Indian social system would be very difficult to implement in our society 35 It can be inferred from the passage that many tasks in our society have to be carried out _. （ A） under severe weather conditions （ B） with great efforts
39、（ C） without any delay （ D） with great care 36 External Rewards Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve perf
40、ormance at work and school. Cognitive (认识学派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful us
41、e of small monetary (金钱的 ) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激 ) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a re
42、latively challenging task, they show the most creativity,“ says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in New York. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.“ A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards o
43、r who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In earlier grades, the use of socalled token economies,
44、 in which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 36 Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _. （ A） the choice between spiritual encourag
45、ement and monetary rewards （ B） the amount of monetary rewards for students creativity （ C） the study of relationship between actions and their consequences （ D） the effects of external rewards on students performance 37 What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
46、（ A） They have no doubts about them. （ B） They have doubts about them. （ C） They approve of them. （ D） They avoid talking about them. 38 Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger? （ A） Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before. （ B） Assignin
47、g them tasks which require inventiveness. （ C） Giving them rewards they really deserve. （ D） Giving them rewards they anticipate. 39 It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _. （ A） rewarding poor performance may k
48、ill the creativity of students （ B） punishment is more effective than rewarding （ C） failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards （ D） discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency 40 The phrase “token economies“(Line 1, Para. 5) probabl
49、y refers to _. （ A） ways to develop economy （ B） systems of rewarding students （ C） approaches to solving problems （ D） methods of improving performance 41 Children and Parents Do parents owe their children something? Yes, they owe them a great deal. One of their chief obligations is to give their children a sense of personal worth, for self-esteem is the basis of good mental health. A youngster(青少年 )who is constantl
