1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Have you talked to her lately? （ A） lastly （ B） finally （ C） shortly （ D） recently 2 While we dont agree, we continue to be friends. （ A） Whoever （ B） Where （ C） Although （ D） Whatever 3 Enorm
2、ous sums of money have been spent on space exploration. （ A） Much （ B） Large （ C） Small （ D） Fixed 4 About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer. （ A） every year （ B） severely （ C） actively （ D） every month 5 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident. （ A）
3、secrets （ B） details （ C） benefits （ D） words 6 We will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams. （ A） effect （ B） account （ C） effort （ D） discount 7 There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library. （ A） small （ B） total （ C） good （ D） great 8 The chair
4、man proposed that we should stop the meeting. （ A） showed （ B） suggested （ C） agreed （ D） believed 9 Mary has blended the ingredients. （ A） made （ B） mixed （ C） cooked （ D） eaten 10 They agreed to modify their policy. （ A） clarify （ B） define （ C） change （ D） develop 11 The dentist has decided to ex
5、tract her bad tooth. （ A） take out （ B） break off （ C） push in （ D） dig up 12 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September. （ A） play （ B） show （ C） send （ D） tell 13 This table is strong and durable. （ A） long-lasting （ B） extensive （ C） far-reaching （ D） eternal 14 He endured gre
6、at pain before he finally expired. （ A） fired （ B） resigned （ C） died （ D） retreated 15 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror. （ A） smiling （ B） laughing （ C） shouting （ D） staring 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有
7、提及，请选择 C。 16 The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept acr
8、oss the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,“ say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物 ) are r
9、eleased; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 ) and polar (级地的 ) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of
10、 its land. The coral (珊瑚 ) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate-they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on eart
11、h. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released main
12、ly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution. 16 The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 High tide
13、s used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warmi
14、ng will be. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history Of civilization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming. （ A） Righ
15、t （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Electro
16、magnetic Energy 1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible
17、 light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. 2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. 3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnet
18、ic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的 ) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,
19、 television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in k
20、illing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. 4. Usually we use electricity to
21、generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy s
22、tored in coal came from the sun, too. 5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass c
23、an be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用 ) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子 ) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release
24、millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦 ). 6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to
25、operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy. 23 A Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns Energy B The Most Important Source of Energy C Types of Electromagnetic Energy D he Machines Used for Energy Generation E Seeking
26、 New Sources of Energy F The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation in Medicine 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A when it is absorbed by matter B when it is cloudy C because they can pass through solid objects D when the sunrays are fierce E when a change in the nucleus
27、of an atom takes place F when electron rearrangement takes place 27 One can get a sunburn even _. 28 Infrared radiation can produce heat _. 29 X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer _. 30 Chemical energy is generated _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题
28、选 1个最佳选项。 31 Ocean Noise Pollution Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drillin
29、g, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels (分贝 ) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land cau
30、ses pain to human ears. in water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect. Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼 ). A team of America
31、n and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises-can seriously injure some animals; The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing Whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of
32、 the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed (出血 ) and become infected (感染 ). Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels. They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from h
33、arming creatures in the ocean. 31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures? （ A） The sound of a car. （ B） The sound of voices. （ C） Man-made noise pollution. （ D） The sound of steps. 32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the fol
34、lowing EXCEPT （ A） sounds made by animals themselves. （ B） ocean drilling. （ C） underwater earthquakes. （ D） the breaking of ice fields. 33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph? （ A） The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean. （ B） Different place
35、s may have different types of noises. （ C） The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise. （ D） Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises. 34 Which of the following is true of whales? （ A） They wont be confused by noises. （ B） They are deaf to noises. （ C） The
36、ir ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises. （ D） Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises. 35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future? （ A） They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution. （ B） They will protect animals from harmf
37、ul noises. （ C） They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels. （ D） They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution. 36 Lifetime Employment In Japanese Companies In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or univers
38、ity to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off. One result of
39、 this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to ones company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prep
40、ared to put his firms interests before those of his immediate family. The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are perform
41、ing during a short period of time, They can afford to take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts. This marriage between the employee and the company-the consequence of lifetime employment-may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing
42、and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products. 36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee （ A） leaves his company only when business is bad. （ B） gets a job soon a
43、fter he leaves school or university. （ C） can work there throughout his career. （ D） can have his serious mistakes in work corrected. 37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Family and company interests are equally important. （ B） The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company. （ C
44、） Ones future is guaranteed through hard work. （ D） Devotion to ones company is encouraged. 38 Lifetime employment influences ones （ A） achievements at work. （ B） performance at work. （ C） career options. （ D） attitude toward work. 39 The Japanese worker is fond of his companys products because of （
45、 A） his marriage with the daughter of the president. （ B） the close link between him and his company. （ C） his willingness to work overtime. （ D） his active participation in quality control. 40 The passage mainly discusses （ A） how lifetime employment works in Japan. （ B） what benefits lifetime empl
46、oyment has brought to Japanese workers. （ C） what lifetime employment is. （ D） how lifetime employment is viewed. 41 Dreams of Flight The story of mans dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself. According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly. He and
47、 his son had been kept on an island, in order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (蜡 ) into which he stuck bird feathers. During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax. He was drowned in the sea. The father was supposed to have continued his Night and reached Sicily, seve
48、ral hundred miles away. There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly. But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death. The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a sto
49、ne. It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely. The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century. He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water. Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight. He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow sphere
