1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment. （ A） anger （ B） doubt （ C） love （ D） surprise 2 The document was compiled by the Department of Health. （ A） written （ B） printed （ C） attach
2、ed （ D） sent 3 Hes spent years cultivating a knowledge of art. （ A） sharing （ B） using （ C） denying （ D） developing 4 Weve seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues. （ A） clear （ B） regular （ C） quick （ D） great 5 Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. （ A） polite （ B） simi
3、lar （ C） usual （ D） bad 6 We can no longer put up with his actions. （ A） bear （ B） accept （ C） support （ D） oppose 7 Loud noises can be irritating. （ A） confusing （ B） interesting （ C） stimulating （ D） annoying 8 That player is eternally arguing with the referee. （ A） desperately （ B） constantly （ C
4、） eventually （ D） extensively 9 The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan. （ A） unclear （ B） firm （ C） short （ D） neat 10 Gambling is lawful in Nevada. （ A） popular （ B） booming （ C） legal （ D） profitable 11 Have you talked to her lately? （ A） lastly （ B） finally （ C） shortly （ D） rec
5、ently 12 While we dont agree, we continue to be friends. （ A） whoever （ B） where （ C） Although （ D） Whatever 13 Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration. （ A） Much （ B） Large （ C） Small （ D） Fixed 14 About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer. （ A） every y
6、ear （ B） severely （ C） actively （ D） every month 15 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident. （ A） secrets （ B） details （ C） benefits （ D） words 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文 的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 The Smog
7、(烟雾 ) For over a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for 50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring
8、countries including Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous(有毒的 ), Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed(喘息 )and coughed as they left the house and their eyes
9、watered immediately. The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot(烟灰 )covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed(用胶管浇 )from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog. Finally, heavy rains, which came in November. Put out the fires an
10、d clear the air. But the environmental costs and health problems will remain Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes(汽车排放的废气 )and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties
11、 for the first time. Wildlife has suffered too. In lowland forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog. But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Fog often hung over t
12、he capital. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents. About 4,000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952. 16 Indonesia was in crisis because of the drought. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The s
13、mog spread to neighbouring countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Water was used to try to break up the smog. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Many Indonesians blamed the
14、government for the drought. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The forest animals havent been affected by the smog. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The word “smog“ first appeared in 1952. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务
15、： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个 最佳选项。 22 Cloning(克隆 ): Future Perfect? 1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into
16、cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create WTO identical calves(牛犊 )using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully, but the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: “W
17、e will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years,“ he told the world. 2 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced: “We will
18、be introducing a law to ban any human cloning and many states in the U.S. will have passed anti cloning laws by the end of the year.“ 3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Jou
19、rnal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning wi
20、ll lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸 )with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will
21、 probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro cloners(赞成克隆的人 ). A. Strong Reactions B. Anxiety
22、about the Future of Cloning C. The Right to Choose D. What is Cloning? E. Arguments in Favor of Cloning F. A Common Sight 23 Paragraph 1_. 24 Paragraph 2_. 25 Paragraph 3_. 26 Paragraph 4_. 26 A. the nucleus of a cell B. cloned human beings C. a human being in two years D. a law to ban human cloning
23、 E. a report on human cloning F. heavy media coverage 27 Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_ 28 Richard Seeds announcement received_ 29 The United States will introduce 30 Within ten years scientists will probably have 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Bene
24、fited or Hurt For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true for workers in poor countries? The answer is that they are even more likely than their rich country counterparts to benefit, because they have le
25、ss to lose and more to gain. Orthodox economics takes an optimistic line on integration and the developing countries. Openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to flow to poor economies. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be
26、higher than in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labor have already been used up. If pool countries lower their barriers to trade and investment, the theory goes: rich foreigners will want to send over some of their capital. If this inflow
27、of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment, it will supplement domestic savings and loosen the financial constraint on additional investment by local companies. If it arrives in the form of new foreign controlled operations, FDI, so much the better: this kind of capital brings
28、 technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labor and partly by making labor more productive. This why workers in FDI receiving countries should be i
29、n an even better position to profit from integration than workers in FDI sending countries. Also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same static and dynamic gains from trade should apply in developing countries as in rich ones. This gain from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because
30、 the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets though trade do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa. Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. In all these
31、transactions, sides exporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders and workers can gain. 31 According to the passage, who may be reasonably afraid of the globalization? （ A） Workers in rich countries. （ B） Workers in poor countries. （ C） Both of them. （ D） None of them. 32 The phrase “
32、take an optimistic line on“ in the second paragraph probably means to_. （ A） take the same side with （ B） hold the optimistic idea about （ C） stand at the same line with （ D） stand in the opposite line with 33 What can be the ultimate result of the inflow of the resources? （ A） It will supplement do
33、mestic savings. （ B） It will loosen the financial constraint. （ C） It will push incomes up. （ D） It will bring technology and skills from abroad. 34 Which of the following statements is correct? （ A） A rich country gets benefits through trade at the expense of its poor country trading partners. （ B）
34、 A poor country gets benefits through trade at the expense of its rich country trading partners. （ C） In trade one side or the other must lose because the benefits must come from somewhere. （ D） In trade it is possible for every part involved winning at the expense of nobody. 35 Which can be the mos
35、t appropriate title for this passage? （ A） Benefited or Hurt. （ B） Who Benefits the Most. （ C） Grinding the Poor. （ D） The Inflow of Resources. 35 The Natural Balance Being Altered The balance of nature is a very elaborate and delicate system of check and countercheck. It is continually being altere
36、d as climates change, as new organisms evolve, as animals or plants spread to new areas. But the alterations have in the past, for the most part, been slow whereas with the arrival of civilized man, their speed has been multiplied much: from the evolutionary time-scale where change is measured by pe
37、riods of ten or a hundred thousand years, they have been transferred to the human time-scale in which centuries and even decades count. Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature. He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions. Sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciou
38、sly. He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slagheaps and other products of his civilization. He gets rid of some species on a large scale, but favors the multiplication of others. In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspec
39、t of the planet than has nature in five million years. Many of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequences. Who would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade? Or that
40、 provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers wives would have led to Eastern Australia being covered with forests of prickly pears? Who would have predicted that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coast, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semi-desert with the ver
41、y soil washed away from the bare rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Ocean, AIDS around the whole world? These are spectacular examples, but examples on a smaller scale are e
42、verywhere to be found. We made a nature sanctuary for rare birds, providing absolute security for al1 species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of birds multiplies beyond measure and drive away the rare kinds in which we are particularly interested. We see, owing to some little change
43、 brought about)by civilization, the starting spread over the English countryside in hordes. We improve the yielding capacities of our cattle; and find that how they exhaust the pastures which were sufficient for less demanding stock. We gaily set about killing the carnivores that disturb our domesti
44、c animals, the hawks that eat our fowls and game-birds; and find that in so doing we are also removing the brake that restrains the multiplication of mice and other little rodents that gnaw away the farmers profits. 36 The authors concern with the balance of nature, as evidenced by this passage, is
45、best defined as （ A） intense and objective （ B） conscientious but humorless （ C） sincere and subjective （ D） deep but dry 37 So far as the alterations of the balance of nature are concerned, man_. （ A） is somewhat more responsible than nature itself （ B） plays a much greater role than nature itself
46、（ C） has done more than nature in recent years （ D） is more likely to blame than nature 38 It can safely be inferred from the article that_. （ A） civilized man is No. 1 enemy of nature （ B） altering the balance of nature will definitely lead to mans extinction from the planet （ C） modem technology s
47、ometimes makes peoples life worse rather than better （ D） most deserts and senti-deserts are due to the cutting down of forests 39 This passage can best be characterized as_. （ A） a reminiscence of times past （ B） a thoughtful essay on natures laws （ C） a lament that so many species vanished （ D） an
48、 objective discussion of civilization 40 The word “unforeseen“(Line 1)in Paragraph 3 means_. （ A） that have never been seen （ B） that have never been experienced （ C） that cannot be accepted （ D） that cannot be expected 40 The Teachers Influence upon the Development of Attitudes Of all the areas of
49、learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire“ is one instance: another is the rise of dictators like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive: in the other it was indirect and accumulative. The Nazis were filled largely
