1、职称英语（综合类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The Mayan civilization flourished on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. （ A） profited （ B） gained （ C） benefited （ D） prospered 2 The field of international finance involves policies and pro
2、cedures that affect the flow of money and credit among countries. （ A） appraisal （ B） numeration （ C） availability （ D） circulation 3 When an electric current flows through a wire, a magnetic field appears around the wire. （ A） travels （ B） vibrates （ C） alternates （ D） fluctuates 4 It was difficult
3、 to see ships in the distance because of the fog. （ A） sweat （ B） haze （ C） dew （ D） frost 5 Many tourists are attracted to the New England states by the autumn foliage. （ A） weather （ B） leaves （ C） festivals （ D） harvest 6 Though chess players may now compete against computers, they still follow r
4、ules that were used over 800 years ago. （ A） come after （ B） abide by （ C） recite （ D） allow 7 The harpsichord, developed during the Middle Ages, was one of the forerunners of the piano. （ A） competitors （ B） imitators （ C） predecessors （ D） offspring 8 Strict sanitary procedures help to forestall o
5、utbreaks of disease. （ A） prevent （ B） control （ C） minimize （ D） preview 9 Even the best-build machine will not run forever without proper maintenance. （ A） eternally （ B） smoothly （ C） dependably （ D） accurately 10 For financial reasons, scientists are often compelled to forsake their research. （
6、A） extend （ B） resume （ C） abandon （ D） redirect 11 Archaeologists have discovered fossils of million-year-old animals in excavations. （ A） remnants （ B） graves （ C） records （ D） paws 12 The oldest preserved manuscripts are those written on papyrus, which were found in Egyptian tombs. （ A） protected
7、 （ B） hidden （ C） sought （ D） discovered 13 Maryfrosted the cake. （ A） served （ B） iced （ C） split （ D） cooled 14 In the first decades of the twentieth century, the individual gene could not be seen, but could be worked with fruitfully. （ A） blindly （ B） completely （ C） productively （ D） carefully 1
8、5 Grounded whales often struggle fruitlessly to reenter deep water. （ A） violently （ B） desperately （ C） in vain （ D） at length 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 The Fat Problem that Men Face It is a pleasure
9、 to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they dont hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem, especially not in mixed company. They pref
10、er to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problem might only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing. The age at which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the earl
11、y 30s, but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms. Ive watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety. He tells
12、 me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them “tailored“. Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often wives and children play important roles in their fat-inspection rituals. Take my oldest brother, a former college football player. His
13、 daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out, “Fat, medium or thin?“ She knows the correct answer: medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch, and fat may not get her that new video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning(before the da
14、ys meals take their toll),puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says, “Am I getting fatter? “ His wife is expected to answer, “You look like you may have lost a few pounds.“ And then there are the ex-husbands a pitiful group. They
15、are extremely vocal. When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasnt eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restauran
16、t, where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive. Do I think hes fat? 16 Men of a certain age are always ready to talk about their fat problem. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Women of a certain age do not discuss the fa
17、t problem, especially in the presence of men. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Men usually begin to worry about their weight when they are nearly 40. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The journalist used to drink Diet Coke and tuck his shirts in order to keep trim. （ A） Right （
18、B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Men older than the journalist never hesitate to talk about their fat problem yet would be displeased if their family members tell them the truth. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 My oldest brothers daughter would not tell her father he is fat because she lov
19、es him so much that she cannot bear to upset him. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The ex-husbands are pitiful because they have got no wives to sympathize with their fat problem. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给
20、的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 How to Learn Language Successfully 1 Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem
21、 to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them. 2 First of all, successful language learners
22、are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher； they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guesters who look for clues and form their own conclusi
23、ons. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes. 3 Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language； they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these peopl
24、e to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is
25、 more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every world. 4 Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them t
26、o learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it. 5 What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning ind
27、ependently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above. 23 A Ways to Learn a Language Successfully B Learning a Language Purposefully C Learning a Language Actively D Learning a L
28、anguage Independently E Learning from Mistakes F Learning to Think in the Target Language 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 27 A to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules B to expand vocabulary C to use the target language D to encourage unsuccessful language
29、learners to learn independently, actively and purposefully E from clues F to say strange things 27 Successful language learners derive conclusions_ 28 Independent language learners rely on themselves_ 29 Active language learners seize every opportunity_ 30 The author wrote this text_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-4
30、5题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 War and Conflict The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition amon
31、g social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competitio
32、n are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary be
33、cause it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for t
34、he inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The str
35、uggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, bu
36、t rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The s
37、uccessful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. 31 In the fi
38、rst paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to_. （ A） argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies （ B） smooth out the conflicts in human societies （ C） distinguish between two kinds of opposition （ D） summarize the characteristic features of opp
39、osition and cooperation 32 According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_. （ A） it results in war in most cases （ B） it induces efforts to expand territory （ C） it is a kind of opposition among social entities （ D） it is essentially a struggle for existence 33 The phrase “functi
40、on in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means_. （ A） betray each other （ B） harm one another （ C） help to collaborate with each other （ D） benefit one another 34 The author indicates in the passage that conflict _. （ A） is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition （ B） r
41、eflects the struggle among social animals （ C） is an opposition among individual social entities （ D） can be avoided 35 The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“. （ A） Is war inevitable? （ B） Why is there conflict and competition? （ C） Is conflict desirable? （ D） Can competition le
42、ad to conflict? 35 System of Criminal Trial How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawy
43、ers on each side are so en- grossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the ju
44、ry. Critics like to compare our “adversarial“ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At tha
45、t time trial by “ordeal“ especially a religious event was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were
46、 largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally, this historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance
47、, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it i
48、n their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S.A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans la
49、wyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare them themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track dow
