1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with .one another. （ A） work （ B） profit （ C） rely （ D） prove 2 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links. （ A） den
2、ied （ B） investigated （ C） stressed （ D） created 3 The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle. （ A） fatal （ B） hateful （ C） good （ D） useful 4 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune. （ A） control （ B） spend （ C） collect （ D） exchange 5 Its impolite to cut in when two pe
3、rsons are holding a conversation. （ A） leave （ B） talk loudly （ C） stand up （ D） interrupt 6 I wonder what your aim in life is. （ A） symbol （ B） goal （ C） action （ D） attitude 7 I have no alternative but to report him to the local police. （ A） opinion （ B） means （ C） choice （ D） selection 8 The inde
4、cisive man was readily persuaded to change his mind again. （ A） easily （ B） hardly （ C） subtly （ D） suddenly 9 It is useless to argue with him once he has made up his mind. （ A） settled （ B） solved （ C） said （ D） decided 10 The father was unwilling to give his son the keys to his car. （ A） reluctant
5、 （ B） eager （ C） pleased （ D） angry 11 We consume a lot more than we are able to produce. （ A） waste （ B） buy （ C） use （ D） sell 12 As a writer, he turned out three novels that year. （ A） refused （ B） read （ C） produced （ D） accepted 13 Winston Churchill gave a moving speech. （ A） nervous （ B） fooli
6、sh （ C） stirring （ D） fast 14 We tried to restrict our conversation to arguments relevant to the topic. （ A） put （ B） suit （ C） confine （ D） resort 15 It doesnt stand to reason that he would lie. （ A） seem logical （ B） look pleasant （ C） appear obvious （ D） sound important 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共
7、7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 They Say Irelands the Best Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week. The ambitious attempt to
8、 compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazi
9、ne calls “freedom, family and community life“. Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤 ), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimba
10、bwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的 ), picking up only 3.89 points. “Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued,“ the report said, “some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown (崩溃 ) in traditional i
11、nstitutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.“ “Ireland Wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life.“ The magazine admitted measuring quality
12、 of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics. No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain. The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly
13、 because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均国内生产总值 ) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th. 16 For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for
14、 humans to live in. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Job security is the least important measure of life quality. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable. （ A） R
15、ight （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 To measure life quality is easy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The United Stat
16、es of America is among the top 10 countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Global Warming 1 Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, protecting the p
17、lanet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse (温室 ) effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses. 2 This was the dram
18、atic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel prizewinner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UNs Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 3 IPCC scientists have suspected f
19、or a decade that aerosols (浮质 ) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物 ) emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cu
20、tting increases by 0.2 . So the 0.6 of warming over the past century would have been 0.8 without aerosols. 4 But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increases by 1.8 . If so, the good news is
21、 that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed. 5 As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize
22、or fall, that means “dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change“, the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop. 23 A. Atmospheric Scientists B. The Calculations Made at the Berlin Workshop C. The Previous Calculations of the Effect of Aerosols D. The Scientists Agreeme
23、nt E. The Authoritative Conclusion F. Greenhouse Gases 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 27 A. will influence future climate change B. was somewhat surprising C. will rise rapidly D. was known to us all E. was much higher than had been expected F. will drop dramatically
24、 27 When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature_ 28 The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop_ 29 The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure_ 30 The increase of greenhouse gases_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 New Foods and the New
25、 World In the last 500 years, nothing about people - not their clothes, ideas, or languages has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树 ) by South American lndians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 150
26、0%. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely
27、 grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒 )“ of 1845 - 1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the O
28、ld World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s. Ac
29、cording to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one third of the worlds population now starts the day with. 31 According to the passage,
30、which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? （ A） Food. （ B） Clothing. （ C） Ideology. （ D） Language. 32 “Some“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to （ A） some cocoa trees. （ B） some chocolate drinks. （ C） some shops. （ D） some South American Indians. 33 Thousand
31、s of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine“ because （ A） they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else. （ B） they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. （ C） the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes. （ D） the pota
32、to harvest was bad. 34 Which country is the largest coffee producer? （ A） Brazil. （ B） Colombia. （ C） Ethiopia. （ D） Egypt. 35 Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage? （ A） One third of the worlds population drinks coffee. （ B） Coffee is native to Colombia. （ C） Coffe
33、e can keep one awake. （ D） Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs. 36 Teaching Poetry No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed“, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and o
34、nce at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation“ of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet re
35、ad the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting (背诵 ) it. I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important
36、 than “analyzing“ it, if there isnt time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “a criticism of life“, and “a heightening (提升 ) of life“. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling“, and it “can save your life“. It also deserves a place i
37、n the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who dont like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its esse
38、ntial nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it. 36 To have a better understanding of a poem, one should （ A） discuss it with others. （ B） analyze it by oneself. （ C） copy it down in a notebook. （ D） practis
39、e reading it aloud. 37 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of poetry? （ A） Extending your life. （ B） Saving your life. （ C） Criticizing life. （ D） Heightening life. 38 According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students （ A） to understand life. （ B）
40、to enjoy poetry. （ C） to become teachers. （ D） to become poets. 39 What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply? （ A） More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry. （ B） The teaching of poetry is more important than any other subject. （ C） One cannot enjoy life fully without an un
41、derstanding of poetry. （ D） Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses. 40 The phrase “make room“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by （ A） build a booth. （ B） provide equipment. （ C） leave a certain amount of time. （ D） set aside enough space. 41 “Salty“ Rice Plant B
42、oosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent se
43、veral years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. T
44、he aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 1Om hectares (公顷 ) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长 ) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林 ) that crea
45、te swamps (沼泽 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透 ) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发 ) by the heat, leavi
46、ng salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little sa
47、lt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for survivin
48、g salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. 41 Which of the following statements about F
49、lowers and Yeo is true? （ A） They are students at Sussex University. （ B） They are rice breeders. （ C） They are husband and wife. （ D） They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 42 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme （ A） to find ways to prevent water pollution. （ B） to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil. （ C） to breed rice plants that taste salty. （ D） to find ways to remove exces
