1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Maria Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyed Garrison, wrote many brochures condemning slavery. （ A） slogans （ B） short poems （ C） sentiments （ D） short pamphlets 2 Its ev
2、ident that her handling of them has bruised the peaches. （ A） promulgated （ B） infatuated （ C） damaged （ D） infuriated 3 Messalinas name has become a byword for notorious behavior. （ A） an epithet （ B） an abstraction （ C） an indication （ D） an oration 4 The caliber of F. Scott Fitzgeralds writing wa
3、s reassessed by literary critics in the 1950s. （ A） idealism （ B） creativity （ C） quality （ D） imagery 5 People fishing on a lake must wait calmly so as not to scare the fish away. （ A） considerately （ B） hungrily （ C） alertly （ D） quietly 6 Laser beams can be used to bore metals and other hard mate
4、rials. （ A） trim （ B） melt （ C） drill （ D） slice 7 The cost of elections in the United States is borne by both the government and the private sector. （ A） known （ B） fought （ C） exposed （ D） assumed 8 Acknowledged as the main cause of hay fever the pollen of ragweed is very bothersome. （ A） intrigui
5、ng （ B） annoying （ C） potent （ D） significant 9 They got in quite a brawl. （ A） snit （ B） fight （ C） bally （ D） littering 10 Do you follow what I am saying? （ A） change （ B） investigate （ C） write （ D） understand 11 She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers. （ A） in a way （ B） i
6、n due course （ C） in the end （ D） in any case 12 Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doubt. （ A） result （ B） judgment （ C） decision （ D） event 13 The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct. （ A） movement （ B） words （ C） principle （ D） behavior 14 He made a considerable s
7、um of money in real estate. （ A） large （ B） positive （ C） powerful （ D） realistic 15 A crowd gathered to see what had happened. （ A） collected （ B） fixed （ C） divided （ D） assist 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C
8、。 15 Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even sc
9、rolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other
10、 computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text
11、, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks
12、. How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad.it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in th
13、em. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes(LED)mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment lat
14、er the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse i
15、ts name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface
16、 and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts. 16 Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 According to the author, general computer users need not to
17、know how the computer mouse was invented. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.
18、（ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The optical mouse is superior
19、 to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Hurricanes(龙卷风 ) Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no
20、names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability(不可预知 )factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist(性别歧视的 )nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and
21、women. Hurricanes and typhoons(台风 )are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning“big wind. “And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning “ great wind. “ To be classi
22、fied as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter. Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses(凝结 )from a gaseous state to a liquid s
23、tate over fixed points on the equator(赤道 ). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region. Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour.
24、In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we dont know how to make sure such great energy work for us. Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typi
25、cal speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening(发疯的 )if you live in a coastal area that may be hit. The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellit
26、es. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again. A. A short history of naming hurricanes B. Harnessing the hurricane energy C. Difficulty in forecasting the co
27、urse of a hurricane D. Huge energy stored in a hurricane E. Forecasting a hurricane through satellite watching F. Different names for the same things 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 26 A. the timely(及时的 )discovery B. convenience C. sex equality D. its connection wi
28、th humans E. the huge power F. its uncertainty 27 Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of_. 28 Using weather satellites can ensure_of hurricanes. 29 Energy specialists may be interested in_of hurricanes. 30 Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane
29、 due to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Seeing the World Centuries Ago If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Former or Eugene Fodor.it will not surprise you to lean that travel writing has a long and venerable history. A
30、lmost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales. One of the earliest travel writers, a Greek geographer and historian named Strabb, lived around the time of Christ. Though Strabo is known to have trav
31、eled from east of the Black Sea west to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia, he also used details gleaned from other writers to extend and enliven his accounts. His multivolumed work Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities, peoples, customs, and geographical peculiarities of the w
32、hole known world of his time. Two other classic travel writers, the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, lived in roughly the same time period. Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about A. D. 1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years, visiting several other countries
33、during his travels. When Marco returned to Italy he dictated his memoirs, including stories he had heard from others, to a scribe, with the resulting book II million being an instant success. Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he says, Marcos book impelled Europeans to begin their gre
34、at voyages of exploration. Ibn Battutahs interest in travel began on his required Muslim journey to Mecca in 1325, and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway. His travel book the Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys, court intrigues, and even
35、the effect of the Back Death in the various lands he visited. In almost 30 years of traveling it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75, 000 miles. 31 This passage is mostly about_. （ A） why people find travel writing exciting （ B） the literary style of three early travel writers （ C） w
36、here three early travel writers went and wrote about （ D） how to write a travel book 32 Ibn Battutah traveled_. （ A） to China （ B） to Ethiopia （ C） throughout the Muslim word （ D） for 16 or 17 years 33 The books by the three writers were popular because_. （ A） they listed good places to stay （ B） th
37、ey told of strange and exotic locales （ C） they explained the best routes to get to places （ D） all of their stories were firsthand accounts 34 The overall organization of this passage is through_. （ A） chronological order （ B） spatial description （ C） travel writers personal narratives （ D） persuas
38、ive details 35 In this passage attest means to_. （ A） give an examination to （ B） draw a map of （ C） tell lies to （ D） give proof of 35 The Cherokee Nation Long before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now th
39、e southeastern part of the United States. After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures
40、. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossiblethere were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long
41、, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper. In 1830, the U. S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. I
42、t belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River? The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with thei
43、r belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group
44、arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4, 000 had died. It was indeed a march of death. 36 The Cherokee Nation used to live （ A） on the American continent. （ B） in the southeastern part of the US. （ C） beyond the Mississippi River. （ D） in the western territory. 37 One of the ways that S
45、equoyah copied from the white man is the way of （ A） writing down the spoken language. （ B） making word pictures. （ C） teaching his people reading. （ D） printing their own newspaper. 38 A law was passed in 1830 to （ A） allow the Cherokees to stay where they were. （ B） send the army to help the Chero
46、kees. （ C） force the Cherokees to move westward. （ D） forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper. 39 When the Cherokees began to leave their lands （ A） they went in carts. （ B） they went on horseback. （ C） they marched on foot. （ D） all of the above. 40 Many Cherokees died on their way to their ne
47、w home mainly because （ A） they were not willing to go there. （ B） the government did not provide transportation. （ C） they did not have enough food and clothes. （ D） the journey was long and boring. 40 Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer Clever genetic detective work may have found out. the reason wh
48、y a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals. Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan(寿命 )of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the. rodents(啮齿动物 )increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinness-and not n
49、ecessarily diet-promotes long life in “calorie(热量卡 )restricted“ animals. “Its very cool work, “says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. “These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. Its like heaven. “ Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to s
