1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The price of beer ranged from 50 cents to $ 4 per liter during the summer season. （ A） changed （ B） separated （ C） differed （ D） disguised 2 It proved that the old woman she had been taking car
2、e of was indeed her own mother. （ A） turned over （ B） turned in （ C） turned down （ D） turned out 3 The court sentenced him to death for murder. （ A） lawyer （ B） tribunal （ C） attorney （ D） barrister 4 Unfortunately, the technology employed to send men to the moon is not relevant to the solution of t
3、he problems of the inner city. （ A） resultant （ B） reliant （ C） responsible （ D） related 5 I am not willing to concede that I have hurt her, because thats not my real intention. （ A） agreeable （ B） ready （ C） compliant （ D） reluctant 6 The defeated troops were ordered to scatter and then concentrate
4、 fifty miles to the south. （ A） rally （ B） attack （ C） march （ D） retreat 7 The replacement of air-polluting cars by non-pollution cars will take some time. （ A） supplement （ B） substitute （ C） replenishment （ D） complement 8 Your hair wants cutting youd better have it done tomorrow, （ A） likes （ B）
5、 requires （ C） needs （ D） desires 9 Once again Tom checked his test paper carefully to diminish all the spelling mistakes from it. （ A） eliminate （ B） abandon （ C） withdraw （ D） decrease 10 The two small independent countries entered into alliance with each other and they felt less afraid of their p
6、owerful neighbour. （ A） separation （ B） cooperation （ C） agreement （ D） union 11 Shes one of the smartest students in the whole school. （ A） most beautiful （ B） cleverest （ C） cunning （ D） hardest 12 These goods are essentially for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market. （ A） ba
7、sically （ B） completely （ C） necessary （ D） remarkably 13 Although nobody acknowledged his presence, Mr. Smith knew he had been recognized. （ A） recognized （ B） assented （ C） admitted （ D） attributed 14 When they moved to California, where there were more job opportunities, they decided to discard m
8、ost of their old furniture. （ A） abandon （ B） dismiss （ C） dislike （ D） dispense 15 The boys were charmed by the sailors tales of adventure. （ A） bewildered （ B） attracted （ C） distracted （ D） diverted 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选
9、择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Basic Research Vs. Applied Research Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly incr
10、eased as the demands upon its rise. The goal of basic research is understanding for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula (螺旋星 ) or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving
11、creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two of more human beings come into contact with one another the scope is staggering, but the commitment to truth is the same. If the commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in
12、the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness to medicine. Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immed
13、iate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by i
14、ndustry which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these profits quickly the funds the U.S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about seven percent of its overall research and developments funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research in
15、variably tends to drive out basic. Then, so Dr. Waterman has pointed out, development will inevitably be undertaken prematurely(过早的 ), career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressure
16、s to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon pure science. Tend to degrade the quality of the nations technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. 16 X-rays used in medical researches belong to the scope of basic research. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17
17、 Industry is primarily concerned with applied researches because it can bring immediate profits. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The United States Government currently concentrates its support on applied rather than on basic research. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The Found
18、ation devotes most of its funds to applied research. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 When Roentgen discovered X-rays he didnt mean to use them in medical researches. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Dr. Waterman is a strong advocate of applied research. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （
19、 C） Not mentioned 22 Many scientists think basic research is more important than applied research. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项 测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 1. Lets now briefly cons
20、ider a generally honored but sometimes maligned type of scientist, the theorist. Theorists are considered separately, since they are the rarest, most fascinating, and most important of the species scientificus. Their motivational system most often is that of the Player, although occasionally it is t
21、hat of the Operator. 2. Although theorists are often viewed as cold, rational, deliberate machines, they are generally almost the opposite of this popular picture. They are usually individuals of strong feelings who have the ego of actors and an irrational, almost mystic attachment to particular vie
22、ws of their discipline. The appearance of cool deliberation is their public face, which often represents only their disdain for contact with the spectators. 3. There are important occupational differences between theorists and other scientists. Theorists set the framework within which others do thei
23、r research. Those other than the theorists do the important work of filling in details of existing theories. Nontheorists fulfil a relatively safe and useful function. Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist unless he or she happens to accumulate evidence con
24、trary to the status quo. 4. What is the general personality makeup of theorists? Are they normal, neurotic, or even psychotic? They rarely fit the pattern of middle-class normality, and yet they are intensely in touch with their own reality. Perhaps they dont fit any of the usual categories. George
25、Bernard Shaw once said “The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man. “Perhaps his message was to tolerate the dissenters, the faddists, the kooks, and in general those w
26、ho disagree with what we know is rightso long as they dont become too violent. Tolerate them, not out of any sense of humanity but for crass self-interest. A few of them are innovators, and society needs them infinitely more than they need society. 5. In reviewing all the groups of scientists and sc
27、ience-trained individuals we have encountered, we find a range of individuals spread over the whole spectrum of human behavior but with some important common characteristics. Scientists are neither super men nor naive children. They are not foggily absent-minded or unrealistic; rather, many of the t
28、hings they consider important and real are often quite different from those of the “everyday“ world. 23 A.Differences between theorists and other scientists B.They need society C.Theorists characters D.The importance of unreasonable persons E.Their own reality F.Scientists supermen or not 23 Paragra
29、ph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 27 A.the progress of human society B.so long as they can C.is both cold and rational D.more than they need society E.within framework set by theorists F.allaying the game of science 27 A theorist pursues science mainly for _. 28 It is gen
30、erally thought that a theorist in science is an individual who _. 29 Non-theorists in science do their research _. 30 Theorists contribute to _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Art of the middle Ages In the art of the Middle ages, we never encounter the persona
31、lity of the artist as an individual; rather it is diffused (普及的 ) through the artistic genius of centuries embodied (具体表达 ) in the rules of religious art. Art of the middle Ages is first a sacred(神的，宗教的 ) script, the symbols and meanings of which were well settled. The circular halo placed verticall
32、y (神学 ,神性 ). By bare feet, we recognize God, the angels, Jesus Christ and the apostles (使徒 ), but, for an artist to have depicted the Virgin Mary with bare feet would have been tantamount (等价的 ) to heresy (异教 ). Several concentric, wavy lines represent the sky, while parallel lines water or the sea.
33、 A tree, which is to say a single stalk with two or three stylised leaves, informs us that the scene is laid on earth. A tower with a window indicates a village, and, should an angel be watching from the battlements, that city is thereby identified as Jerusalem. Saint Peter is always depicted with c
34、urly hair, a short beard, and a tonsure, while Saint Paul has always a bald head and a long beard. A second characteristic of this iconography is obedience (服从，顺从 ) to a sacred mathematic. “The Divine Wisdom,“ wrote Saint Augustine, “reveals itself everywhere in numbers,“ a doctrine attributable to
35、the neo-Platonists who revived the genius of Pythagoras. Twelve is the master number of the Church and is the product of three, the number of the Trinity, and fours, the number of material elements. The number seven, the most mysterious of all numbers, is the sum of four and three. There are the sev
36、en ages of man, seven virtues, seven planets. In the final analysis, the seven-tone scale of Gregorian music is the sensible embodiment of the order of the universe. Numbers also require a symmetry. At Charters, a stained glass window shows the four prophets, Isaac, Ezekiel, Daniel, and Jeremiah, ca
37、rrying on their shoulders the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. A third characteristic of this art is to be a symbolic language, showing us one thing and inviting us to see another. In this respect, the artist was called upon to imitate God, who had hidden a profound meaning behind the
38、 literal and wished nature itself to be a moral lesson to man. Thus, every painting is an allegory. In a scene of the final judgment, we see the foolish virgins at the left hand of Jesus and the wise at his right, and we understand that this symbolizes those who are lost and those who are saved. Eve
39、n seemingly insignificant details carry hidden meaning: The lion in a stained glass window is the figure of the Resurrection. These, then, are the defining characteristics of the art of the Middle Ages, a system within which even the most mediocre talent was elevated by the genius of the centuries.
40、The artists of the early Renaissance broke with tradition at their own peril. When they are not outstanding, they are scarcely able to avoid insignificance and banality in their religious works, and, even when they are great, they are no more than the equals of the old masters who passively followed
41、 the sacred rules. 31 The primary purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） explain why artists of the Middle Ages followed the rules of a sacred script （ B） discuss some of the important features of the art of the Middle Ages （ C） contrast the art of the Middle Ages with that of the Renaissance （ D） exp
42、lain why the Middle Ages had a passion for order and numbers 32 We can be inferred that a painting done in the Middle Ages is most likely to contain _. （ A） elements representing the numbers three and four （ B） highly stylized buildings and trees （ C） a moral lesson hidden behind the literal figures
43、 （ D） figures with halos and bare feet 33 Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author toward the art of the Middle Ages? （ A） The author understands and admires it. （ B） The author regards it as the greatest art of all time. （ C） The author prefers the music of the period to its
44、 painting. （ D） The author is disappointed that individuality is never evident. 34 All the following statements are mentioned in the passage as elements of the sacred script EXCEPT _. （ A） abstract symbols such as lines to represent physical features （ B） symbols such as halos and crosses （ C） cloth
45、ing used to characterize (赋予 特征 ) individuals （ D） symmetrical juxtaposition of figures 35 The passage would most likely to be found in a _. （ A） sociological analysis of the Middle Ages （ B） scholarly analysis of the art in the Middle Ages o （ C） pamphlet discussing religious beliefs （ D） treatise
46、(论文 ) on the influence of the Church in the Middle Ages. 36 Shopping in the supermarket Remember when a trip to the supermarket was nothing more than a boring thing requiring little or no specialized knowledge? You could send your kinds into a cart while you did shopping. You always bought the same
47、brands, usually the brands your mother bought. You didnt know about unit pricing, and furthermore, you didnt care. It never occurred to you to read the labels on anything. After all, youd bought these things a hundred times. But now, I really look on those days with a feeling of yearn. How innocent
48、we were! How carefree were those trips to the supermarket. No worries. Today a trip to the supermarket is filled with social implication. Every time I buy pork chops I think about the years Im shaving from my life. I keep a wary eye on the freshness date and examine the tamper-proof packaging. I am
49、victim of that most dangerous social disease: shoppers panic. I didnt realize how serious my condition had become until the last time I needed laundry soap. It seemed simple enough. Just run into the market, grab a box of the old reliable and pay for it. Cant get less complicated than that, right? I hadnt planned on discovering Ecover, a new brand of laundry soap. It sat quietly on the shelf right next to my old reliable. “Healthy, gentle but effective.“ My respect for it deepened with each
