1、2007年四川大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、名词解释 1 productivity(design feature of language) 2 phatic function of language 3 descriptive study of linguistics 4 bilabial consonant 5 minimal pairs 6 morpheme 7 inflection 8 compound 9 stem 10 back-formation 二、词汇题 11 rational 12 moral 13 regular 14 political 15 effec
2、tive 16 human 17 relevant 18 legal 19 proportionate 20 resistible 三、简答题 21 How is the relation between sound and meaning classified? 22 What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? 四、分析题 23 They are moving sidewalks. 24 Tom said Marl would go yesterday. 25 the synth
3、etic buffalo hides 26 the fat mayors wife 27 old man and women 2007年四川大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案与解析 一、名词解释 1 【正确答案 】 By productivity,language is designed to make its users form and understand infinitesentences， most of which are never before produced or heard 【试题解析】 本题考查语言的定义特点之一 多产性，答案从语言学教程(第三版 ) (胡壮麟主编 )(
4、以下简称教程 )第 7页可以找到，同时，考生也应掌握语言的任意性、二层性和移位性。 2 【正确答案】 Phatic function of language refers to the use of such small， seemingly meaninglessexpressions that help establish some atmosphere and maintain interpersonal relations withoutinvolving any factual content 【试题解析】 本题考查语言的寒暄功能，答案可以从教程第 12-13页总结。同时，考生也应掌
5、握语言其他功能的定 义。 3 【正确答案】 Descriptive study of linguistics is a kind of linguistic study in which linguists just tryto describe and record the language rules to which the members of a language community actuallyconform and do not seek to impose upon them other rules 【试题解析】 本题考查描写式语言学研究的定义，答案参照教程第 20页。同时
6、，考生也应了解语言学研究的其他方法，如规定式，共时和历时等概念。 4 【正确答案】 Bilabial consonant refers to the consonant articulated with the two lips 【试题解析】 本题考查双唇辅音的定义，答案参照教程第 31页。考生也应知道其他辅音与元音，以及发音器官和发音方法等概念。 5 【正确答案】 Minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language，which differ inonly one phonological element a
7、nd have a distinct meaning such as”bit”and“bet” 【试题解析】 本题考查进行音位研究中的重要概念最小对比对，参照教程第39页。 6 【正确答案】 Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship betweenexpression and content， a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying ordrastically altering the
8、 meaning， whether it is lexical o grammatical， e g good, in一，一 ed,etc 【试题解析】 本题考查形态学研究中的重要概念 语素，答案参照教程第61页。 7 【正确答案】 Inflection indicates grammatical relations by adding inflectional affixes， such asnumber,person， finiteness， aspect and case； and when inflectional affixes are added， the grammaticalc
9、lass of the stems(to which they are attached)will not change For instance， car cars， open opened， boy boys 【试题解析】 本题考查形态学领域涉及的重要概念 曲折变化，答案参照教程第 64页。 8 【正确答案】 Compound refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme， or theway to join two separate words to produce a single form，
10、such as railway， sunrise， laptop 【试题解析】 本题考查构词法中的复合概念，答案参照教程第 65页。 9 【正确答案】 Stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix canbe added， e g， friend-in friends， friendshipin friendships 【试题解析】 本题考查语素类型中的词干定义，答案参照教程 第 63页。同时，考生应能区分词干与词根等概念。 10 【正确答案】 Back-formation ref
11、ers to an unusually abnormal type of word-formation where ashorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language Forexample， editor edit， enthusiasm enthuse 【试题解析】 本题考查构词法中逆构词法概念，答案参照教程第 63页。同时，考生应能灵活掌握其他类型的构词法，如新创法，混成法，缩写词，缩略语，类推构词及借词等。 二、词汇题 11 【正确答案】 irr
12、ational 12 【正确答案】 immoral 13 【正确答案】 irregular 14 【正确答案】 unpolitical 15 【正确答案】 ineffective 16 【正确答案】 inhuman 17 【正确答案】 irrelevant 18 【正确答案】 illegal 19 【正确答案】 disproportionate 20 【正确答案】 irresistible 【试题解析】 本题型旨在考查考生对词缀的灵活运用，比如能在所给词的基础上加上前缀、中缀或后缀，以期构成派生词。在英语中，前缀与后缀使用较为广泛。考生应在学习中不断总结词缀附加的方法和规律，这样，不仅可以学好
13、词汇学的内容，同时也可以扩大词汇量。考生尤其是要能够把握英语中常用的前、后缀，如表示否定的前缀 dis-， un， in-(il-， im-， ir-)等，和表示名词的后缀 -tion，一 ment等。 三、简答题 21 【正确答案】 The relation between sound and meaning can be classified in terms of arbitrariness and duality, two design features of language. By arbitrariness, we mean that there is no logical co
14、nnection between sound and meaning, the two subsystems of language. But language is not absolutely arbitrary, there is a matter of convention existing between sound and meaning, e.g., onomatopoeia. By duality is meant the language property of having two levels of structures: meaningful units and mea
15、ningless segments(e.g. sounds). The only function of finite sounds is to combine with one another to form units that having meaning, such as words, and with thousands of words we associate infinite meanings with the help of some rules. 【试题解析】 本题通过音、意关系的探讨， 考查考生对语言定义特征中的任意性和二重性的把握。任意性认为语言的音、意间没有天然的联系
16、，但同时也并不否定它们之间存在一定的规约性。语言的二重性特点不仅构筑了音、意间的紧密关系，同时也更好地阐释了 “有限的语音，无限的意义 ”这一重要命题。答案可参照教程第 4-6页总结。 22 【正确答案】 The distinction is sometimes known as a distinction between inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes. First, inflectional affixes are generally less productive than derivational affixes: t
17、hey very often only add a minute or delicate grammatical function to the stem. Therefore, they serve to produce different forms of a single lexeme. However, derivational affixes are very productive in making new words. Second, inflectional affixes do not change the word class of the word they attach
18、 to, whereas derivational affixes might or might not. Third, whether one should add inflectional affixes or not depends very often on the other factors within the phrase or sentence. However, derivational affixes are more often based on simple meaning distinctions. In English, inflectional affixes a
19、re most suffixes, which are always word finals, but derivational affixes can both be prefixes and suffixes. 【试题解析】 本题着重考查词汇学中的曲折词缀和派生词缀的区分，答案可参照教程第 63-64页的总结。 四、分析题 23 【正确答案】 They are moving sidewalks. 24 【正确答案】 Tom said Marl would go yesterday.This sentence has the following two understandings:25 【正确答案】 the synthetic buffalo hidesThis phrase has two different understandings depending on the part of speech of “hides“.26 【正确答案】 the fat mayors wife 27 【正确答案】 old man and women 【试题解析】 本题旨在考查考生对直接成分分析法应用到句法结构尤其是歧义结构分析中的情况，考生应能够熟练运用树形图和括弧法进行分析，相关介绍可参照教程第 87-89页内容。
