1、2007年天津外国语学院英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、选择题 1 Michelangelo was the greatest sculptor of the sixteenth century. We admire the products of his genius but we less frequently pause to consider the magnitude of the tasks he undertook, the problems he encountered, and even failureshe may have suffered. （ A） hu
2、ge size （ B） large amount （ C） magnificence （ D） hardships 2 He sat there for many days in meditation, opening himself up to the truth. （ A） solace （ B） boredom （ C） silence （ D） contemplation 3 He had a legendary ability to judge the quality of a block of marble; it was even said that he could see
3、the figure imprisoned in it and all he would do was to release it. （ A） fabulous （ B） legitimate （ C） imprudent （ D） unreal 4 He told them he had never turned the gods into ridicule, as he knew it was wrong to make fun of anything which others considered sacred. （ A） miracle （ B） silly image （ C） lo
4、ud holler （ D） inappropriate icon 5 “Well, thats just one of the scientific creeds about the origin of life,“ I explained, “but nobody knows the absolute facts.“ （ A） predictions based on prior knowledge （ B） beliefs or principles （ C） myths that do not really exist （ D） anticipations that scientist
5、s hold 6 “When we first invested in the digital network setup, many people found it hard to understand what we were doing because the investment involved several hundred million Yuana large sum of money by anyones standards.“ The presumption is that each installed household would eventually pay a fe
6、e of 200 Yuan per year. （ A） hypothesis that is taken for granted （ B） immediate result （ C） adjustment to the new environment （ D） mandatory requirement 7 In a competitive sector, understanding and implementing valuable content in the midst of technological innovation may eventually give TBI and li
7、ke-minded media companies wider profit margins. （ A） with mutual respect （ B） equally powerful （ C） similar in operational strategies （ D） sharing financial and human resources 8 In a survey of nine random middle school students, none could name any participants in the youth competition. （ A） chosen
8、 with deliberation （ B） chosen without any definite plan or order （ C） chosen with carefulness （ D） chosen carelessly 9 The Chinese version of Meetic is planning to screen its customers by imposing a relatively high membership charge. （ A） enlarge the number of （ B） prevent from swarming in （ C） exa
9、mine closely （ D） adopt selectively 10 The Beijing Olympic security command center set up a control center for the softball championship, which had subdivisions in charge of the security of the competition venues, athletes accommodations, traffic and other areas. （ A） the box where all the VIPs stay
10、 （ B） The playground for competition （ C） the setting where the competition takes place （ D） the sports hall that the players and spectators go 11 The Ministry of Science and Technology also said in July that an independent watch-dog will be created to scrutinize the use of research funds. （ A） crit
11、icize with bias （ B） justify with evidence （ C） provide with assistance （ D） examine with great care 12 Manual dexterity may be compromised by arthritis, affecting ability to grasp, manipulate and maneuver objects. （ A） skills （ B） clumsiness （ C） adroitness （ D） twitch 13 The most revered god in Ch
12、inese mythology is the dragon, which played an important role in ancient worship. （ A） feared with spirit （ B） aspired with a desire （ C） respected with reasons （ D） adored with awe 14 In the past eight years, IKEA only opened three outlets, while its rival B besides they wanted the meat. It made me
13、 vaguely uneasy. I had no intention of shooting the elephantI had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessaryand it is always unnerving to have a crowd following you. I marched down the hill, looking and feeling a fool, with the rifle over my shoulder and an ever-growing army of people j
14、ostling at my heels. At the bottom, when you got away from the huts, there was a metalled road and beyond that a miry waste of paddy fields a thousand yards across, not yet ploughed but soggy from the first rains and dotted with coarse grass. The elephant was standing eight yards from the road, his
15、left side towards us. He took not the slightest notice of the crowds approach. He was tearing up bunches of grass, beating them against his knees to clean them and stuffing them into his mouth. I had halted on the road. As soon as I saw the elephant I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to
16、shoot him. It is a serious matter to shoot a working elephantit is comparable to destroying a huge and costly piece of machineryand obviously one ought not to do it if it can possibly be avoided. And at that distance, peacefully eating, the elephant looked no more dangerous than a cow. I thought the
17、n and I think now that this attack of “must“ was already passing off; in which case he would merely wander harmlessly about until the mahout came back and caught him. Moreover, I did not in the least want to shoot him. I decided that I would watch him for a little while to make sure that he did not
18、turn savage again, and then go home. But at that moment I glanced round at the crowd that had followed me. It was an immense crowd, two thousand at the least and growing every minute. It blocked the road for a long distance on either side. I looked at the sea of yellow faces above the garish clothes
19、faces all happy and excited over this bit of fun, all certain that the elephant was going to be shot. They were watching me as they would watch a conjurer about to perform a trick. They did not like me, but with the magical rifle in my hands I was momentarily worth watching. And suddenly I realized
20、that I should have to shoot the elephant after all. The people expected it of me and I and got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly. And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the rifle in my hands, that I first grasped the hollowness, the futility
21、of the white mans dominion in the East. Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowdseemingly the leading actor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind. I perceived in this moment tha
22、t when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the natives and so in every crisis he has got to do what
23、the “natives“ expect of him. He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it. I had got to shoot the elephant. I had committed myself to doing it when I sent for the rifle. A sahib has got to act like a sahib; he has got to appear resolute, to know his own mind and do definite things. After reading ea
24、ch of the following questions, choose the ONE correct answer, and indicate it by writing down the letter that stands for it. In all questions only ONE answer is correct. This is stressed in some questions, but remember that the rule applies to all of them. 21 The essential point of the story is that
25、_. （ A） Orwell regretted the streak of cruelty that had led him to shoot an elephant （ B） Orwell, as an official, had to defend the Burmese crowd by shooting the elephant （ C） a foreign ruling class has to behave in the way that the conquered natives expect it to behave （ D） circumstances can lead m
26、enas they led Orwell in this storyto carry out more extreme actions than were necessary （ E） members of a crowd react more emotionally than individuals do. 22 When the Burmans told him that the elephant was in the paddy fields below they were passing on_. （ A） accurate information （ B） vague rumour
27、（ C） a surprising new fact （ D） what they thought would please Orwell （ E） information that might make Orwell more willing to shoot elephant 23 “Practically“(L. 3)means_. （ A） almost （ B） as a sensible action （ C） in a practical manner （ D） quite （ E） exactly 24 When Orwell says that the Burmans “fl
28、ocked“(L. 3)to follow him he suggests that they were_. （ A） in a violent hurry （ B） keen to do the same as everyone else （ C） in a panic （ D） eager to be of help （ E） genuinely alarmed 25 “Ravaging“(L. 5)means_. （ A） plundering （ B） ruining （ C） damaging （ D） devastating （ E） anxious 26 “Unnerving“(
29、L. 9)means making him_. （ A） weak （ B） enervated （ C） irresolute （ D） depressed （ E） uprooting 27 When the crowd first began to follow Orwell(L. 3)he felt_. （ A） embarrassed （ B） worried （ C） surprised （ D） frightened （ E） amused 28 “Jostling“(L. 10)means_ （ A） touching （ B） struggling （ C） pushing
30、（ D） jogging （ E） converging 29 Which ONE of the following words could be used to describe the paddy fields(L. 11-12)? （ A） arable （ B） well-drained （ C） infertile （ D） neglected （ E） hard 30 A careful reading of L. 14-15 shows that though the elephant was tearing the grass violently, his real motiv
31、e in beating it against his knees was to_. （ A） knock the soil and dirt off （ B） frighten the crowd （ C） hurt his own knees as an angry gesture （ D） satisfy his instincts （ E） eat quickly before he was recaptured 31 Which ONE of the following arguments against shooting the elephant is not mentioned
32、by Orwell? （ A） The elephant reacted calmly to the crowds approach （ B） It was worth a great deal of money to its owner. （ C） Its attack of temporary frenzy was passing away. （ D） It looked as though one could still class it as domesticated. （ E） It deliberately avoided eating the growing rice. 32 “
33、Garish“(L. 25)means_ （ A） showy （ B） gaudy （ C） vulgar （ D） colorful （ E） cheap 33 “Grasped“(L. 31)means_ （ A） clutched （ B） comprehended （ C） discovered （ D） accepted （ E） resented 34 There was “hollowness“ and “futility“(L. 31)in the Europeans rule of Burma because _. （ A） their power was declinin
34、g （ B） they were less powerful than they seemed （ C） they were compelled to act in a traditional way （ D） their rule was unproductive and ineffectual （ E） foreign rulers never really understood the genuine needs of native subjects 35 All the following words are used literally with the ONE EXCEPTION
35、of_ （ A） miry(L. 11) （ B） perfect(L. 16) （ C） blocked(L. 24) （ D） sea(L. 25) （ E） futility(L. 31) 36 The Burmese crowd followed Orwell(L. 27-28)because it was _. （ A） afraid of the elephant （ B） eager to do what everyone else was doing （ C） impressed by his powers of leadership （ D） cruel and keen t
36、o kill the elephant （ E） fascinated to see what would happen next 37 Orwell felt like a puppet because he_. （ A） resembled a conjurer about to perform a trick （ B） was a victim of the crowds mass hysteria （ C） was afraid of being laughed at （ D） was doing what the crowd wanted him to do （ E） felt he
37、 was appearing in front of an audience 38 Which ONE of the following statements about Orwells change of mind is NOT true? （ A） He armed himself with a rifle in case the elephant was more dangerous than he expected. （ B） The fact that the crowd followed him made him less sure what to do. （ C） As soon
38、 as he saw the elephant he realized it was dangerous. （ D） At a later point in time he decided to watch the elephant for a short time and then go away. （ E） He finally decided he must kill the elephant because the crowd expected him to. 39 Which ONE of the following words does NOT make us aware of O
39、rwells hesitation and his unwillingness to disappoint the crowd? （ A） unnerving(L. 8) （ B） halted(L. 15) （ C） glanced(L. 23) （ D） seemingly(L. 32) （ E） committed(L. 38) 40 “A sahib has got to act like a sahib“(L. 39)means that a British civil servant in Asia_. （ A） always had to do what his own clas
40、s expected him to do （ B） won the respect of the natives if he played to the gallery and acted dramatically （ C） could never appear to change his mind in public （ D） had to put a bold face on events （ E） always needed to act cruelly 三、选词填空 40 Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “unt
41、aught minds“ to come in blinding【 K1】 _or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the【 K2】 _on a piece of cheese and get the idea for【 K3】 _there and then. He experimented with【 K4】 _substances for nine years before he made his【 K5】 _. Inv
42、entions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they【 K6】 _. The【 K7】 _is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goa
43、land so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The【 K8】 _difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work【 K9】 _on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful【 K1
44、0】 _, professional innovators see as solid possibilities? 41 【 K1】 42 【 K2】 43 【 K3】 44 【 K4】 45 【 K5】 46 【 K6】 47 【 K7】 48 【 K8】 49 【 K9】 50 【 K10】 四、翻译 50 【 F1】 It was this rarest and greatest of endowments which kept his vivid imagination and great speculative powers within due bounds; which comp
45、elled him to undertake the prodigious labors of original investigation and of reading, upon which his published works are based; which made him accept criticisms and suggestions from anybody and everybody, not only without impatience, but with expressions of gratitude sometimes almost comically in e
46、xcess of their value, 【 F2】 which led him to allow neither himself not others to be deceived by phrases and to spare neither time nor pains in order to obtain clear and distinct ideas upon every topic with which he occupied himself. One could not converse with Darwin without being reminded of Socrat
47、es. There was the same desire to find some one wiser than himself; the same belief in the sovereignty of reason; the same ready humor; the same sympathetic interest in all the ways and works of men. 【 F3】 But instead of turning away from the problems of Nature as hopelessly insoluble: our modern phi
48、losopher devoted his whole life to attacking them in the spirit of Heraclitus and of Democritus. with results which are the substance of which their speculations were anticipatory shadows. None have fought better, and none have been more fortunate, than Charles Darwin. 【 F4】 He found a great truth t
49、rodden underfoot, reviled by bigots, and ridiculed by all the world: he lived long enough to see it. chiefly by his own efforts, irrefragably. established in science, inseparably incorporated with the common thoughts of me. and only hated and feared by those who would revile, but dare not. What shall a man desire than this? Once more the image of Socrates rises unbidden, and the noble peroration of the “Apology“ rings in our ears as if it wer
