1、2008年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、阅读理解 0 The 1960s witnessed two profound social movements: the civil rights movement and the movement protesting the war in Vietnam. Although they overlapped in time, they were largely distinct. For a brief moment in 1967, however, it appeared that the two movements mi
2、ght unite under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. Kings role in the antiwar movement appears to require little explanation, since he was the foremost advocate of nonviolence of his time. But Kings stance on the Vietnam War cannot be explained in terms of pacifism alone. After all, he was som
3、ething of a latecomer to the antiwar movement, even though by 1965 he was convinced that the role of the United States in the war was indefensible. Why then the two years that passed before he translated his private misgivings into public dissent? Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize Amer
4、ican foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government. 1 According to the passage, the delay referred to in lines 7-9 is perhaps attributable to which of the following? （ A） Kings ambivalence concerning the role of the United States in the w
5、ar in Vietnam. （ B） Kings desire to keep the leadership of the civil rights movement distinct from that of the antiwar movement. （ C） Kings desire to draw support for the civil rights movement from the leadership of the antiwar movement. （ D） Kings reluctance to jeopardize federal support for the ci
6、vil rights movement. 2 The author supports the claim that “Kings stance on the Vietnam War cannot be explained in terms of pacifism alone“(lines 6-7)by implying which of the following? （ A） King, despite pacifist sympathies, was not convinced that the policy of the federal government in Vietnam was
7、wrong. （ B） Kings belief in nonviolence was formulated in terms of domestic policy rather than in terms of international issues. （ C） Opponents of United States foreign policy within the federal government convinced King of their need for support. （ D） Had Kings actions been based on pacifism alone,
8、 he would have joined the antiwar movement earlier than he actually did. 3 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the movement opposing the war in Vietnam? （ A） It preceded the civil rights movement. （ B） It was well underway by 1967. （ C） It was supported by many who otherwis
9、e opposed public dissent. （ D） It drew support from most civil rights leaders. 4 Which of the following best describes the passage? （ A） It discusses an apparent inconsistency and suggests a reason for it. （ B） It outlines a sequence of historical events. （ C） It shows why a commonly held view is in
10、accurate. （ D） It evaluates an explanation and finally accepts that explanation. 4 Theorists are divided concerning the origin of the Moon. Some hypothesize that the Moon was formed in the same way as were the planets in the inner solar system(Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Earth)from planetforming mater
11、ials in the presolar nebula. But, unlike the cores of the inner planets, the Moons core contains little or no iron, while the typical planet-forming materials were quite rich in iron. Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earths rocky mantle by the Earths collision with another
12、 large celestial body after much of the Earths iron fell to its core. One problem with the collision hypothesis is the question of how a satellite formed in this way could have settled into the nearly circular orbit that the Moon has today. Fortunately, the collision hypothesis is testable. If it is
13、 true, the mantle rocks of the Moon and the Earth should be the same geochemically. 5 The primary purpose of the passage is to_. （ A） present two hypotheses concerning the origin of the Moon （ B） discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the collision hypothesis concerning the origin of the Moon （ C）
14、propose that hypotheses concerning the Moons origin be tested （ D） argue that the Moon could not have been formed out of the typical planet-forming materials of the presolar nebula 6 According to the passage, Mars and the Earth are similar in which of the following ways? I. Their satellites were for
15、med by collisions with other celestial bodies. II. Their cores contain iron. III. They were formed from the presolar nebula. （ A） III only. （ B） I and III Only. （ C） II and III only. （ D） I, II and III. 7 The author implies that a nearly circular orbit is unlikely for a satellite that_. （ A） circles
16、 one of the inner planets （ B） is deficient in iron （ C） is different from its planet geochemically （ D） was formed by a collision between two celestial bodies 8 Which of the following, if true, would be most likely to make it difficult to verify the collision hypothesis in the manner suggested by t
17、he author? （ A） The Moons core and mantle rock are almost inactive geologically. （ B） The mantle rock of the Earth has changed in composition since the formation of the Moon, while the mantle rock of the Moon has remained chemically inert. （ C） Much of the Earths iron fell to the Earths core long be
18、fore the formation of the Moon, after which the Earths mantle rock remained unchanged. （ D） Certain of the Earths elements, such as platinum, gold, and iridium, followed iron to the Earths core. 8 Why write about literature? Certainly not to be rewarded with money, fame, and love, as Freud suggested
19、 about artists, and not from any assurance of being widely read. General readers may dip into reviews of new books but seldom feel compelled to read literary criticism, especially now that books and writers are less central to American culture than they were fifty years ago. Even professors of liter
20、ature rarely assign critical works to their students, much as they may borrow from them, since literature itself rightly fills out the syllabus. Critics confronting the other arts have the bracing challenge of translating paintings or string quartets or jazz performances into another medium; literar
21、y critics too often play a losing game of paraphrase as their language competes with the works they are describing. Criticism can do much to illuminate all kinds of art, but few works, even famously difficult ones, actually cry out for criticism. 9 The passage DOES NOT make a contrast between_. （ A）
22、 art critics and literary critics （ B） literature and literary criticism （ C） general readers and professors of literature （ D） literature and other kinds of art 10 In line7, the phrase “another medium“ refers to_. （ A） literature （ B） newspaper （ C） language （ D） another form of art 11 Which of the
23、 following statements can be inferred from the passage? （ A） The purpose of literary criticism is not to earn money, fame and love. （ B） Literary criticism has a suspicious status since it cannot illuminate the works it is describing. （ C） Literary criticism is now less popular among general readers
24、 than it used to be fifty years ago. （ D） Even professors of literature nowadays rarely read literary criticism. 12 According to the passage, literary critics and art critics are different in which of the following ways? I. Art critics can attract the attention of media, while literary critics canno
25、t. II. Art critics and literary critics are faced with different readers. （ A） only I. （ B） only II （ C） Both I and II （ D） Neither I nor II. 12 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal pointsperiods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear
26、and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical stu
27、dies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?“ and “How did it happen?J have give
28、 way to the question “Why did it happen?“. Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why“ is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations
29、when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians
30、 have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts“ not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature
31、that transcends history, It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their thesis
32、. Psychohis-torians, convinced of the absolute Tightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest“ explanation of any event, that other explanations all short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history(in the sense of the proper mode
33、of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imp
34、oses upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances
35、. 13 Which of the following best states the main point of the passage? （ A） Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians. （ B） The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiabili
36、ty of traditional historical method. （ C） Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians. （ D） The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life. 14 It can be in
37、ferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually_. （ A） views past events as complex and having their own individuality （ B） relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical events （
38、 C） interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcended （ D） turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events 15 It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used by psychohistorians probably from_. （ A） presenting their materi
39、al in chronological order （ B） producing a one-sided picture of an individuals personality and motivations （ C） uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusions （ D） offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historical events 16 T
40、he passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions? （ A） When were the conventions governing the practice of traditional history first established? （ B） When do traditional historians consider psychological explanations of historical developments appropriate? （ C） What so
41、rt of historical figure is best suited for psychohistorical analysis? （ D） What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians? 17 The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians? （ A） The lives of historical figure
42、s are presented in episodic rather than narrative form. （ B） Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars. （ C） Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema. （ D） Analysis is focused on group behavior rather than on particul
43、ar events in an individuals life. 18 The author of the passage suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as_. （ A） a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, for the most part, unverifiable （ B） an episodic account that lacks cohesion b
44、ecause records of the role of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are rare （ C） a record of the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events （ D） a proof of the existence of intricate causal interrelationships between past and pres
45、ent events 19 The author of the passage puts the word “deepest“(para. 4, line 7)in quotation marks most probably in order to_. （ A） signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians claims for their work （ B） draw attention to contradiction in the psychohistorians method （ C） emphasize
46、the major difference between the traditional historians method and that of psychohistorians （ D） disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians; claims from her opinion of their method 20 In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT:_. （ A） contrast the underlying assump
47、tions of psychohistorians with those of traditional historians （ B） dexcribe some of the criteria employed by traditional historians （ C） Question the adequacy of the psychohistorians interpretation of events （ D） Point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians application of their methods 二、句子改错
48、21 Minoru Yamasaki is an American architect which works departed from the austerity frequently associated with architecture in the United States after the Second World War. 22 Thunder can be listened from a maximum distance of about ten miles except under unusual atmospheric conditions. 23 The basic
49、 elements of public-opinion research are interviewers, questionnaires, tabulating equipment, and to sample population. 24 There is evidence that the caribou originated into North America and crossed over all land bridge into Asia and evolved into the Old Worlds reindeer. 25 The Egyptians first discovered that drying fruit preserved it, made it sweeter, and improvement its flavor. 26 The bold way in which Margaret Mead defined the terms “family“ based as much on choice as on biological relationshipis possi
