1、考研英语模拟试卷 138及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Portable devices are becoming lighter and more appealing. Books are being (1)_ into digital form by the thousands. The most importa
2、nt (2)_ forward may be in “digital ink,“ the technology used for (3)_ letters on a screen. A small company called E Ink has created a method for (4)_ tiny black and white capsules into words and (5)_ with an electronic charge. Because no power is used (6)_ the reader changes the page, devices with t
3、he technology could go (7)_ 20 books between battery charges. The text also looks just as (8)_ as ink on a printed page. Sony is the first major player to take (9)_ of the technology. This year. it will market the Sony Reader, which uses E Ink and closely (10)_ the size, weight, and (11)_ of a book.
4、 The Reader will sell (12)_ about $400. Sony also will offer roughly 10,000 book (13)_ for download from its online store, (14)_ news stones. Other players try to catch the opportunity, too. At least two (15)_ companies are introducing digital readers this year. And scores of companies, from Google
5、to Random House Inc., are planning other ways to (16)_ from digital books. All this (17)_ to the influence of Apple Computer Inc With its iPod, Apple has (18)_ that millions of people are willing to carry around digital devices with their favorite content, (19)_ music, why not novels and nonfiction?
6、 According to one CEO with a large publishing company, the iPod led the way in getting people comfortable with a similar device for books. Such things are not only (20)_, but a good idea. （ A） scanned （ B） compiled （ C） skimmed （ D） edited （ A） pace （ B） step （ C） rhythm （ D） march （ A） displaying （
7、 B） indicating （ C） manifesting （ D） providing （ A） organizing （ B） sorting （ C） ordering （ D） arranging （ A） visions （ B） pictures （ C） images （ D） sights （ A） if （ B） until （ C） unless （ D） as （ A） as long as （ B） as soon as （ C） as early as （ D） as good as （ A） clear （ B） obvious （ C） sharp （ D）
8、acute （ A） profit （ B） superiority （ C） benefit （ D） advantage （ A） mimics （ B） imitates （ C） estimates （ D） stimulates （ A） sense （ B） feel （ C） feeling （ D） appearance （ A） of （ B） for （ C） at （ D） out （ A） lists （ B） names （ C） ranks （ D） titles （ A） in addition （ B） in spite of （ C） as for （ D）
9、along with （ A） spare （ B） more （ C） further （ D） extra （ A） benefit （ B） enhance （ C） promote （ D） profit （ A） belongs （ B） leads （ C） owes （ D） comes （ A） displayed （ B） demonstrated （ C） determined （ D） discovered （ A） After （ B） From （ C） Apart （ D） Beside （ A） inevitable （ B） inexhaustible （ C）
10、 inexpressible （ D） inflexible Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 When executives at Google went looking for Wall Street investment bankers to underwrite the companys massive initial public offering, they la
11、id down strict terms of engagement: bring us new ideas on how to sell the deal to investors and save the usual political gamesmanship. But with such a huge payday at stake an estimated $100 million in fees for handling the offering would you expect all the big firms to play by the Google rules? Of c
12、ourse not. Just ask Goldman Sachs. To win a chunk of the Google business, Goldman, the nations premier investment bank, set free its CEO, Hank Paulson, to pull some strings. Paulson is one of Wall Streets best “call men“, who can wave a Palm PDA full of connections when its crunch time to bring home
13、 a deal. But News week has learned that Paulson tried to sidestep Googles orders by reaching out to one of Googles largest investors, Kleiner Perkins, the powerful venture-capital firm that was an early Google backer. The move helped doom Goldmans efforts to win the lead underwriting spot, which wen
14、t instead to Credit Suisse First Boston and Morgan Stanley. Paulson thought his best shot was John Doerr, one of Kleiners top partners. Bad move. When word of Paulsons misstep got back to Googles top executives, Goldman was quickly bumped from the top of the short list. “The people at Google were su
15、ch enthusiasts about the rules,“ said one executive who works at a rival Wall Street firm. “When they heard about this, they went ape.“ None of the parties involved Google, Goldman Sachs or Doerr would comment. The two winners, CSFB and Morgan Stanley, managed to keep a low profile. John Mack, CSFBs
16、 famously well-connected chief executive, purposely stayed out of the bidding process for fear that he might tip the scales to another player, people with knowledge of the matter say. Meanwhile, new rules for Wall Street research analysts appear to have prevented Mary Meeker, Morgan Stanleys top Int
17、ernet analyst, from playing a direct role, even though she and Doerr have done business together for years. Goldman, meanwhile, cant blame its loss just on Paulson. People close to the deal say bankers for the firm bragged to Google about the Goldman name, and didnt generate enough ideas about how t
18、o sell shares to investors through an auction. “Their lack of marketing wit may have hurt them more than Paulson,“ said the executive from a rival firm. Sometimes, it really does pay to play by the rules. 21 What can be inferred from the first paragraph? （ A） Google followed the rules of Wall Street
19、. （ B） Goldman Sachs disobeyed Googles rules. （ C） Goldman Sachs followed Googles rules. （ D） Big firms in Wall Street are afraid of Google. 22 Hank Paulsons name is mentioned to show that （ A） he is a famous banker in Wall Street. （ B） he failed by following Googles rules. （ C） he lost Googles deal
20、 by using gamesmanship. （ D） he lost Googles deal to his rivals. 23 The speaker in the third paragraph thinks that （ A） John Doerr was the best shot for Paulson. （ B） Goldman was wrong in Googles deal. （ C） Google made a fuss about Paulsons act. （ D） Google followed the rules perfectly. 24 John Mack
21、 and Mary Meeker shared similarities in that they both （ A） behaved with deliberate restraint or modesty. （ B） purposely stayed out of the bidding process. （ C） worked together with Doerr for years. （ D） tipped the scale to their rivals. 25 Goldman might learn a lesson from Googles deal that （ A） th
22、ey should not unleashed its CEO to pull some strings. （ B） they should always play by the rules. （ C） Paulson is not the right person to lead the bank. （ D） its vital to have good perception in marketing. 26 Last year, Americas Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, thought it would be a
23、good idea to organize a robot race across the Nevada desert. The idea of the Grand Challenge, as DARPA dubbed it, was for autonomous robot vehicles to steer a 227 km(142 mile) course and claim a $1 m jackpot. This would be a first step towards DARPAs ultimate goal of being able to build unmanned sel
24、f-driving military vehicles and thus keep American troops out of harms way on the battlefield. This years crop of 23 entrants were offered an even greater incentive a $2m prize for the winner. That, plus the intervening 18 months, seems to have done the trick. This time, five vehicles finished the 2
25、11 km course. The winner, a modified Volkswagen Touareg dubbed Stanley by its makers, a team from Stanford University, did it in a mere six hours and 54 minutes. Stanley was, of course, specially hardened by its designers for the rough terrain of the Nevada desert. The clever bit, however, was the v
26、ehicles brain. This was designed and built by the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL). Stanleys brain consists of six top-of-the-range Pentium chips wired collaboratively together. It is programmed with special software that is able to learn from its mistakes. This software mastered t
27、he tricks of collision-avoidance in a series of desert test runs conducted before the race started. Like all brains, Stanleys has a range of sensory inputs to process. A global positioning system (GPS) receiver tells it where on the Earths surface it is. Television cameras, radar and four laser base
28、d distance monitors tell it what its surroundings are like. By comparing its GPS location with its pre-programmed destination (announced only a few hours before the race began), it knew which way it wanted to go. And, by studying its surroundings, it could work out what looked like the safest route
29、that was also in approximately the right direction. Although Stanley carried off the laurels, the other four finishers did respectably. Sandstorm managed a time just ten minutes behind the winner while her sister vehicle Highlander came in ten minutes after that. GrayBot and TerraMax, the other two
30、course-completers, came in at seven hours 30 minutes and 12 hours 51 minutes, respectively. So smart, autonomous vehicles can, indeed, find their way across several hundred kilometres of desert. The question is, what next? DARPAs answer, of course, will be to go down the military route. But this sor
31、t of technology has obvious civilian applications as well, as Sebastian Thrun, the head of both SAIL and the Stanford racing team, is keen to emphasize. Dr. Thrun thinks that it could lead to self-driving road vehicles within 30 years andmore immediately to greatly improved collision-avoidance syste
32、ms. Whether the freeways of California will prove as easy to navigate as the gulches of Nevada, though, remains to be seen. 26 The purpose of holding a robot race is to （ A） adventure through the Nevada desert. （ B） delevop unpiloted vehicles for military use. （ C） win a $lm jackpot. （ D） keep Ameri
33、can troops unharmed. 27 Stanley won the race most probably because （ A） there were only 23 vehicles competing in the race. （ B） it has 18 months to prepare for the race. （ C） it is specially made for the desert. （ D） the brain of the vehicle was delicate and intelligent. 28 If put in new surrounding
34、s, Stanley may （ A） get totally lost. （ B） need to be controlled by people. （ C） study and work out its own way. （ D） wait for orders to move. 29 Dr. Thrun strongly hold that the autonomous vehicles （ A） play an important role in military field. （ B） will be applied in daily transportation. （ C） wil
35、l soon be more accessible for common people. （ D） have great market value. 30 From the text we can conclude that the robot race （ A） was a waste of time and money. （ B） attracted nationwide attention. （ C） encouraged the development of autonomous vehicles. （ D） will not be organized again. 31 The ka
36、kapo is widely regarded as the worlds most absurd bird. It is a flightless, night-active parrot that lives in New Zealand. It is thus a prime example of the sort of evolutionary experiment that happens on islands that lack serious predators. Now, sadly, the kakapo population has been reduced to a fe
37、w dozen individuals. But efforts to preserve the species have led to another sort of experiment one that has produced the best evidence so far for a so called sex-allocation theory. Bruce Robertson, of the University of Canterbury, and his colleagues, have been studying a mystery. To keep the kakapo
38、 population going, conservationists have been feeding the birds in particular, the females so that they stay above the minimum weight they need to breed. That worked splendidly as far as it went. Between 1997 and 2005 the adult population rose from 50 to 83. But the sex ratio went haywire. Those 83
39、birds are divided into 45 males and 38 females. Moreover, females were producing twice as many sons as daughters. Since another of the kakapos peculiarities is its breeding system in which the male plays no part in raising the young, the survival prospects of the species are not enhanced by this bia
40、sed sex ratio. Dr. Robertson suspected that the sex ratio was not an accident. In all species the number of descendants left by individual males is more variable than the number left by individual females. That means your daughters are more likely to have at least some children than your sons, but s
41、uccessful sons have many more children than successful daughters. In a species like the kakapo, where the males have to display to the females in a fashion show, and where only the showiest males get picked to reproduce, it makes sense to have sons only if they are likely to be the best males around
42、. Other wise it is better to have daughters. And so it seems to be with the kakapo. By provisioning the birds with as much food as they can eat, females have been brought to the peak of condition the ideal state to produce top-class sons. And they have done so, in abundance. To test the correctness
43、of this idea, Dr. Robertson and his team devised a more sophisticated feeding schedule that took account of each females starting weight and fattened her up to the point at which she was capable of reproducing, but not much further, The result, just published in Biology Letters, was that the sex rat
44、io settled down at a more sensible 50:50. Though it did not actually drop to favor daughters, that is still an impressive agreement with theory. It might even save the kakapo from extinction. 31 What can be inferred from the description of kakapo? （ A） It is the result of an evolutionary experiment.
45、 （ B） It shares many common features of parrot. （ C） Most parrots can fly and are active in the daytime. （ D） It is brought to New Zealand by immigrants. 32 The word “haywire“(Paragraph 3) most probably means （ A） unexpected. （ B） uncontrollable. （ C） broken. （ D） normal. 33 Bruce Robertson and his
46、colleagues have been studying on （ A） the minimum weight of the females needed for breeding. （ B） the peculiarities of kakapos breeding system. （ C） the causes of uneven sex ratio existed in kakapo. （ D） the protection of kakapo. 34 The fourth paragraph explained that （ A） male descendants tend to o
47、utnumber female descendants. （ B） female descendants tend to outnumber male descendants. （ C） kakapos tend to have sons if they are the best males around. （ D） kakapo females need to be the showiest around. 35 The study proved that the cause of the sex-ratio problem is （ A） the born rate of the male
48、 kakapo. （ B） the feeding amount of the female kakapo. （ C） the starting weight of the female kakapo. （ D） the total amount of the male kakapo. 36 IBMs year-old, $2.5 billion computer-chip plant in East Fishkill, N.Y., is a manufacturing marvel. Three-hundred robotic tools, six miles of networking c
49、able and more computing power than NASA uses to launch the space shuttle all work together to produce tens of millions of chips a year each with circuitry 800 times thinner than a human hair. Not that youll find much human hair around the plant. Other chip plants need about 400 employees at all times to operate the Complex machinery. But today at East Fishkill, 100 engineers per shift oversee a totally automated production line. Last winter, when a fierc
