1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 138 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live【1】 competing interests. Your roommates need
2、to study for an exam may take【2】over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the【3】 of your romantic interest may have other options. In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and【4】consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, w
3、e want to influence【5】 others believe and behave. We may not always prevail-other points of view may be more persuasive,【6】on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to【7】that our position receives the attention it deserves. Some pe
4、ople, however,【8】to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome intrusion【9】 their lives or as a manipulation or domination.【10】, we believe that persuasion is【11】-to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, 【12】or degrading. Persuaders ma
5、y enlighten our minds or【13 】on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls 【14】sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us【15】the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make.【16】, an essential part of education is learning
6、to【17】the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other. 【18】its personal importance to us, persuasion is essential to society. The【19】to persuade and be persuaded is the foundation of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment【20】the Constitution.（A）on（B） amon
7、g（C） for（D）by（A）priority（B） advantage（C） control（D）place（A）objection（B） projection（C） project（D）object（A）unbiased（B） unprejudiced（C） favorable（D）favorite（A）what（B） which（C） why（D）how（A）living（B） depending（C） resting（D）insisting（A）ensure（B） assure（C） insure（D）reassure（A）agree（B） object（C） confront（D）
8、consent（A）onto（B） of（C） to（D）into（A）In contrast（B） In particular（C） For instance（D）As a result（A）prominent（B） invariable（C） evident（D）inevitable（A）embarrassing（B） inspiring（C） upgrading（D）innovating（A）prey（B） rest（C） put（D）fall（A）for（B） up（C） off（D）on（A）apply（B） contribute（C） transfer（D）connect（A）Ho
9、wever（B） Conversely（C） Furthermore（D）Therefore（A）resist（B） perform（C） insist（D）restrain（A）Beyond（B） Except（C） Including（D）Excluding（A）power（B） authority（C） ability（D）right（A）to（B） for（C） on（D）inGrammar21 He ran all the way up to the station_that the train had left fifteen minutes before.（A）only to f
10、ind（B） such as to find（C） so as to find（D）in order to find22 This book will show the readers_can be used in other contexts.（A）how that they have observed（B） how what they have observed（C） that how they have observed（D）that they have observed23 The school board listened quietly as John read the deman
11、ds that his followers_for.（A）demonstrate（B） demonstrated（C） be demonstrating（D）had been demonstrating24 He never hesitates to make such criticism_is considered helpful to others.（A）that（B） what（C） which（D）as25 The scientist has made another wonderful discovery, _is of great importance to science.（A）
12、which I think（B） which I think it（C） of which I think（D）I think which26 I felt that I was not yet_to travel abroad.（A）too strong（B） strong enough（C） so strong（D）enough strong27 _ that you were out, I wouldnt have bothered to come all the way at that time of night.（A）If I should know（B） If I know（C）
13、Had I known（D）Were I to know28 She never laughed, _lose her temper.（A）or she ever did（B） nor did she ever（C） or did she ever（D）nor she ever did29 In the face of the conclusive evidence he admitted _ an old man of sixty, who was crossing the street.（A）to run over and injure（B） to have run over and in
14、jured（C） about running over an injuring（D）having run over and injuring30 Modern statesmen are often faced with the same problems _ defeated the ancient Romans.（A）as（B） which（C） what（D）suchPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
15、(40 points)30 American Illegal Immigrant Number DescendsIllegal immigration, which has sparked political and social disorder in communities across the nation, is on the wane, according to an independent report released Thursday. The number of illegal immigrants entering the United States has slowed
16、significantly the past few years, falling below the number of those entering the country legally, according to the report by the Pew Hispanic Center, a Washington think. The report estimates there were 11. 9 million illegal immigrants in the U. S. as of March. That would be a decline of 500, 000 fro
17、m the centers estimate a year ago. However, the change was not statistically significant because of the margins of error. The Pew study does not address why the decrease occurred, but other researchers cite the nations struggling economy and stepped up enforcement of immigration laws.“The decline in
18、 job prospects in construction, service and other low-skilled jobs are communicated through extended networks of would be movers from Mexico and Latin America,“ said William Frey, a demographer at the Brookings Institution, another Washington think tank. “It also may propel more return migration. “C
19、ensus data released last month showed that overall immigration slowed dramatically in 2007, though the Census Bureau does not distinguish between legal and illegal immigrants.Illegal immigrants are notoriously difficult to count. Many researchers, including the federal government, estimate there are
20、 about 12 million illegal immigrants in the U.S.Thats a big increase from the start of the decade, when the Pew Hispanic Center estimated there were about 8.5 million. From 2000 to 2004, about 800,000 illegal immigrants a year entered the U. S. , the Pew port estimates. Since then, the average has d
21、ropped to about 500,000 a year.A decade ago, the number of newly arrived illegal immigrants began to outnumber those legally, entering the country, said the report, written by the Pew Hispanic Centers senior demographer, Jeffrey Pas-sel, and senior writer, DVera Cohn. “The reverse now appears to be
22、true,“ the report said. Illegal immigrants make up about 30 percent of all immigrants, according to the report. About four in five come from Latin America, with most coming from Mexico.Congress has passed several measures designed to increase border enforcement, and the Bush administration has stepp
23、ed up raids on businesses. Some local communities have also passed ordinances to address the issue. Congress, however, has failed to pass a comprehensive package addressing illegal immigration, despite several attempts.31 From the first two paragraphs, we can estimate_.（A）illegal immigration has a s
24、erious social problem in the U.S.（B） the Pew Hispanic Center could not give the reason for the decline of illegal immigration（C） the statistics of illegal immigration is not significant（D）the political and social disorder in the U.S. is on the wane32 Whats the reason for the decrease of the number o
25、f illegal immigrants?（A）The political and social disorder in the U.S.（B） Americans struggling economy and the increased enforcement of immigration laws.（C） They do not want to do low-skilled jobs.（D）The increased return migration.33 What does the sentence “The reverse now appears to be true“ ( Lines
26、 67, Para. 7) mean?（A）Now the number of newly arrived illegal immigrants outnumbers those legally entering the U.S.（B） Now the number of newly arrived legal immigrants outnumbers those illegally entering the U.S.（C） The past statistics are not true.（D）Now there are more illegal immigrants than those
27、 legal ones in the U.S.34 Which of the following is true according to this passage?（A）The illegal immigrants always outnumber the legal ones in the U.S.（B） The legal immigrants always outnumber the illegal ones in the U. S.（C） There are about 8.5 million illegal immigrants in the U. S.（D）Most illega
28、l immigrants come from Latin America.35 From this passage, we can learn that_.（A）there would be no more political and social turmoil in the U. S. without illegal immigrants（B） the Washington government has two think tanks（C） the government is trying to solve the issue of illegal immigration（D）the U.
29、S. Congress does not want to solve the issue of illegal immigration35 Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. (41)_Since public relations involves communications with stockholders,
30、financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to tip management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations departme
31、nt or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. (42)_Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image, this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix.(43)_Publicity on the
32、other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. (44)_The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take ca
33、re of public image problems and opportunities. (45)_Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertising. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy e
34、vents, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.A Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.B
35、 Furthermore, not all publicity is initiated by the firm; some can result form an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.C Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, usually in the f
36、orm of press releases or press conferences.D Many factors impact on the public image.E It surely causes heavy losses to the company.F Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences.G The public relations, in fact, is developing some new relative concept in the past few years.41 Tunin
37、g in round the clock, via satellite or internet blog, to any bout of mayhem anywhere, you might not think the world was becoming a more peaceable place. But in some ways it is, and measurably so. A recent Human Security Report released by the Liu Institute at the University of British Columbia regis
38、ters a 40% drop in the number of armed conflicts between 1992 and 2003, with the worst wars, those claiming more than a thousand lives in battle, down by 80%. While 28 armed struggles for self-determination ignited or reignited between 1991 and 2004, an encouraging 43 others were contained or doused
39、.Yet measured in a different way, from the point of view of the half of the worlds population that is female, argues the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of the Armed Forces, the world is an awfully violent place, and not just in its war zones. Men still fill most of the bodybags in wartime,
40、 including in civil wars, even on DCAFs figures, but their sisters, mothers, wives and daughters, it argues in a new report entitled “Women in an Insecure World“, face nothing short of a “hidden gendercide“.Violence against women is nothing new. DCAFs contribution is to collate the many figures and
41、estimatesnot all of them easily verifiable, it has to be saidon everything from infanticide to rape (in both war and peace), dowry deaths, sex trafficking and domestic violence (in richer countries as well as poorer ones).According to one UN estimate cited by DCAF, between 113m and 200m women are no
42、w demographically “missing“. This gender gap is a result of the aborting of girl foetuses and infanticide in countries where boys are preferred; lack of food and medical attention that goes instead to brothers, fathers, husbands and sons, so-called “honour killings“ and dowry deaths; and other sorts
43、 of domestic violence. It implies that each year between 1.5m and 3m women and girls are lost to gender based violence. In other words, every two to four years the world looks away from a victim count on the scale of Hitlers Holocaust.Women between the ages of 15 and 44 are more likely to be maimed
44、or die from violence inflicted one way or another by their menfolk than through cancer, malaria, traffic accidents or war combined. Poor health care means that 600,000 women are lost each year to childbirth (a toll roughly equal annually to that of the Rwandan genocide). The World Health Organisatio
45、n estimates that 6,000 girls a day (more than 2m a year), mostly in the poor world, undergo genital mutilation. Other WHO figures suggest that, around the world, one woman in five is likely to be a victim of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime.41 In the narration of the first two paragraphs, the
46、author employs the device of _.（A）comparison（B） inversion（C） contrast（D）omission42 The word “contained“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph most probably means _.（A）involved（B） checked（C） embraced（D）included43 It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the text that _.（A）violence against
47、 women has been ignored since the 1960s（B） many figures and estimates can not stand scrutiny concerned（C） DCAF has long contributed to the infanticide and rape in richer nations（D）the examining work conducted by DCAF has been demanding44 Hitlers Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide are mentioned in th
48、e text with the aim to _.（A）provide a concrete concept of the statistics related to gender-based violence and poor health care（B） exemplify the inhumane action conducted by German Nazi during World War （C） count the victims who are now demographically “missing“（D）take into the account women who are
49、more liable to be maimed or die from violence45 Which of the followings could be the best title for the text?（A）Women in a poverty-stricken area.（B） Gender gap in the emerging economies.（C） Women in a hazardous world.（D）Gendercide in the western countries.46 Of all the truths that this generation of Americans hold self-evident, few are more deeply embedded in the national psyche than the maxim “It pays to go to collage“. Since G. Bill transfo
