1、考研英语模拟试卷 76及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The person who can see a ship without some feeling of excitement must have very little imagination. Even the idea of leaving the sol
2、id land (1)_ most of us were born and brought (2)_ and going out on to the ever-moving waters must rouse (3)_ some feelings of strangeness. We may remember stories of terrible storms, with waves (4)_ mountains, and of people from ships which have sunk (5)_ weeks in small boats hundreds of miles from
3、 land. But we have also (6)_ joy of traveling on calm seas under blue (7)_ and of the (8)_ excitement of coming to a new beautiful land which we have seen only in pictures before. (9)_ ships are not, of course, made chiefly for pleasure: their biggest use is in carrying goods from country to country
4、. (10)_ ships can carry more goods than (11)_ means of transport, and can (12)_ so more cheaply. If ships (13)_ the British government would not be able to feed (14)_ people. Ships have also made (15)_ to discover more and more distant parts of our world. (16)_ is known to all, Columbus used a ship
5、to discover America about 450years ago. And (17)_ ships are used for exploring the Antarctic. (18)_ would, in fact, not be (19)_ to say that ships have for thousands of years (20)_ one of the most important parts in shaping society. （ A） by which （ B） from which （ C） on which （ D） which （ A） up （ B）
6、 forth （ C） out （ D） about （ A） us all （ B） all of us （ C） in us all （ D） for us all （ A） high us （ B） as higher as （ C） higher as （ D） as high as （ A） spending （ B） to spend （ C） spend （ D） spent （ A） heard of （ B） heard with （ C） heard （ D） heard from （ A） waters （ B） covers （ C） skies （ D） levels
7、 （ A） unremarkable （ B） uncountable （ C） uncomfortable （ D） unforgettable （ A） Moreover （ B） Instead （ C） Thus （ D） But （ A） In fact （ B） As a result （ C） Above all （ D） By the way （ A） the other （ B） another （ C） any other （ D） any （ A） carry （ B） make （ C） take （ D） do （ A） do not exist （ B） did n
8、ot exist （ C） havent existed （ D） had not existed （ A） its （ B） their （ C） every （ D） those （ A） possible （ B） it possible （ C） impossible （ D） us possible （ A） Which （ B） It （ C） This （ D） As （ A） not long ago （ B） in the future （ C） even now （ D） before long （ A） We （ B） It （ C） This （ D） You （ A）
9、 too much （ B） safe （ C） possible （ D） able （ A） made （ B） done （ C） played （ D） taken Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Acid rain, which is a form of air pollution, currently becomes a subject of great deb
10、ate because of widespread environmental damage for which it has been blamed. It forms when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids, which may then be carried long distances from their source before they drop in the form of rain. The pollutio
11、n may also take the form of snow or fog or fall down in dry forms. In fact, although the term “acid rain“ has been in use for more than a century it is derived from atmospheric studies that were made in the region of Manchester, England the more accurate scientific term would be acid deposition. The
12、 dry form of such deposition is just as damaging to the environment as the liquid form. The problem of acid rain originated with the Industrial Revolution, and it has been growing ever since. The severity of its effects has long been recognized in local settings, as exemplified by the spells of acid
13、 smog in heavily industrialized areas. The widespread destructiveness of acid rain, however, has become evident only in recent decades. One large area that has been studied extensively is northern Europe, where acid rain has eroded structures, injured crops and forests, and threatened life in freshw
14、ater lakes. In 1984, for example, environmental reports indicated that almost half of the trees in Germanys Black Forest had been damaged by acid rain. The northeastern United States and eastern Canada have also been particularly affected by this form of pollution; damage has also been detected in o
15、ther areas of these countries and other regions of the world. Industrial emissions have been blamed as the major cause of acid rain. Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere are complex and as yet little understood, industries have tended to challenge
16、such assessments and to stress the need for further studies; and because of the cost of pollution reduction, governments have tended to support this attitude. Studies released by the US government in the early 1980s, however, strongly indicated industries as the main source of acid rain, in the east
17、ern US and Canada. 21 From the first sentence of the passage, we learn that_ （ A） acid rain has caused air pollution （ B） acid rain has caused widespread environmental damage （ C） acid, rain has become a much studied subject （ D） acid rain travels in all directions before it rains down 22 Acid fog_
18、（ A） falls down when the atmosphere is moist （ B） is not as frequent as acid rain （ C） often falls in the region of Manchester, England （ D） is as damaging as acid rain 23 The second paragraph is mainly about_ （ A） the origin of acid rain （ B） the cause of acid rain （ C） the formation.of acid rain （
19、 D） the widespread damage of acid rain 24 Why is acid rain little understood?_ （ A） Because it is a new phenomenon （ B） Because it is not frequent enough （ C） Because its formation is complex （ D） Because it is difficult to study it 25 Governments_ （ A） deny that industries causes acid rain （ B） adm
20、it that they are only partly responsible （ C） claim that they are the main sources of pollution （ D） think that the cause of acid rain needs further study 26 One of the odd things about some business organizations is that they spend so much money to lure new customers and spend so little to keep the
21、m after theyve been landed. It just doesnt make sense. Taking customers for granted is routine in some larger organizations, where mere bigness generates an attitude of indifference. Loyal customers are an organizations only protection against bankruptcy, and losing them because of neglect or indiff
22、erence is downright sinful. Not only do satisfied customers continue to fatten the till, they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesnt cost a penny. And although there are always problems in giving good service to customers, maintaining their patronage(光顾 ) isnt all that diffic
23、ult. Its a matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little more than you have to. We said there are always problems in giving good service to customers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is per
24、fect, and theres many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong merchandise, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on. Sometimes these errors or failures cant be helped. For example, if you cant get parts because of material shortages or a transportation strike, customer
25、s may be denied the goods theyve ordered. And not infrequently the customer is to blame for example, failing to clearly identify the article or service required. Yet no matter who is at fault, customers whom you value highly should generally be given the benefit of the doubt. Note that we said “cust
26、omers whom you value highly.“ The old saying(格言 ) goes that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place large orders and pay for them will naturally, get more attention than those who buy infrequently and have to be badgered to pay what they owe. However, you have
27、 to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise. 26 The main idea of the passage is best expressed by which of the following? _ （ A） Business organizations should not spend so much money to attract new customers （ B） Maintaining customers patronage is the most important t
28、o business organizations （ C） Customers are kings （ D） Organizations should pay more attention to the benefit of their customers 27 Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the second paragraph? _ （ A） Customers should always be well serviced （ B） Without loyal customers an organization
29、might go bankrupt （ C） Companies can employ custofners to advertise their products （ D） It is difficult for large organizations to provide their customers with good service 28 The author might probably disagree with which of the following statements?_ （ A） Some errors and failures are unavoidable （
30、B） Both an organization and their customer are responsible for certain error （ C） An attitude of indifference towards their customers might result in a heavy loss of profit （ D） Only regular customers deserve good treatment 29 What does the author imply in the sentence “The old saw that all customer
31、s should be treated alike is a myth“?_ （ A） Its not real that customers should be treated equal （ B） Its not true that all customers are treated equal （ C） Customers received equal treatment in the past （ D） Its an old story that customers were treated equal 30 The word “identify“ in the fourth para
32、graph is the same as _ （ A） notice （ B） distinguish （ C） describe （ D） recognize 31 Health in general terms includes many non-medical areas, such as housing and employment. As far as individual is concerned, welfare benefits come in two main categories fiat rate and supplementary. Flat rate benefits
33、 are those a person has an automatic right to (provided he or she has made a certain number of contributions to the Department of Health and Social Security). Unemployment benefit is one of these. Supplementary benefits are based on a means test. In other words, they are benefits given, regardless o
34、f contributions made, where the government decides that an individual has insufficient resources for a minimum standard of living. These benefits can be in the form of allowances for rent and rates, special diet, heating and clothing. Such benefits have to be claimed and the individual has to give f
35、ull details of all his or her capital assets and sources of income. Unclaimed benefits amount to approximately $100 million each year. The originators of the Welfare State idea were concerned to alleviate or remove what they saw as the evils of their time. Their efforts resulted in a great improveme
36、nt in the standard of living and life expectancy in Britain. This progress in itself has simulated the increasing cost of maintaining the Welfare State. Over 45 percent of the health authority expenditure on hospitals and community services is spent on care of the elderly. Yet there are indications
37、that beverage calculated that less would need to be spent on people once they retired. Advances in medical knowledge have involved the use of expensive drugs and hospital procedures. Drug and alcohol abuse make increasing demands on the medical services. The present government is planning a new appr
38、oach to the social security system, which accounts for nearly one-third of public expenditure. Changes in the movements pension scheme to encourage private schemes will start from April this year. Different ways of assessing need are planned. To enable closer monitoring and control, the DHSS has beg
39、un the biggest computerization program in Europe. Suggestions have been made by opposition politicians that the present movement intends to say “farewell“ to the Welfare State. Although all the major parties in Britain say they are committed to a caring society. Theres a considerable difference in t
40、he means each would wish to use to achieve it. As the old saying goes, “Only time will tell“. 31 Which of the following is NOT true?_ （ A） Flat rate benefits are based on the contributions one has made （ B） One automatically has thee right to fiat rate benefits regardless of contributions made （ C）
41、If one is out of work, he can get the fiat rate benefits （ D） If the government decides one is below the minimum standard of living, supplementary benefits are provided. 32 Which benefits have to be demanded?_ （ A） Unemployment （ B） Flat rate （ C） Supplementary （ D） None of the above 33 To get flat
42、rate benefits one needs_ （ A） to claim （ B） details of his capital assets and source of income （ C） certain number of contribution （ D） nothing 34 Owing to the efforts of the originators of the Welfare State_ （ A） the living standard had been greatly improved （ B） the cost of living has been improve
43、d （ C） people can live a longer life （ D） Both A and C 35 The new approach to the social security system will spend_ （ A） over 45% of the health authority expenditure （ B） less on care of the elderly （ C） almost 30% of the public expenditure （ D） one-third of the public expenditure 36 Let us ask wha
44、t were the preparation and training Abraham Lincoln had for oratory whether political or forensic. Born in rude and abject poverty, he never had any education, except what he gave himself, till he was approaching manhood. Not even books wherewith to inform and train his mind were within his reach. N
45、o school, no university, no legal faculty had any part in training his powers. When he became a lawyer and a politician, the years most favorable to continuous study had already passed, and the opportunities he found for reading were very scanty. He knew but few authors in general literature, though
46、 he knew those few thoroughly. He taught himself a little mathematics, but he could read no language save his own, and had only the faintest acquaintance with European history or with any branch of philosophy. The want of regular education was not made up for by the persons among whom his lot was ca
47、st. Until he was a grown man, he never moved in any society from which he could learn those things with which the mind of an orator was to be stored. Even after he had gained some legal practice, there was for many years no one for him to mix with except the petty practitioners of a petty town, men
48、nearly all of whom knew little more than he did himself. Schools gave him nothing, and society gave him nothing. But he had a powerful intellect and a resolute will. Isolation fostered not only self-reliance but the habit of reflection, and, indeed, of prolonged and intense, reflection. He made all
49、that he knew a part of himself. His convictions were his own clear and coherent. He was not positive or opinionated and he did not deny that at certain moments he pondered and hesitated long before he decided on his course. But though he could keep a policy in suspense, waiting for events to guide him, he did not waver. He paused and reconsidered, but it was never his way to go back on a decision once
