1、考研英语-试卷 76 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Almost exactly a year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was b
2、itten on the leg by a dog. “It must have (1)_ your nice white flesh“, joked the doctor (2)_ he dressed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel were determined not to let it (3)_ their holiday, and thought no more (4)_ the dog, which had meanwhile quietly disappeared (5)_ the village. “We didn“t real
3、ize there was (6)_ wrong with it,“ says Nigel. “It was such a small, (7)_ dog that rabies didn“t (8)_ my mind“. But, six weeks later,23-year-old Andrea was dead. The dog had been rabid. No one had thought it necessary to (9)_ her anti-rabies treatment. When, back home in England, she began to show t
4、he classic (10)_unable to drink, catching her breathher own doctor put it (11)_ to hysteria. Even when she was (12)_ into an ambulance, hallucinating, recoiling in (13)_ at the sight of water, she was directed (14)_ the nearest mental hospital. But if her symptoms (15)_ little attention in life, in
5、death (16)_ achieved a publicity close to hysteria. Cases like Andrea are (17)_, but rabies is still one of the most feared diseases known to man. The disease is (18)_ by a bite of a lick from an (19)_ animal. It can, in very exceptional circumstances, be inhaledtwo scientists died of it after (20)_
6、 bat dung in a cave in Texas.（分数：40.00）A.fanciedB.flashedC.floppedD.gaspedA.becauseB.thoughC.ifD.asA.snapB.spoilC.strayD.suitA.toB.fromC.aboutD.forA.atB.inC.toD.fromA.nothingB.everythingC.anythingD.somethingA.likeableB.likelyC.likingD.likewiseA.changeB.enterC.loseD.setA.infectB.injectC.saveD.giveA.s
7、ymptomsB.groansC.goalsD.coughsA.outB.downC.upD.offA.loafedB.loanedC.loadedD.locatedA.painB.worryC.terrorD.cryA.forB.out ofC.fromD.toA.paidB.gaveC.turnedD.receivedA.theyB.itC.heD.sheA.seldomB.rareC.scarceD.lessA.transformedB.transferredC.transmittedD.transportedA.injectedB.infectedC.injuredD.inserted
8、A.inhalingB.invertingC.inheritingD.initiating二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we
9、do not educate children only for the aim of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life. Life is varied; so is education. As soon as we realize the fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education. In some countries with advanced industries, they have
10、 free education for all. Under this system, people, no matter whether they are rich or poor, clever or foolish, have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges. They have for some time thought, by free education for all, they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect natio
11、n. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough. We find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think is “low“ work. In fact, to work with one“s hands
12、is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor. We can live without education, but we should die if none of us grow crops. If no one cleaned our streets and
13、 took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. If there were no service people, because everyone was ashamed to do such work, the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework. On the other hand, if all the farmers were completely uneducated
14、, their production would remain low. As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world, we would die if we did not have enough food. In fact, when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life, it means that all must be educated: firstly, to realize that everyone can do wha
15、tever job is suited to his brain and ability; secondly, to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is had to be ashamed of one“s own work or to look down upon someone else“s; thirdly, to master all the necessary know-how to do one“s job well. Only such education can be called v
16、aluable to society.（分数：10.00）(1).Our purpose of educating children is to_.（分数：2.00）A.accustom them to varied lifeB.choose a proper system of educationC.educate them only for the aim of educating themD.make them intelligent citizens(2).Free education for all is not enough because_.（分数：2.00）A.the syst
17、em of free education fails to solve all the problems of a societyB.the more education people receive, the fewer jobs there areC.people with degrees consider themselves superior to those working with their handsD.people with degrees refuse to do physical work(3).The work of a completely uneducated fa
18、rmer is as important as a professor because_.（分数：2.00）A.without education all of us would live a more meaningless lifeB.without farmers we would have to grow crops ourselvesC.without farmers we should die of food shortageD.without farmers we would have to do housework ourselves(4).All of us must be
19、educated to understand or realize that_.（分数：2.00）A.the more people with university degrees we have, the better life we will haveB.we couldn“t live without educationC.everyone should have a chance to be educated at universities or collegesD.one should choose his job according to his ability(5).Educat
20、ion should be various because_.（分数：2.00）A.people are rich or poor, clever or foolishB.free education for all doesn“t workC.life is variedD.people have different professional backgroundsCould the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price
21、 of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and glob
22、al economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the sh
23、ort tern. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail pri
24、ce, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of
25、 heavy, energy intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices), rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic
26、Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by Only 0.250.5 % of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economiesto wh
27、ich heavy industry has shiftedhave become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason, not to lose sleepover. The rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global
28、excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist“s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.（分数：10.00）(1).The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_
29、.（分数：2.00）A.global inflationB.reduction in supplyC.fast growth in economyD.Iraq“s suspension of exports(2).It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if_.（分数：2.00）A.price of crude risesB.commodity prices riseC.consumption risesD.oil taxes rise(3).The est
30、imates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_.（分数：2.00）A.heavy industry becomes more energy-intensiveB.income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil pricesC.manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezedD.oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP(4).We can draw a conc
31、lusion from the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.oil-price shocks are less shocking nowB.inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocksC.energy conservation can keep down the oil pricesD.the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry(5).From the text we can see that the writer seems_.（分数：2.00
32、）A.optimisticB.sensitiveC.gloomyD.scaredIn recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70% of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after
33、a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90% of all the freight moved by major rail carders. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue,
34、 is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means th
35、at most shippers are served by only one Rail Company/Railroads typically charge such “captive“ shippers 20% to 30% more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government“s Surface Transpor
36、tation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against “captive“ shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone“s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average
37、rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It“s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of
38、determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“ Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?“ asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers. Many “captive“ shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a
39、 round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheeri
40、ng them on. Consider the $10.2 billion hid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail“s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who“s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many “captive“ shippers fea
41、r that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.（分数：10.00）(1).According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because_.（分数：2.00）A.cost reduction is based on competitionB.services call for cross-trade coordinationC.outside competitors will continue
42、 to existD.shippers will have the railway by the throat(2).What is many captive shippers“ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry? _.（分数：2.00）A.IndifferentB.SupportiveC.IndignantD.Apprehensive(3).It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that_.（分数：2.00）A.shippers will be charged less witho
43、ut a rival railroadB.there will soon be only one railroad company nationwideC.overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate reliefD.a government board ensures fair play in railway business(4).The word “arbiters“ (Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those_.（分数：2.00）A.who work as coordinatorsB
44、.who function as JudgesC.who supervise transactionsD.who determine the price(5).According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by _.（分数：2.00）A.the continuing acquisitionB.the growing trafficC.the cheering Wall StreetD.the shrinking marketCan electricity cause cancer?
45、In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The impli
46、cations are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been h
47、ard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate or the worst kind of paranoia. Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the US Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last w
48、eek, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link“ between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsthose having very long wave-lengths and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cau
