1、考研英语-76 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At work, as in life, attractive women get a lot of good lucks. Studies have shown that they are more likely to be (1) than their plain-Jane colleagues because people tend to project (2) traits (3) them, such as a sensitive heart a
2、nd a cool head, they may also be at an (4) in job interviews. But research suggests otherwise.Brad Hanks at Georgia State University looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their resume, as is the (5) in much of Europe and Asia. The pair sent made-up applications to over 2, 500 r
3、eal-life (6) . For each job, they sent two very similar resume, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness.For men, the results were (7) expected. Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo. Ugly men were better off
4、not including one. However, for women this was (8) . Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugs hot. When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average (9) getting an interview;
5、an (10) qualified plain one just seven.At first, Mr. Hanks considered (11) he calls the “dumb-blonde hypothesis“ that people (12) beautiful women to be stupid. (13) , the photos had also been rated on how (14) people thought each subject looked; there was no (15) between perceived intellect and beau
6、ty.So the cause of the discrimination must (16) elsewhere. Human resources departments tend to be (17) mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female. The researchers unavoidableand unpalatableconclusion is that old-fashi
7、oned (18) led the women to discriminate (19) pretty candidates.So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy? No. Better, says Mr. Ruffle, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether. Companies might even consider the (20) model used in the Belgian public s
8、ector, where CVs do not even include the candidates name.（分数：10.00）(1).A. recruited B. offended C. promoted D. flattered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. possible B. peculiar C. perfect D. positive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. with B. to C. in D. on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. advantage B. benefit C. favor D. edge（分数：0.
9、50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. standard B. norm C. criterion D. example（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. places B. sites C. spaces D. vacancies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. as B. below C. beyond D. above（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. diversified B. conversed C. reversed D. reserved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. unless B. before C. while D. w
10、hen（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. equally B. fully C. suitably D. ideally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. what B. as C. which D. that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. assert B. define C. judge D. assume（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. Therefore B. However C. Additionally D. Consequently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. intellectual B. int
11、elligent C. intellect D. intelligible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. conflict B. overlap C. correlation D. alliance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. locate B. rely C. lay D. lie（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. staffed B. occupied C. populated D. inhabited（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. admiration B. jealousy C. prejudice D. stere
12、otype（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. about B. against C. with D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. analogous B. unanimous C. anonymous D. anecdotal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Since the 1930s, the idea that creatures might advertise their “ fi
13、tness “ as mates through symmetry has been around. It rests on the notion that factors ranging from bad genes to coming off worse in too many fights will lead to asymmetries others can see. And over the past few years, experiments with animals and humans seemed to support the idea that symmetry in f
14、eatures such as plumage and facial characteristics influences mate selection.But no one had actually checked that the animals in these experiments can actually see the subtle differences in symmetry, typically of between 1 and 2 percent. Now the first such experiment has been carried out. The result
15、s are worrying for advocates of symmetry detection as a powerful factor in mate selection.John Swaddle, an ethnologist at the University of Bristol, performed the experiment using wild starlings, which have excellent eyesight. He trained them to hit keys marked with bar patterns with varying levels
16、of asymmetry in order to receive food rewards. This showed the starlings could easily detect asymmetries of between 5 and 10 percent. But at between 1 and 2 percent, their performance plummeted to no better than random guessing.“ This suggests that the levels of asymmetry that birds encounter in nat
17、ure will often be just too small to be detected, “ says Swaddle. He says experiments that linked small asymmetries to fitness may have produced misleading correlations, and says the only direct evidence that birds use asymmetry as a cue to mate fitness involves levels of asymmetry of at least 10 per
18、cent. “ I think signaling by asymmetry will probably only occur when species show such very large asymmetriesand this doesnt occur that often. “This raises questions about research suggesting that humans are influenced by visual asymmetry in their choice of partner. Michael Butt of the Perception La
19、boratory at the University of St. Andrews, who has carried out such experiments, concedes that no one has ever checked if humans have a threshold to asymmetry detection. He thinks a conclusive test of this would probably involve manipulating complex three-dimensional images: “ It would be a very dif
20、ficult experiment to do “ Burt adds that the abilities of animals to detect asymmetry in bar patterns may not reflect their talent for spotting asymmetries in body shape. “ The visibility of an asymmetry may well depend on its type, “ he says. Swaddle agrees, and is planning further experiments. “ B
21、ut I suspect that asymmetry is used as a visual cue less often than most people appear to presume, “ he warns.（分数：10.00）(1).Most people often presume that in mate selections creatures appeal to_.A. fitness B. asymmetryC. facial characteristics D. features showing their fitness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Ac
22、cording to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Swaddle thinks asymmetry and fitness are associated.B. Asymmetry is generally visible.C. Species use asymmetry as a cue to mate fitness.D. Nobody has checked humans dependence on asymmetry.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).John Swaddles experiment suggest
23、s that_.A. asymmetry is seldom big enoughB. fitness may cause incorrect relationsC. birds occasionally rely on symmetry in mate selectionD. random guessing is sometimes as good as asymmetry detection（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, in mate selection human beings_.A. need symmetry detectio
24、nB. need complex three-dimensional imagesC. begin to realize their dependence on symmetryD. cannot be proved whether to rely on asymmetry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The visibility of an asymmetry as Michael Butt thinks, depends on_.A. types of creaturesB. types of asymmetryC. types of body shapesD. types o
25、f animals detection ability（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)You slip the key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put the car into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, and your newest e-mail flashes up on the windscreen.This seductive s
26、atyr is what you get when you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the “network vehicle“, or net-mobile, it may soon come to a driveway near you (probably the one belonging to your rich neighbor). In a net-mobile, a motorist could tap into a regional road system but also to map out a route around rush
27、-hour traffic snags. Drivers and passengers will be able to send and receive e-mail, track the latest sports scores or stock quotes, surf the Web, and even play video games. Or so, at least, say a number of computer-industry firms such as Microsoft, Sun, IBM and Netscape.The modern car is already an
28、 electronic showcase on wheels. On-board microcomputers improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. They operate anti-lock brake systems, and on some cars even regulate the firmness of the shock absorbers. But much of the technology needed to add extra is available now. A prototype network vehicle, p
29、roduced by a consortium of Netscape, Sun, IBM and Delco (an automotive-electronics firm based in Michigan), was introduced at the recent annual computer-industry show in Las Vegas.It not only offered such desktop-computer-like services as e-mail, but allowed a driver to use them without looking away
30、 from the road. It was operated by voice commands and projected its data on to the windscreen, using the same sort of head-up display system found in modern fighter jets. Members of the consortium think a real-world network vehicle could be in production in as little as four years.Car makers have al
31、ready begun rolling out some of the features found on these prototype net- mobiles. If the driver of a General Motors car equipped with its On-Star system locks his key in the car, for example, an emergency centre can transmit a digital signal to unlock the doors. On-Star also calls automatically fo
32、r help if an accident triggers the airbags. Toyota and General Motors are among a growing list of firms offering in-car navigation systems. And in Europe, BMW and Mercedes-Benz recently introduced navigation hardware that can not only plot out a route, but alert a driver to traffic jams.（分数：10.00）(1
33、).The future car will be a machine which _.A. sends and receives e-mails, and surfs the WebB. taps into a regional road system to get directionsC. combines car functions and computer functionsD. tracks the latest sports scores and stock quotes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“An electronic showcase on wheels“ p
34、robably means _.A. a computer industry showB. a network car exhibitionC. a car that exhibit electronic achievementsD. a computer that have wheels（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Compared with an ordinary modern car, the network vehicle will have an on-board microcomputer which _.A. projects data on the windscre
35、enB. improves fuel economy and reduce emissionsC. operates anti-lock brake systemsD. regulates the firmness of the shock absorbers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The in-car navigation system has all of the following functions, EXCEPT _.A. call for help if an accident triggers the airbagB. transmit a digital si
36、gnal to unlock the doorsC. alert emergency centre if key is locked in the carD. plot out route and alert one to traffic jams（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage is written probably to _.A. promote electronic cultureB. advertise for the motor manufacturersC. attract potential motor consumersD. provide in
37、formation about tbe net vehicle（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When they advise your kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not too much t
38、hat prove an embarrassment to your society.Get high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are
39、on the launching pad(发射台). But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is a M. B. A., and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drive
40、rs earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was 24000, while the full professors managed to average just 23930.A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly b
41、e turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph. D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or language orwors
42、t of allin philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job i
43、n some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor(看门人)earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of eduction only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.（分数：10.
44、00）(1).According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _.A. will not be a shame to the societyB. will become loyal citizensC. can take care of themselvesD. can meet the demands as a source of manpower（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw o
45、r Edison, _.A. you can get a high school diploma without difficultyB. you will be successful in a grade schoolC. you can be professionally successful without a diplomaD. the least you should do is to get a diploma（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Ph. D. are most likely to _.A. have difficulty getting properly em
46、ployedB. be employed in the fields of commerce or industryC. have to fill out application forms month after month for othersD. work in schools or colleges with low pay（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT true?A. Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison.B. One must think ca
47、refully before going for a master degree.C. The higher your education level, the more money youll earn.D. If you are too well-educated, youll make things difficult for the society.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The writer is critical of _.A. the educational systemB. the Ph. D. sC. the societyD. the employers（
48、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Contrary to the impression that grandmothers are delighted to help their grown daughters and care for their grandchildren, a study of multigenerational families indicates that many older women resent the frequent impositions of the younger generations on their
49、 home and energy.“Young women with children are under a lot of pressure these days, and they expect their mothers to help them pick up the pieces,“ noted Dr. Bertram J. Cohler, a behavioral scientist at the University of Chicago. “This is often the strongest source of resentment on the part of Grandmother, who has finished with child caring and now has her own life to live. Grandmothers like to see their children and grandchildren, but on their own time.“In all the four New England families studied, the older
