1、Designation: C652 17aStandard Specification forHollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay orShale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hollow build
3、ing brick andhollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, ormixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Four types ofhollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered.In this specification, the term hollow brick shall be understoodto mean hollow clay masonry units whose ne
4、t cross-sectionalarea (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containingthe cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its grosscross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 4.3). Thisspecification does not cover brick intended for use as pavingbrick (see Specification C902)
5、.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining confor-mance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Sec-tion 6) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specifica
6、tion.1.3 Brick covered by this specification are ceramic productsmanufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturallyoccurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment atelevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall developsufficient fired bond between the particulate constit
7、uents toprovide the strength and durability requirements of this speci-fication. Additives or recycled materials are permitted to beincluded at the option of the manufacturer. (See “firing” and“firing bond” in Terminology C1232.)1.3.1 This specification and its individual requirements shallnot be us
8、ed to qualify or corroborate the performance of amasonry unit made from other materials, or made with otherforming methods, or other means of binding the materials.1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile(Specifications C34 and C212) and solid brick (SpecificationsC62 and C216). Ho
9、llow brick require greater shell and webthicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength thanstructural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesserdistance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick.Therefore, environmental and structural performance may bedifferent in elements constr
10、ucted of hollow brick from thoseconstructed of structural clay tile or solid brick.1.5 The text of this specification references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the speci
11、fication.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internatio
12、nally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C34 Specif
13、ication for Structural Clay Loadbearing Wall TileC62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonr
14、y UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC1232 Terminology for Masonry1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural C
15、lay Tile.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C652 17. DOI:10.1520/C0652-17A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
16、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis inter
17、national standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Com
18、mittee.13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to masonry andhollow brick, refer to Terminology C1232.4. Classification4.1 GradesGrades classify brick according to their resis-tance to damage by freezing and thawing when saturated at amoisture content not exceeding the 24-h cold water
19、 absorption.Two grades of hollow brick are covered and the requirementsare given in Section 6.NOTE 1Although grade is associated with resistance to deteriorationunder freeze/thaw exposures, freeze/thaw resistance of a clay brick unit isalso affected by the properties of the surrounding materials, th
20、e construc-tion details, and the overall environment in which the clay unit is placed;each of which may influence exposure to moisture and freezing condi-tions. Brick masonry should be detailed to minimize saturation ornear-saturation of the units in freezing conditions. Measurement ofmoisture conte
21、nt of brick in buildings indicates that, when the building isdesigned and constructed to reduce water penetration, the 24-h cold waterabsorption is unlikely to be exceeded. See Specification C216, Appendixfor additional information regarding freeze/thaw durability in service.4.1.1 Grade SW (Severe W
22、eathering)Hollow brick in-tended for use where high resistance to damage caused bycyclic freezing and thawing is desired.4.1.2 Grade MW (Moderate Weathering)Hollow brickintended for use where moderate resistance to cyclic freezingand thawing damage is permissible.4.2 TypesFour types of hollow brick
23、are covered:4.2.1 Type HBSHollow brick for general use in masonry.4.2.2 Type HBXHollow brick for general use in masonrywhere a higher degree of precision and lower permissiblevariation in size than permitted for Type HBS is required.4.2.3 Type HBAHollow brick for general use in masonryselected to pr
24、oduce characteristic architectural effects resultingfrom nonuniformity in size and texture of the individual units.4.2.4 Type HBBHollow brick for general use in masonrywhere a particular color, texture, finish, uniformity, or limits oncracks, warpage, or other imperfections detracting from theappear
25、ance are not a consideration.4.2.5 When the type is not specified, the requirements forType HBS shall govern.4.3 ClassTwo classes of hollow brick are covered:4.3.1 Class H40VHollow brick intended for use wherevoid areas or spaces greater than 25 %, but not greater than40 %, of the gross cross-sectio
26、nal area of the unit measured inany plane parallel to the surface containing the cores, cells, ordeep frogs are desired. The void spaces, the web thicknesses,and the shell thicknesses shall comply with the requirements ofSection 10 on Coring and Frogging.4.3.2 Class H60VHollow brick intended for use
27、 wherelarger void areas are desired. The sum of these void areas shallbe greater than 40 %, but not greater than 60 %, of the grosscross-sectional area of the unit measured in any plane parallelto the surface containing the cores, cells or deep frogs. Thevoid spaces, the web thicknesses, and the she
28、ll thicknessesshall comply with the requirements of Section 10 on Coringand Frogging and to the minimum requirements contained inTable 1 (see Fig. 1).4.3.3 When the class is not specified, the requirements ofClass H40V shall govern.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The body of all hollow brick shall b
29、e of clay, shale, fireclay, or mixtures of these materials, with or withoutadmixtures, burned to meet the requirements of this specifica-tion. Any coloring or other materials added to the clay shall besuitable ceramic materials and shall be well distributedthroughout the body.5.2 Colors and textures
30、 produced by application of inor-ganic coatings to the faces of the brick shall be permitted withthe consent of the purchaser, provided that evidence is fur-nished of the durability of the coatings. Brick that are coloredby flashing or textured by sanding, where the sand does notform a continuous co
31、ating, shall not be considered as surface-colored brick for the purpose of this specification.NOTE 2When surface colored brick, other than sanded or flashed, arespecified for exterior use, the purchaser should require that data besubmitted showing that after 50 cycles of freezing thawing there is no
32、observable difference in the applied finish when viewed from a distance of10 ft (3.0 m) under an illumination of not less than 50 ft-candles (538 lx)by an observer with normal vision.Service records of the performance of the particular coated brick inexterior locations may be accepted in place of th
33、e freezing and thawingtest, upon consent of the purchaser.5.3 The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, andsurface treatments, including coatings, that would interferewith the proper laying of the brick or significantly impair thestrength or performance of the construction.5.4 If any post-fi
34、ring coatings or surface treatments areapplied by the manufacturer, the manufacturer shall report thetype and extent of these coatings or surface treatments in allcertificates of compliance with this specification.6. Physical Properties6.1 DurabilityWhen grade is not specified, the require-ments for
35、 Grade SW shall govern.6.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shall con-form to the physical requirements for the grade specified asprescribed in Table 2. For the compressive strength require-ments in Table 2, test the unit with the compressive forceperpendicular to the bed surface of the uni
36、t, with the unit in thestretcher position.6.1.2 Absorption AlternateThe saturation coefficient re-quirement does not apply, provided that the 24-h cold waterabsorption of each of the five units tested does not exceed8.0 %.TABLE 1 Class H60VHollow Brick Minimum Thicknessof Face Shells and Webs, in. (
37、mm)Nominal Width of UnitsFace Shell ThicknessesEnd Shells orEnd WebsSolidCored or DoubleShell3 and 4 (76 and 101)34 (19.05) .34 (19.05)6 (152) 1 (25.4) 112 (38) 1 (25.4)8 (203) 114 (32) 112 (38) 1 (25.4)10 (254) and greater 114 (32) 158 (41) 1 (25.4)C652 17a26.1.3 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe
38、 requirementsfor 5-h boiling water absorption and saturation coefficient donot apply, provided a sample of five brick, meeting the strengthrequirements of Table 2, passes the freezing and thawing test asdescribed in the Rating Section of the Freezing and Thawingtest procedures of Test Methods C67.NO
39、TE 3The 50-cycle freezing and thawing test is used as analternative only when the brick do not conform to either Table 2requirements for maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, orto the requirements of the Absorption Alternate in 6.1.2.6.1.3.1 Grade SW: Breakage and Weight LossRequireme
40、ntNo individual unit separates or disintegratesresulting in a weight loss greater than 0.5 % of its original dryweight.6.1.3.2 Grade SW: Cracking RequirementNo individualunit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the units leastdimension.6.1.4 Low Weathering Index Alternative:6.1.4.1 If the bric
41、k are intended for use exposed to weatherwhere the weathering index is less than 50 (see Fig. 2), andunless otherwise specified, the requirements given in Table 2FIG. 1 Hollow Brick UnitsTABLE 2 Physical RequirementsDesig-nationCompressive Strengthgross area, min, psi(MPa)Water Absorptionby 5-hBoili
42、ng, max, %SaturationCoefficient,maxAverage of5 brickIndividualAverageof 5 brickIndi-vidualAverageof 5 brickIndi-vidualGrade SWGrade MW3000 (20.7)2500 (17.2)2500 (17.2)2200 (15.2)17.022.020.025.00.780.880.800.90C652 17a3for 5-h boiling water absorption and for saturation coefficientshall not apply, b
43、ut the minimum average compressive strengthrequirement of 2500 psi (17.2 MPa) shall apply.NOTE 4The effect of weathering on brick is related to the weatheringindex, which for any locality is the product of the average annual numberof freezing cycle days and the average annual winter rainfall in inch
44、es, asdefined as follows.3A Freezing Cycle Day is any day during which the air temperaturepasses either above or below 32F (0C). The average number of freezingcycle days in a year may be taken to equal the difference between themean number of days during which the minimum temperature was 32F(0C) or
45、below, and the mean number of days during which the maximumtemperature was 32F (0C) or below.Winter Rainfall is the sum, in inches, of the mean monthly correctedprecipitation (rainfall) occurring during the period between and includingthe normal date of the first killing frost in the fall and the no
46、rmal date ofthe last killing frost in the spring. The winter rainfall for any period isequal to the total precipitation less one tenth of the total fall of snow, sleet,and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a month is prorated.Fig. 2 indicates general areas of the United States that correspond to thewe
47、athering categories listed. The index for geographical locations near the50 line should be determined by analysis of weather bureau localclimatological summaries, with due regard to the effect of microclimaticconditions, especially altitude.The recommended correlation between grade of hollow brick,
48、weath-ering index, and exposure is found in Fig. 2. The specifier may use theserecommendations or use the grade descriptions and physical requirementsalong with use exposure and local climatological conditions to selectgrade.6.2 StrengthWhen hollow brick are required havingstrengths greater than pre
49、scribed in Table 2, the purchaser shallspecify the desired minimum compressive strength.6.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)Test results for IRAshall be determined in accordance with the Initial Rate ofAbsorption (Suction) (Laboratory Test) section of Test Meth-ods C67 and shall be furnished at the request of the specifier orpurchaser. IRA is not a qualifying condition or property ofunits in this specification. This property is measured in order toassist in mortar selection and material handling in the construc-tion process. See Note 5.NOTE 5
