1、Designation: C719 13Standard Test Method forAdhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint SealantsUnder Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle)1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation C719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test metho
3、d is an accelerated laboratory procedurefor evaluating the performance of a building sealant in a testconfiguration that is subjected to water immersion, cyclicmovement, and temperature change.31.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses a
4、re mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
5、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C150 Specif
6、ication for Portland CementC717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology C717.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of subjecting standard jointspecimens to a series of treatments as
7、 follows: (a) immersionin water for seven days; (b) exposure in an oven for seven dayswhile under compression; (c) automatic compression andextension cycling at room temperature at a specified rate andamount of joint movement; and (d) alternate compression andextension of the joint at high and low t
8、emperatures,respectively, under specified conditions described herein.4.2 The effects of the test shall be evaluated by visualinspection for cohesive and adhesive failures, sealantdeformation, and bubble formation within the sealant.4.3 This test method is applicable to any joint movement.The most c
9、ommon test movements are 612.5 and 625 % asused in the examples.5. Significance and Use5.1 The failure of a building sealant in an active joint isusually manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant oradhesive failure between the sealant and the substrate, or both.The method described in this test
10、method relates only to theperformance of the sealant when properly installed withrecommended primers, and does not evaluate sealant failurescaused by improper joint design, excessive joint movement,improper application practices, and other factors known tocause sealant failure in buildings and build
11、ing areas.6. Apparatus6.1 Compression-Extension Machine,5designed to automati-cally compress the joint width of the test specimen from 0.500in. (12.7 mm) to the minimum dimension desired (Table 1,1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants and is th
12、e direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.30 onAdhesion.Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C719 93(2010). DOI:10.1520/C0719-13.2This test method is also known as the Hockman Cycle in recognition of Arth
13、urHockman who originated the method at the National Bureau of Standards.3Supporting data are available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:C24-1013.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
14、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Series 520 Sealing Compound Tester, manufactured by Applied Test SystemsInc., 348 New Castle Rd., Butler, PA16001, and a durability tester manufactured byAmbard, Inc., 269-11 81st Ave., New Hyde Park,
15、 NY 11040, have been foundsuitable for this purpose (Fig. 1(a). For extension of the joint at cold temperature,the machine may be designed for extension only (Fig. 3).The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Applied Test Systems Inc. and Ambard Inc. If you are
16、 aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee1, which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
17、ocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Column C) and extend the specimen from 0.500 in. to themaximum extension desired (Table 1, Column E) at a constantrate of18 in./h (3.2 mm/h). The machine shall be equipped withgrips of sufficient strength to withstand, without bending, theresistance of high tensil
18、e strength sealants (see Figs. 1-3).6.2 Cold Box or Chamber, maintained at 15 6 3F (26.16 1.7C).6.3 Forced-Draft Oven, controlled at 158 6 3.6F (70 62C).6.4 C-clamps, or other device for maintaining the specimenunder compression.6.5 Spacer Blocks.6.6 Room or Chamber, maintained at standard condition
19、s of73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C), 50 6 5 % relative humidity.7. Test Specimens7.1 The standard substrate used in the test shall be portlandcement mortar, float glass, and aluminum alloy.NOTE 1When requested, only one or two of the standard materialsmay be tested with the sample. Likewise other substrates s
20、uch as brick,marble, wood, etc., may be specified by the purchaser in place of or inaddition to the standard substrate for test with the sealant sample.7.1.1 Mortar Block Prepare cement mortar blocks, each 3by 1 by 1 in. (75 by 25 by 25 mm) in size, using one part ofhigh early strength portland ceme
21、nt conforming to Type III ofSpecification C150 to two parts by weight of clean uniformlygraded, concrete fine aggregate (sand) conforming to Specifi-cation C33. Use sufficient water to produce a flow of 100 6 5% when tested in accordance with the procedure for thedetermination of consistency of ceme
22、nt mortar described inTest Method C109/C109M. After curing one day in moist airand six days in saturated lime water at 73 6 3F (23 6 2C),prepare the surface of one face, 1 by 3 in. (25 by 75 mm), ofeach block by wet grinding either with a belt sander using No.60 aluminum carbide sanding belt or usin
23、g an iron lap with No.60 silicon carbide (or aluminum oxide) grain until the aggre-gate is uniformly exposed. Return blocks to saturated limewater storage until needed.7.1.1.1 Blocks may be prepared and shipped to other loca-tions for use. The blocks may be shipped dry and shall bereturned to lime w
24、ater storage on arrival until needed.7.1.1.2 Prior to use, wet grind the previously ground face toremove any laitance, rinse thoroughly under running tap waterand dry the blocks overnight at 220 to 230F (105 to 110C).Clean the blocks of film or powder by vigorous brushing witha stiff-bristled fiber
25、brush. Condition the blocks at standardconditions for not less than one day and not more than sevendays.7.1.2 Float Glass Glass plates shall be 3 by 1 by14 in.(76.2 by 25.4 by 6.4 mm) clear float glass. Prior to use, theglass shall be cleaned by wiping the surface with methyl ethylketone or similar
26、solvent. Then dip the surface in a detergentsolution. This should be a 0.04 % solution of an alcohol ethoxyTABLE 1 Examples of Dimensions in Compression andExtensionClassDimensionCWidth of Joint inCompression, in. (mm)EWidth of Joint inExtension, in. (mm)12.5 0.438 (11.1) 0.563 (14.3)25 0.375 (9.5)
27、0.625 (15.9)35 0.325 (8.3) 0.675 (17.1)50 0.250 (6.4) 0.750 (19.1)50/100 0.250 (6.4) 1.000 (25.4)FIG. 1 Compression-Extension MachineC719 132sulfate.6An alternative would be a 0.1 % solution of a clearhand dishwashing detergent.7These solutions should be madeup in distilled or deionized water. Rinse
28、 the surface (withouttouching it) in distilled or deionized water and allow it to airdry. The float glass requires reinforcement to survive the rigorsof the subsequent testing procedures. This must be done priorto the compression-extension cycling performed in 9.4. Rein-forcement is provided by adhe
29、ring 3 by 1 by14 in. (76.2 by25.4 by 6.4 mm) aluminum plates to the two outside surfacesof the formed test specimen. Any adhesive may be used.Commercially available two part epoxies have been foundsuitable. Although the time of reinforcement is not critical,6Neodol 25-35, a registered trademark of S
30、hell Oil Co., One Shell Plaza,Houston, TX 77002, has been found suitable for this purpose.7Dawn, a registered trademark of Proctor (b) seven days at 100 6 3.6F (37.8 6 2C) and95 % relative humidity; and (c) seven days at standard condi-tions (Note 4). Separate the spacer blocks from the sealant asso
31、on as practical during the curing period without damagingthe sealant.NOTE 4The producer may request conditions other than thosespecified in 8.2 for the curing period of single-component sealantsprovided they meet the following requirements: (1) The curing periodshall extend for 21 days; and (2) The
32、temperature during the curing periodshall not exceed 122F (50C).9. Procedure9.1 Immediately following the curing period allow thespecimens to cool to standard temperature if higher tempera-ture cure conditions were used. Remove spacers and proceed asfollows:9.2 Immerse the specimens in distilled or
33、deionized waterfor seven days.9.3 Following immersion, hand flex each specimen twice,about 60 to check the bond. If the bond is still firm, compressthe specimens to the minimum desired dimension such as givenunder Column C, Table 1 (Dimension C) for the class undertest. A c-clamp and spacer bars (Fi
34、g. 5(d) or other adequatedevice may be used for compression. Fig. 6 shows an apparatusthat has been suitable for the oven compression of thespecimens. It is comprised of two steel members (X and Z) andbolts (W) that hold and compress the test specimens. Themembers may be 3 in. high for convenience a
35、nd sufficientlylong to accommodate multiple specimens. They should belined with felt, cork, or other material to provide a cushionedsurface. Two long rods (Y) of square cross section (DimensionC) are used to control the compression of the specimens.Where substrates of uneven dimensions are used, ind
36、ividualTestspecimens:(a) Prepared specimen before placement of sealant, (b) Sealant with spacers removed, (c) Sealant between mortar blocks, (d) Sealant in the compressed state duringheat treatment, (e) Sealant in the extended state.FIG. 5 Test Specimen for Class 25 and Class 12.5 SealantsNOTE 1Use
37、longer screw for concrete substrate.FIG. 6 Oven Compression ApparatusC719 135spacers may be required. Place the compressed specimens inthe 158F (70C) oven for seven days.9.4 After the oven treatment, remove the clamps and allowthe specimens to cool to standard temperature. Within 24 h ofremoval from
38、 the oven, place the specimens in thecompression-extension machine. Subject the specimens to tencycles of joint movement at standard conditions, as follows: (a)compression from the original12-in. (12.7 mm) width toDimension C, followed by (b) extension to Dimension E, and(c) compression again to12 i
39、n. The rate of compression andextension shall be18 in. (3.2 mm)/h.9.5 At the completion of ten cycles, extend the width of thejoint in the specimens by hand crank to Dimension E, insertspacer blocks, remove the specimens from the machine, andexamine them for bond or cohesive failure Fig. 5(e). Remov
40、eany specimens showing complete adhesive or cohesive sepa-ration at this stage.9.6 Compress the width of the joint in the remainingspecimens to Dimension C with a c-clamp and spacers or othersuitable device and, while compressed, place them in the ovenfor 16 to 20 h at 158 6 3.6F (70 6 2C).9.7 Remov
41、e the specimens from the oven. Allow them tocool for 2 to 3 h with the clamps and spacers removed toachieve standard temperature. Place them in the extensionmachine within the cold box or chamber maintained at 15 63F (26.1 6 1.7C).With the specimen grips set at DimensionC wide and regardless of the
42、amount of recovery of the sealantafter compression, extend the joint width of the specimens toDimension E at the rate of18 in. (3.18 mm)/h, while they arebeing cooled down to 15 6 3F (26.1 6 1.7C). Oncompletion of the extension, insert blocks, remove thespecimens, and allow them to warm for 2 h with
43、 blocks inplace to achieve standard temperature. Examine the specimensfor adhesive or cohesive failure and deformation.9.8 Repeat the compression-extension cycles described in9.6 and 9.7 for a total of ten cycles. If complete adhesive orcohesive failure occurs before the tenth cycle, the test iscons
44、idered complete.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Name of the sealant producer, type of sealant andidentifying number,10.1.2 Percentage of cyclic movement,10.1.3 Substrates used,10.1.4 Name and description of primers used, if any,10.1.5 Nature of test effects observed, such as a
45、mount ofadhesive or cohesive failure, deformation, bubbles, or othercharacteristics,10.1.6 Description of and reasons for any variations fromthe test procedure, and10.1.7 Statement of time, temperature, and humidity used toachieve cure (describe the cure cycle).11. Precision and Bias11.1 Inadequate
46、precision and bias data are presently avail-able. The precision and bias of this test method is currentlyundergoing round-robin testing by members of CommitteeC24. Earlier round-robin testing of a similar procedure per-formed by members of the Adhesives and Sealants Councilindicates the test method
47、is capable of discriminating betweena Class 12.5 and a Class 25 sealant.12. Keywords12.1 adhesion; cohesion; cyclic movement; elastomericjoint sealant; Hockman cycleASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this
48、 standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be
49、reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted b
