1、Designation: C810 90 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forNickel on Steel for Porcelain Enameling by X-Ray EmissionSpectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTETest Method was corrected editorially in 2011INTRODUCTIONIt is important that a nickel layer, of the prop
3、er amount, be applied to steel parts prior to applyinga direct-oni covercoat porcelain enamel (i.e., no groundcoat underneath). This standard test is todetermine the amount of nickel on the steel using Xray emission spectrometry. There is also analternative wet chemical method Method C715. In some c
4、ases both tests may be run to developcomparative data.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the amountof nickel deposited on sheet steel during its preparation forporcelain enameling. It is an X-ray emission method used fortesting sample panels or certain commercial parts.NOTE 1An a
5、lternative wet chemical method is Test Method C715.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is ther
6、esponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazards statement, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C715 Test Method for Nickel on Steel for
7、 Porcelain Enam-eling by Photometric Analysis3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Steel samples coated with a light nickel deposit areinserted in the sample position of an X-ray spectrometer. Thecount rate for nickel is measured and converted by means of acalibration curve to g/m2(g/f2).NOTE 21 m2= 10.75 ft
8、2. Industry usage is typically in mixed units,grams per square foot. For example, 0.10 g/ft2equals a little more than 1g/m2.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is an accurate and rapid means formeasuring nickel deposits on steel sample plates and such partsthat can be fitted into the X-ray s
9、pectrometer. Its accuracyextends over a wide range of nickel deposits.5. Interferences5.1 There are no interferences from other elements present.However, low values can result from absorption of the X raysby overlaying material. Grease on the sample or rust due tostorage in humid areas are examples
10、of such material. Lowresults are also obtained on de-enameled samples because thenickel deposit is converted to a nickel iron alloy at enamelingtemperatures. The presence of the iron in the alloy layerabsorbs some of the X radiation and accounts for the lowerresult.6. Apparatus6.1 Suitable X-Ray Emi
11、ssion Spectrometer complete with50-kV power supply goniometer, detector with pressure-regulated gas flow attachments, scaler-counter, lithium fluoride1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallicand Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B0
12、8.12 onMaterials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C810 90 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/C0810-90R11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
13、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.analyzi
14、ng crystal, and 0.02 Soller slit collimator is required.3About a 1-in. (25.4-mm) diameter area of the sample isirradiated.6.2 Special Sample Holder (Fig. 1), to permit insertion of a2 by 2-in. (51 by 51-mm) flat corner of a large flat sample.Alternatively, the standard sample holder supplied with th
15、eequipment may be used, but the sample must be cut to 1.5 by1.25 in. (38 by 32-mm).6.3 Steel Sheets with various amounts of nickel deposits arerequired for calibration and standardization.6.4 Nickel-Base Alloy Sample, such as 18-8 stainless steel,for routine calibration.7. Hazards7.1 Equipment shoul
16、d be periodically checked for radiationleaks to ensure against exposure to X radiation.3Available from the following: (1) Philips Electronic Instruments, 750 S. FultonAve., Mount Vernon, NY 10550; (2) Siemens Corp., Medical Industrial Div., 186Wood Ave., South, Iselin, NJ 08831; and (3) Diano Corp.,
17、 X-ray Div., 2 LowellAve., Winchester, MA 01890.FIG. 1 Special Sample Holder for X-Ray Beam ExposureFIG. 2 Example of Conversion of X-Ray Intensity to Nickel DepositC810 90 (2011)128. Calibration and Standardization8.1 Prepare approximately 18 standard plates by cleaningand pickling 4 by 6 in. (102
18、by 152 mm) commercialenameling iron stock (any steel used in commercial enamelingoperations may be used) and applying nickel in the conven-tional manner for varying treatment times to give a range ofnickel deposition from 0 to 3 g/m2(0 to 0.4 g/ft2).8.2 Prepare a parer mask which, when placed over e
19、achplate, will show the areas measured by the X-ray spectrometer.The mask is used later to indicate the same areas for wetdetermination of nickel deposition by Test Method C715.Inthis way, comparative data are obtainable by both measurementmethods on the same areas of the standard plates.8.3 The spe
20、ctrometer is set to the K-alpha line of nickel at1.66 A and the X-ray intensity in counts/s is scaled for eachmeasurement. A reference plate of Type 321 stainless steel (Cr18, Ni 10) is measured before and after each measurement onthe standard plates. The two counts on the reference plate areaverage
21、d.8.4 The numbered standard plates are measured on one sideat two areas, top and bottom, and are corrected for instrumentdrift by relating the count rates on the standard plates to a fixedaverage count rate on the reference plate.8.5 On the basis of X-ray count data, ten standard plates areselected
22、for the best distribution of counts covering the fullrange of nickel on the plates. Nickel deposition on the tenselected plates is then determined at one area on each plate byTest Method C715. The wet results are then plotted versusX-ray count rate on linear graph paper and a smooth curvedrawn throu
23、gh the plotted points. The curve may be used toprepare a chart which lists count ranges for each increment of0.1 g/m2(0.01 g/ft2) nickel.9. Procedure9.1 Standardization of EquipmentInsert the referencestandard (6.4) which has a known X-ray count determinedwhen equipment was standardized, in the spec
24、ial sampleholder. After the equipment is warm, set the voltage to obtainX-ray counts characteristic of the reference standard.9.2 Nickel Determination:9.2.1 Inserta4by6-in. (10 by 152-mm) sample in thespecial sample holder (or cut a piece to fit a regular holder).9.2.2 Using an X-ray tube with suita
25、ble target, adjust thepower supply to provide 50 kV at 25 mA and set the scaler fora 10-s count. Align the spectrogoniometer to 48.65, 2-u anglefor nickel determination using a lithium fluoride crystal. Startthe apparatus and record the count from the counter scales.9.2.3 Repeat the determination on
26、 a minimum of two areason each side of each sample. Average the counts so recordedand read the nickel concentration from the standard plot.9.2.4 Specific details of operation of the X-ray apparatus arenot included herein due to the complexity of such equipmentand the slight variations in procedure b
27、etween different typesof apparatus. These details can be provided by the manufac-turer.9.3 Verification of Standard Equipment After completingdeterminations of unknown samples, recheck the machinecalibration by reinserting the reference standard and checkingthe reading.10. Report10.1 Convert X-ray c
28、ounts to grams per square metre byusing the calibration curve.NOTE 3The result in grams per square metre can be converted tograms per square foot by dividing by 11.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision and bias of this test method is beingestablished.ASTM International takes no position respectin
29、g the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa
30、rd is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internationa
31、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Th
32、is standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C810 90 (2011)13
