1、Designation: C 822 08bStandard Terminology Relating toConcrete Pipe and Related Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2C 497 Test Methods for Concre
3、te Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile2. Terminologyabsorptionthe increase in weight of concrete resulting fromthe penetration of water into the concrete.absorption testa test made to determine the absorption ofconcrete.admixturea material other than water, aggregates, cementand fibre reinforcing used as
4、 an ingredient of concrete andadded to the batch immediately before or during its mixture.annular spacethe space between the inner surface of thefemale end and the outer surface of the male end of anassembled pipe joint.bellsee female end of pipe.blenda combining of various cementitious materials.bo
5、x sectiona concrete pipe with a rectangular cross section.box section bottom slablower horizontal portion of a boxsection in the installed condition.box section top slabupper horizontal portion of a boxsection in the installed condition.box section wallvertical sides of a box section in theinstalled
6、 condition.cagean assembled unit of steel reinforcement consisting ofcircumferential and longitudinal bars or wires.circular reinforcementa circular-shaped line of reinforce-ment.circumferential reinforcementreinforcement that is ap-proximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of theconcrete p
7、ipe, box, or bined sewera pipeline intended to convey sewage andstorm pression testa test made on a concrete specimen todetermine the compressive pressive strengththe maximum resistance of a concretespecimen to axial compressive loading; or the specifiedresistance used in design calculations.concret
8、ea homogeneous mixture of portland cement, fineaggregate, coarse aggregate, and water. The mixture mayalso contain admixtures, or other cementitious materials, orboth.corea cylinder of concrete obtained from concrete by meansof a core drill.crownthe top or highest point of the internal surface of th
9、etransverse cross section of a pipe.culverta pipeline intended to convey water under a highway,railroad, canal, or similar facility.cylinder (test)a cast cylindrical specimen of concrete.design strengththe minimum acceptable 0.01-in. (0.3-mm)crack D-load.designated sizethe dimensional name for a par
10、ticular sizethat may or may not be equal to or related to the dimensionsused for design purposes or of the manufactured product.distribution reinforcementreinforcement, typically running90 to the main or circumferential reinforcement, intended todisperse concentrated loads to larger areas of a struc
11、turalmember.D-loadthe supporting strength of a pipe loaded underthree-edge-bearing test conditions expressed in pounds perlinear foot per foot of inside diameter or horizontal span, orexpressed in newtons per linear metre per millimetre ofinside diameter or horizontal span.D-load, 0.01-in. (0.3-mm)
12、crackthe maximum three-edge-bearing test load supported by a concrete pipe before a crackhaving a width of 0.01 in. (0.3 mm) occurs, measured atclose intervals, throughout a continuous length of 1 ft (300mm) or more measured parallel to the longitudinal axis ofpipe barrel expressed as D-load.D-load
13、ultimate (Du)the maximum three-edge-bearing testload supported by a pipe, expressed as D-load.drain tilepipe for collecting and conveying surface andsubsurface water from an area.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and are the direct responsibility of Su
14、bcommittee C13.10 onCorrelation and Editorial.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 822 08a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servi
15、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.elliptical reinforcementa line of reinforcement in the a
16、p-proximate shape of an ellipse.exfiltrationthe volume of pipeline flow leaving a sewer andits connections into the soil from pipe, joints, connections,and appurtenances.external load-crushing strength testa test of the pipe inwhich external crushing forces are exerted in specifieddirections and loc
17、ations on a specified length of pipe.external sealing bandsflexible wrappings that are applied tothe outside of a concrete pipe, box section, or manholesection joint intended to control the movement of fluids orsolids through the joint.female end of pipe (bell, socket, groove, modified groove)that p
18、ortion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its shape ordimensions, which overlaps a portion of the end of theadjoining pipe.flow linea line formed by the inverts of pipe.gradationthe distribution of particles of granular materialamong standard sizes usually expressed in terms of cumu-lative percen
19、tages larger or smaller than each of a series ofsieve openings.grade ringsprecast concrete rings used for vertical adjust-ment at the top of a manhole to set manhole casting to propergrade.groovesee female end of pipe.handling reinforcementreinforcement intended to reducethe risk of collapse of the
20、pipe or section during handling orstorage prior to and during final placement.hydrostatic pressurethe pressure exerted by water at rest.hydrostatic testa test of the ability of a pipe or its joint towithstand internal hydrostatic pressure.infiltrationthe volume of groundwater entering a sewer andits
21、 connections from the soil through pipe, joints, connec-tions, or appurtenances.inflowthe volume of any kind of water entering a sewer andits connections from outside sources not including thosesources described under “infiltration.”installed lengthfinal length, along the centerline, of a pipeor box
22、 section in place including the longitudinal jointseparation between the section and the last section placed.invertthe bottom or lowest point of the internal surface ofthe transverse cross section of a pipe.irrigation pipepipe intended for the distribution of irrigationwater by pumping or gravity.jo
23、inta connection of two pipe, manhole, or box section ends,made either with or without the use of additional parts and/ormaterials.joint angular deflectionchange in alignment commencingin the joint caused by opening or closing one side of thejoint.joint at normal (design) closureposition of the joint
24、 whenclosed to the manufacturers recommended inside longitudi-nal separation without joint angular deflection.joint in off-center positionwith the joint at normal or designclosure, without joint angular deflection, when the spigot orbell has been moved in a radial direction. The maximumoff-center po
25、sition occurs when the outer surface of thespigot and the inner surface of the bell are in contact.joint leakage testtest procedure, utilizing water pressure, airpressure or a vacuum, intended to determine the acceptabil-ity of an individual joint relative to leakage.joint leakage test apparatusseal
26、ing device used to isolate asingle joint so that the joint can be tested for leakage. Seejoint leakage test.joint reinforcementreinforcement, in or near the joint,intended to enhance the structural characteristics of the jointarea of a concrete pipe or box section.joint shear testa proof-of-design t
27、est procedure to deter-mine minimum shear strength of a joint.layer of reinforcementcircumferential reinforcement that isone bar or wire in thickness.laying lengthpipe section center-line dimension used forpreparing pipeline layout plans. The length as measuredfrom a point on a pipe to an identical
28、point of an adjacentpipe of an installed pipeline.lift holea small hole cast or drilled in the wall of the pipe orsection for inserting a bolt, loop of cable or other device usedin handling the pipe or section.line of reinforcementcircumferential reinforcement com-prised of one or more layers.longit
29、udinal reinforcementreinforcement, in a concretepipe or box section, running parallel to the intended flow.lotan assemblage of concrete pipe, all being of like size,material, and strength designation, manufactured by thesame process. The lot size may differ from the quantitydesignated in the contrac
30、t or order.low-pressure air testtesting procedure, utilizing com-pressed air, intended to determine the acceptability of a pipesection, joint, or pipeline.male end of pipe (spigot, tongue, modified tongue)thatportion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its shape ordimensions, which is overlapped b
31、y a portion of the end ofthe adjoining pipe.manholea precast concrete structure for vertical access to apipeline or other closed structure.manhole basea concrete slab foundation and the bottommanhole riser section or a bottom manhole riser section witha connected concrete slab.manhole base sectionpr
32、ecast concrete slab foundation andthe bottom manhole riser section, or the bottom riser sectionwith precast monolithic or integral slab. A monolithic basesection is cast as a single unit. An integral base section ismade into a single unit by interconnecting precast manholecomponents such as a riser
33、section and base slab.manhole reducer sectiona concrete section used as atransition between different diameter manhole riser sections.manhole riser sectiona concrete section used to construct amanhole exclusive of the base, reducers, and top section.manhole topthe concrete slab top or conical top us
34、ed toreduce the manhole riser diameter to that of the desiredaccess hole.manufactured lengththe length from spigot/tongue endface to bell/groove inside shoulder.manufacturerthe group, corporation, partnership, or indi-vidual that manufactures or supplies a product.mat reinforcementsee quadrant mat.C
35、 822 08b2material teststhe quality and property tests of componentmaterials.modified designa concrete pipe design changed from astandard design.modified groovesee female end of pipe.modified tonguesee male end of pipe.negative air pressure (vacuum) testtest procedure utilizingair at a pressure less
36、than atmospheric pressure, intended todetermine the acceptability of a pipe section or multiple pipesections, or an installed pipeline or manhole before or afterbackfill.nonreinforced pipeconcrete pipe designed without rein-forcement.O-ring gasketa solid gasket of circular cross section.overall leng
37、ththe length from the spigot/tongue end face tobell/groove end face.ownerthe public agency or authority, group, corporation,partnership, or individual that specifies products or servicesfor use on a project that it presently or eventually will ownor administrate.permeabilitythat property which permi
38、ts movement of aliquid through the pores and interstices of the concrete.permeability testa test to determine the movement of aliquid through concrete under a hydraulic or pressure gradi-ent.pipea tube or elongated hollow concrete structure intendedto transmit flow between locations.pipe diameterthe
39、 inside diameter of a concrete pipe.pipe sectiona single pipe.pipelinepipe sections joined together.plant teststhe quality assurance tests performed prior todelivery as a basis of acceptance.preformed flexible joint sealantpliable material, formedinto a defined cross section, that is applied to the
40、surface ofa pipe, box section, or manhole section joint, intended tocontrol the movement of fluids or solids through the joint.quadrant matadditional tension zone circumferential rein-forcement secured to a layer of reinforcement in the concretepipe wall.reinforced concrete pipea pipe structure comp
41、rised ofconcrete and steel reinforcement. Such reinforcement iscomprised of steel wire, welded wire fabric, or bars, ofknown strength, formed into a cage and positioned in theconcrete wall in a specific location in such a manner that thetwo materials act together to resist stresses.reinforcementstee
42、l in the form of continuous wire, weldedwire fabric, or bars embedded in concrete in such a mannerthat the above referenced concrete and steel act together toresist stresses.resilient connectora flexible connection for joining pipe tostructures capable of being deformed and deflected withoutrupture
43、or leakage.rubber gasketrubber formed and used as a seal in concretepipe joints.samplethe number of specimens drawn from a lot.sewage (wastewater)the spent water of a community whichis a combination of liquid and water-carried wastes.sewera pipeline intended to convey sewage.special designa concrete
44、 pipe design for sizes, loads, orservice conditions not covered by a standard design.specimenan individual unit on which a test can be made.spigotsee male end of pipe.splice (reinforcement)junction of two sections of parallelreinforcement intended to provide continuity and to transferforces between
45、the two sections.springlinethe points on the internal surface of the transversecross section of a pipe intersected by the line of maximumhorizontal dimension; or in box sections, the mid-height ofthe internal vertical wall.standard designa published and proven concrete pipedesign.storm draina pipeli
46、ne intended to convey storm water.storm sewera pipeline intended to convey storm water.storm waterprecipitation run-off.three-edge-bearing methoda method for applying the loadto a pipe in an external load-crushing strength test.tonguesee male end of pipe.ultimate strengththe maximum three edge beari
47、ng test loadsupported by a pipe.wall (pipe)the structural element composed of concrete orconcrete and steel between the inside and outside surfaces ofa concrete pipe.watertightwill restrain the passage of water to not exceed aspecified limit.C 822 08b3FIG. 1 Pipe NomenclatureThis standard is subject
48、 to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarter
49、s. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (
