1、Designation: C928/C928M 09C928/C928M 13Standard Specification forPackaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials forConcrete Repairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C928/C928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers packaged, dry, cementitious mortar or concrete materials fo
3、r rapid repairs to hardenedhydraulic-cement concrete pavements and structures. Materials that contain organic compounds, such as bitumens, epoxy resins,and polymers, as the principal binder are not included.1.1.1 Packaged, dry, concrete material contains aggregate of which at least 5 % by mass of th
4、e total mixture is retained on a9.5-mm 38-in. sieve.1.1.2 Packaged, dry, mortar material contains aggregate of which less than 5 % by mass of the total mixture is retained on a9.5-mm 38-in. sieve.1.2 Aqueous solutions, aqueous emulsions or dispersions may be included as components of the packaged ma
5、terials. Themanufacturer may specify that these liquids are to replace some or all of the mixing water.1.3 Aggregates must be included as a component of the packaged materials. The manufacturer may recommend job site additionof specific amounts and types of additional aggregates to his product for s
6、ome uses. However, such reformulated products are notwithin the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used indep
7、endently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this specification: This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with
8、 its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
9、SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC143/C143M Test Method
10、for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC
11、494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and ThawingC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC672/C672M Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete Su
12、rfaces Exposed to Deicing ChemicalsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeC778 Specification for Sand1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.43 onPackaged Dry
13、Combined Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009Dec. 15, 2013. Published January 2010January 2014. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 asC928/C928M 08.C928/C928M 09. DOI: 10.1520/C0928_C0928M-09.10.1520/C0928_C0928M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit
14、 theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
15、 an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
16、 to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C882 Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Systems Used With Concrete By S
17、lant ShearC1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor difinitions of terms used in this specification refer to Terminology C125.4. Materials and Manufactur
18、e4.1 Three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening concrete and three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening mortar areidentified in Table 1.5. Chemical Composition5.1 If the material contains soluble chlorides or other ingredients in sufficient quantity to cause corrosion to steel reinforcement,th
19、e package markings shall contain the following statement in letter size no smaller than the directions for use:This material is not recommended for use in a moist environment in contactwith steel reinforcement.5.1.1 Consider a total chloride ion content (Berman, 1972)3,4 in the packaged repair mater
20、ial greater than 600 g/m3 1 lb/yd3of the hardened repair material indicative that the packaged material contains sufficient chlorides to cause corrosion to steel3 Berman, H. A., Determination of Chloride in Hardened Portland Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete, ASTM Journal of Materials, Vol. 7 , No.
21、 3, pp. 330335, 1972.4 Clear, K. C., and Harrigan, E. T., “Sampling and Testing for Chloride Ion in Concrete,” Report No. FHWA-RD77-85, Federal HighwayAdministration, Washington, DC,August 1977 (Available as PB 275428/AS National Technical Information Services).TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsA3 h 1
22、 day 7 days 28 daysCompressive Strength,min, MPa psiR1 concrete or mortar 3.5 500 14 2000 28 4000 BR2 concrete or mortar 7.0 1000 21 3000 28 4000 BR3 concrete or mortar 21 3000 35 5000 35 5000 BBond strength, min, MPa psiR1, R2 and R3 concrete ormortar 7 1000 10 1500 Length change, based onlength at
23、 3 h, max, %R1, R2, and R3 concreteor mortarallowable increase after 28 daysin water+0.15allowable decrease after 28 daysin air0.15Consistency of concreteor mortarCconcreteslump,min, mmin.Flow ofmortar, min, %R1 consistency after 15 minafter addition of mixingliquid75 3 100R2 and R3 consistency at 5
24、min after addition of mixingliquid75 3 100Scaling resistance to deicingchemicals after 25 cycles offreezing and thawingConcrete, max visual rating 2.5Mortar, max scaled materialD 5 kg/m2 1 lb/ft2A It is recognized that other characteristics of rapid-hardening concrete repairmaterials might need cons
25、ideration. Such characteristics might be necessary insome environments and applications; however, to impose specification limits on allproducts is considered beyond the scope of this specification. Optional consider-ations with suggested methods of test may include tests for the following:Time of se
26、tting Test Method C403/C403MFlexural strength Test Method C78Freeze thaw Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure ASulfate expansion Test Method C1012B The strength at 28 days shall be not less than the strength at 7 days.CSlump or flow requirements are waived for materials intended for vertical oroverhead
27、 applications.D A250-mm 10-in. square spalled to an average depth of 3 mm 18 in. for 100 %of its surface would have about 10 kg/m2 2.0 lb/ft2 of scaled material.C928/C928M 132reinforcement when the concrete is exposed to weather, is on the ground, or is in an otherwise moist environment. A much lowe
28、rchloride ion content is suggested for use in prestressed concrete. Guidance for such users is outside the scope of this specification.5.2 If the material contains metallic iron in excess of 1 % by weight, the package markings shall contain the following statementin letter size no smaller than the d
29、irections for use:If small or scattered spots of iron-staining are considered objec-tionable, do not use this material where it will be exposed.6. Performance Requirements6.1 The materials shall comply with the performance requirements in Table 1 for the applicable type.7. Sampling7.1 A lot is the q
30、uantity of packaged repair material normally placed on a pallet. In general, this quantity will weigh from 900to 1800 kg 2000 to 4000 lb.7.2 A unit sample is a single package of material randomly selected from the lot.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 ConcreteMechanically mix the packaged dry concrete mate
31、rial with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of theunhardened mixture, and mold and cure the specimens in accordance with Practice C192/C192M or modifications as outlinedherein.8.1.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall be any combination of whole packages yielding not less than 20 L 23 ft
32、3 ofhardened material.8.1.2 Base the quantity of water, other liquid component, or both added to the sample on the quantity per bag stated in thedirections for use.8.1.3 Place the sample in the mixing machine and add the required amount of liquid. Start mixing immediately. Continue mixingfor the len
33、gth of time indicated in the directions for use.8.1.4 When making the slump test in accordance with Test Method C143/C143M, schedule work so the test will be completedin 5 6 12 min after the mixing liquid is added to the R2 or R3 materials or 15 6 12 min after mixing the liquid with the R1materials.
34、8.1.5 Mold the required number of specimens using additional samples as may be necessary, mixed in accordance with7.1.18.1.1 7.1.48.1.4. Do not use the mixtures for molding test specimens when the slump is less than that specified in Table 1.NOTE 1Where the nominal maximum particle size is not great
35、er than 25 mm 1 in., the use of cylindrical molds 100 mm 4 in. in diameter by 200mm 8 in. in length is suggested.8.2 MortarMechanically mix packaged dry mortar material with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of the unhardenedmixture, and mold and cure the specimens in accordance with Test Meth
36、od C109/C109M or modifications as outlined herein.8.2.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall weigh 3000 6 3 g 6.6 6 0.005 lb and shall be representatively obtained froma whole package in accordance with Practice C702.8.2.2 Base the quantity of water, or other liquid component, or both added dur
37、ing mixing on the quantity per unit of weightstated in the directions for use.8.2.3 When making the flow test in accordance with the section on consistency in Test Method C109/C109M, schedule workso the test will be completed in 5 6 12 min after the start of mixing liquid with the R2 or R3 materials
38、 or 15 6 12 min after mixingthe liquid with the R1 materials.8.2.4 Mold the required number of specimens using additional samples as necessary mixed in accordance with 7.2.18.2.1 7.2.38.2.3. Do not use the mixtures for molding test specimens when the flow is less than that specified in Table 1.8.3 I
39、n those cases where the manufacturer has indicated in the package markings, or elsewhere, that the packaged repair materialcan be mixed and applied at temperatures that lie beyond the range of 20 6 8 C 70 6 15 F, the product must meet therequirements of Table 1. Specimens must be made and cured in a
40、ccordance with the procedures of this section. The mixing,molding and curing temperatures during the first 3 h after molding shall be within 61 C 62 F of the extreme temperature(s)stated by the manufacturer in the package markings.9. Test Methods9.1 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensTreat manifestly faulty
41、 specimens in accordance with the corresponding section inSpecification C494/C494M.9.2 Compressive StrengthPrepare and test three test specimens for each age of test and each level of mixing temperature. Testin accordance with Test Method C39/C39M for concrete and Test Method C109/C109M for mortar.9
42、.3 Length ChangePrepare and test specimens in accordance with Test Method C157/C157M, except as modified by thissection and 7.38.3. Use 25 mm 1-in. prism for mortar material and 75 mm 3-in. prism for concrete material.C928/C928M 1339.3.1 Remove specimens from the molds at an age of 212 to 234 h afte
43、r the addition of mixing liquid to the dry cementitiousmixture during the mixing operation.9.3.2 Make the initial observation of length at 3 to 314 h after the addition of mixing liquid to the dry cementitious mixtureduring the mixing operation. When specimens are cured at temperatures other than 23
44、 6 2 C 73.4 6 3 F, then both initial andfinal length observations must be made with the bars conditioned to 62 C 63 F of initial temperatures.9.3.3 Immediately store one set of specimens as for “Air Storage” and one set as for “Water Storage” except that thewater-stored specimens shall be stored in
45、untreated tap water with no more than one set of specimens per container.9.3.4 Take observations of length at age 28 days 6 20 h. Determine the average percent change in length when stored in water,and the average change in length of specimens stored in air.9.4 Scaling ResistanceMake and cure the te
46、st specimens in accordance with Test Method C672/C672M, except as providedherein. For specimens of mortar omit the visual rating procedure after every 5 cycles and after 25 cycles determine the amountof scaling as the oven dry 110 6 5 C 230 6 9 F mass per unit area of exposed test area.9.5 Slant She
47、ar Bond StrengthPrepare six complete test specimens in accordance with Test Method C882 for Type II and Vsystems except as modified by this section.9.5.1 Do not apply a bonding system to prepared surface unless a bonding system is required by the manufacturer of therapid-hardening cementitious mater
48、ial. Fill the top half of the cylinder with the rapid-hardening cementitious material instead ofthe portland cement mortar specified.9.5.2 Test three specimens in compression at 1 day and three at 7 days. Calculate the bond strength on the elliptical area andreport the failure type.10. Report10.1 Re
49、port the following:10.1.1 Source and identification, including type, of material tested,10.1.2 Details of any variations and options practiced by the tester that are recommended or allowed by the manufacturer orothers,10.1.3 Compressive strength of material at 3 h, 1 day, 7 days and 28 days,10.1.4 Bond strength at 1 day and 7 days,10.1.5 Percent length change at 28 days in water and in air,10.1.6 Percent flow in mortar at 5 or 15 min,10.1.7 Slump in concrete at 5 or
