1、Designation: C 928/C 928M 08Standard Specification forPackaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials forConcrete Repairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 928/C 928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers packaged, dry, cementitiousmortar or concrete materials for rapid re
3、pairs to hardenedhydraulic-cement concrete pavements and structures. Materialsthat contain organic compounds, such as bitumens, epoxyresins, and polymers, as the principal binder are not included.1.1.1 Packaged, dry, concrete material contains aggregate ofwhich at least5%bymass of the total mixture
4、is retained ona 9.5-mm 38-in. sieve.1.1.2 Packaged, dry, mortar material contains aggregate ofwhich less than5%bymass of the total mixture is retained ona 9.5-mm 38-in. sieve.1.2 Aqueous solutions, aqueous emulsions or dispersionsmay be included as components of the packaged materials. Themanufactur
5、er may specify that these liquids are to replace someor all of the mixing water.1.3 Aggregates must be included as a component of thepackaged materials. The manufacturer may recommend jobsite addition of specific amounts and types of additionalaggregates to his product for some uses. However, suchre
6、formulated products are not within the scope of this specifi-cation.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Com
7、biningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the testmethods portion of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsib
8、ility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for
9、 Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard
10、-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 666/C 666M Test Meth
11、od for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC 672/C 672M Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Con-crete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing ChemicalsC 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeC 882 Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-ResinSystems Used With Concrete By S
12、lant ShearC 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 Three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening concreteand three types of packaged, dry, rapid-harden
13、ing mortar areidentified in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.43 on Packaged Dry Combined Materials.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Original
14、lyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 928 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
15、M website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Chemical Composition4.1 If the material contains soluble chlorides or otheringredients in sufficient quant
16、ity to cause corrosion to steelreinforcement, the package markings shall contain the follow-ing statement in letter size no smaller than the directions foruse:This material is not recommended for use in a moist environment in contactwith steel reinforcement.4.1.1 Consider a total chloride ion conten
17、t (Berman,1972)3,4in the packaged repair material greater than 600g/m31 lb/yd3 of the hardened repair material indicative thatthe packaged material contains sufficient chlorides to causecorrosion to steel reinforcement when the concrete is exposedto weather, is on the ground, or is in an otherwise m
18、oistenvironment. A much lower chloride ion content is suggestedfor use in prestressed concrete. Guidance for such users isoutside the scope of this specification.4.2 If the material contains metallic iron in excess of 1 % byweight, the package markings shall contain the followingstatement in letter
19、size no smaller than the directions for use:If small or scattered spots of iron-staining are considered objec-tionable, do not use this material where it will be exposed.5. Performance Requirements5.1 The materials shall comply with the performance re-quirements in Table 1 for the applicable type.6.
20、 Sampling6.1 A lot is the quantity of packaged repair material nor-mally placed on a pallet. In general, this quantity will weighfrom 900 to 1800 kg 2000 to 4000 lb.6.2 A unit sample is a single package of material randomlyselected from the lot.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 ConcreteMechanically mix the
21、 packaged dry concretematerial with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of theunhardened mixture, and mold and cure the specimens inaccordance with Practice C 192/C 192M or modifications asoutlined herein.7.1.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall be anycombination of whole packages yieldin
22、g not less than 20 L 23ft3 of hardened material.7.1.2 Base the quantity of water, other liquid component, orboth added to the sample on the quantity per bag stated in thedirections for use.7.1.3 Place the sample in the mixing machine and add therequired amount of liquid. Start mixing immediately. Co
23、ntinuemixing for the length of time indicated in the directions for use.7.1.4 When making the slump test in accordance with TestMethod C 143/C 143M, schedule work so the test will becompleted in 5 612 min after the mixing liquid is added to theR2 or R3 materials or 15 612 min after mixing the liquid
24、 withthe R1 materials.7.1.5 Mold the required number of specimens using addi-tional samples as may be necessary, mixed in accordance with7.1.1-7.1.4. Do not use the mixtures for molding test specimenswhen the slump is less than that specified in Table 1.NOTE 1Where the nominal maximum particle size
25、is not greater than25 mm 1 in., the use of cylindrical molds 100 mm 4 in. in diameter by200 mm 8 in. in length is suggested.7.2 MortarMechanically mix packaged dry mortar mate-rial with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of theunhardened mixture, and mold and cure the specimens inaccordance wit
26、h Test Method C 109/C 109M or modificationsas outlined herein.7.2.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall weigh 30006 3 g 6.6 6 0.005 lb and shall be representatively obtainedfrom a whole package in accordance with Practice C 702.7.2.2 Base the quantity of water, or other liquid component,or bot
27、h added during mixing on the quantity per unit of weightstated in the directions for use.3Berman, H. A., Determination of Chloride in Hardened Portland Cement Paste,Mortar, and Concrete, ASTM Journal of Materials, Vol. 7 , No. 3, pp. 330335, 1972.4Clear, K. C., and Harrigan, E. T., “Sampling and Tes
28、ting for Chloride Ion inConcrete,” Report No. FHWA-RD77-85, Federal Highway Administration, Wash-ington, DC, August 1977 (Available as PB 275428/AS National TechnicalInformation Services).TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsA3 h 1 day 7 days 28 daysCompressive Strength,min, MPa psiR1 concrete or mortar
29、3.5 500 14 2000 28 4000BR2 concrete or mortar 7.0 1000 21 3000 28 4000BR3 concrete or mortar 21 3000 35 5000 35 5000BBond strength, min, MPa psiR1, R2 and R3 concrete ormortar 7 1000 10 1500 Length change, based onlength at 3 h, max, %R1, R2, and R3 concreteor mortarallowable increase after 28 daysi
30、n water+0.15allowable decrease after 28 daysin air0.15Consistency of concreteor mortarCconcreteslump,min, mmin.Flow ofmortar, min, %R1 consistency after 15 minafter addition of mixingliquid75 3 100R2 and R3 consistency at 5min after addition of mixingliquid75 3 100Scaling resistance to deicingchemic
31、als after 25 cycles offreezing and thawingConcrete, max visual rating 2.5Mortar, max scaled materialD5 kg/m21 lb/ft2AIt is recognized that other characteristics of rapid-hardening concrete repairmaterials might need consideration. Such characteristics might be necessary insome environments and appli
32、cations; however, to impose specification limits on allproducts is considered beyond the scope of this specification. Optional consider-ations with suggested methods of test may include tests for the following:Time of setting Test Method C 403/C 403MFlexural strength Test Method C78Freeze thaw Test
33、Method C 666/C 666M, Procedure ASulfate expansion Test Method C 1012BThe strength at 28 days shall be not less than the strength at 7 days.CSlump or flow requirements are waived for materials intended for vertical oroverhead applications.DA 250-mm 10-in. square spalled to an average depth of 3 mm 18
34、 in. for100 % of its surface would have about 10 kg/m22.0 lb/ft2 of scaled material.C 928/C 928M 0827.2.3 When making the flow test in accordance with thesection on consistency in Test Method C 109/C 109M, sched-ule work so the test will be completed in 5 612 min after thestart of mixing liquid with
35、 the R2 or R3 materials or 15 612min after mixing the liquid with the R1 materials.7.2.4 Mold the required number of specimens using addi-tional samples as necessary mixed in accordance with 7.2.1-7.2.3. Do not use the mixtures for molding test specimenswhen the flow is less than that specified in T
36、able 1.7.3 In those cases where the manufacturer has indicated inthe package markings, or elsewhere, that the packaged repairmaterial can be mixed and applied at temperatures that liebeyond the range of 20 6 8 C 70 6 15 F, the product mustmeet the requirements of Table 1. Specimens must be made andc
37、ured in accordance with the procedures of this section. Themixing, molding and curing temperatures during the first 3 hafter molding shall be within 61C62 F of the extremetemperature(s) stated by the manufacturer in the packagemarkings.8. Test Methods8.1 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensTreat manifestly f
38、aultyspecimens in accordance with the corresponding section inSpecification C 494/C 494M.8.2 Compressive StrengthPrepare and test three test speci-mens for each age of test and each level of mixing temperature.Test in accordance with Test Method C 39/C 39M for concreteand Test Method C 109/C 109M fo
39、r mortar.8.3 Length ChangePrepare and test specimens in accor-dance with Test Method C 157/C 157M, except as modified bythis section and 7.3. Use 25 mm 1-in. prism for mortarmaterial and 75 mm 3-in. prism for concrete material.8.3.1 Remove specimens from the molds at an age of 212 to234 h after the
40、addition of mixing liquid to the dry cementitiousmixture during the mixing operation.8.3.2 Make the initial observation of length at 3 to 314 hafter the addition of mixing liquid to the dry cementitiousmixture during the mixing operation. When specimens arecured at temperatures other than 23 6 2 C 7
41、3.4 6 3 F, thenboth initial and final length observations must be made with thebars conditioned to 62C63 F of initial temperatures.8.3.3 Immediately store one set of specimens as for “AirStorage” and one set as for “Water Storage” except that thewater-stored specimens shall be stored in untreated ta
42、p waterwith no more than one set of specimens per container.8.3.4 Take observations of length at age 28 days 6 20 h.Determine the average percent change in length when stored inwater, and the average change in length of specimens stored inair.8.4 Scaling ResistanceMake and cure the test specimensin
43、accordance with Test Method C 672/C 672M, except asprovided herein. For specimens of mortar omit the visual ratingprocedure after every 5 cycles and after 25 cycles determinethe amount of scaling as the oven dry 110 6 5 C 230 6 9 Fmass per unit area of exposed test area.8.5 Slant Shear Bond Strength
44、Prepare six complete testspecimens in accordance with Test Method C 882 for Type IIand V systems except as modified by this section.8.5.1 Do not apply a bonding system to prepared surfaceunless a bonding system is required by the manufacturer of therapid-hardening cementitious material. Fill the top
45、 half of thecylinder with the rapid-hardening cementitious material insteadof the portland cement mortar specified.8.5.2 Test three specimens in compression at 1 day and threeat 7 days. Calculate the bond strength on the elliptical area andreport the failure type.9. Report9.1 Report the following:9.
46、1.1 Source and identification, including type, of materialtested,9.1.2 Details of any variations and options practiced by thetester that are recommended or allowed by the manufacturer orothers,9.1.3 Compressive strength of material at 3 h, 1 day, 7 daysand 28 days,9.1.4 Bond strength at 1 day and 7
47、days,9.1.5 Percent length change at 28 days in water and in air,9.1.6 Percent flow in mortar at 5 or 15 min,9.1.7 Slump in concrete at 5 or 15 min, and9.1.8 Scaling resistance after 25 cycles.10. Rejection10.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that failsto conform to the requirements of
48、 this specification. Rejectionshall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and inwriting.11. Certification11.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducer, supplier, or an independent testing laboratory shallfurnish certification to the purchaser that the material has beent
49、ested in accordance with this specification and found to meetthe requirements. When specified in the purchase order orcontract, a report of test results on samples taken from materialshipped shall be furnished.12. Product Marking12.1 Mark all packages to contain the following informa-tion:12.1.1 Specification designation.12.1.2 R1 or R2 or R3 type.12.1.3 Directions for use that shall include but are notlimited to:12.1.3.1 When a bonding agent is used in the test of bondstrengt
