1、Designation: C94/C94M 14aC94/C94M 14bStandard Specification forReady-Mixed Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as define
3、d in 3.2.2. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either ashereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in thisspecification, the purchasers specification shall govern. This specification does not cover the plac
4、ement, consolidation, curing, orprotection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
5、shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixedconcrete.1.4 The text of this standard references not
6、es and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibili
7、ty ofthe user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Docum
8、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC138/C138M Tes
9、t Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
10、Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical
11、Admixtures for ConcreteC567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight ConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of
12、ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.40 onReady-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved July 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2014. Published July 2014August 2014. Originally approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C94/C94M 14.
13、14a. DOI: 10.1520/C0094_C0094M-14A.10.1520/C0094_C0094M-14B.2 See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol.Vol 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
14、org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becausei
15、t may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears a
16、t the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specifica
17、tion for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluationC1157/C1157M Perform
18、ance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4211.1 Standa
19、rd Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete305R Guide to Hot Weather Concreting306R Guide to Cold Weather Concreting318 Buildin
20、g Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary2.3 Other Documents:5NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1
21、concrete, central-mixed, nready-mixed concrete mixed completely in a stationary mixer.3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, nconcrete manufactured and delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, nready-mixed concrete partially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in a
22、 truckmixer.3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, nready-mixed concrete completely mixed in a truck mixer.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubic metre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportation unit.4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be
23、determined from the total mass of the batch divided by the densityof the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall be determined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch as delivered, includingthe total mixing water as defined in 9.3. The density shall be determined in accordance with Test Met
24、hod C138/C138M. The yieldshall be determined as the average of at least three measurements, one from each of three different transportation units sampledin accordance with Practice C172/C172M.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete may be, or appear to be, less than expect
25、ed due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement of wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable materials specifications, the following materials specifications shal
26、l be used:5.2 Cementitious Materials:5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic cement shall conform to Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M, orSpecification C1157/C1157M.5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal fly ash or natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. Slagcement sh
27、all conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silica fume shall conform to Specification C1240.5.3 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conform to Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall conformto Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggregates shall conform to Specification C637.5.4
28、 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixtures shall conform to Specification C260/C260M (Note 2).4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5 NIST Handbook
29、 105-1 (revised 1990), “Specifications and Tolerances for Reference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures-1. Specifications and Tolerancesfor Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F),” National Institute of Standards and Technology., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, http:/www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/upload
30、/105-1.pdf.C94/C94M 14b25.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall conform to either Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M asapplicable (Note 2).NOTE 2In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining, accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of dosages
31、should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.NOTE 3Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or grades of the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concrete ofdifferent properties.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable gen
32、eral specifications, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery (see Section 7 for accep
33、table tolerances),6.1.4 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air content of the samples taken at the point of discharge from thetransportation unit (see Section 8 and Table 1 for the total air content and tolerances) (Note 5),6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis for de
34、termining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality,6.1.6 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, the mass per unit volume as wet mass, air-dry mass, or oven-dry massequilibrium density (Note 6), and6.1.7 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2 in Spec
35、ification C1602/C1602M.6.1.8 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as to when the concrete discharge must begin. If no drum revolution limitis stated by purchaser, the manufacturer shall determine and communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery.NOTE 4An example of a drum revol
36、ution limit would be “XXX” revolutions.6.2 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious materials in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it is permittedto use cementitious materials in concrete mixtures that will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirements of the purchaser
37、as ordered.NOTE 5In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser should consider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected. Aircontents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the required resistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose of air-entrained c
38、oncrete.Air contents higher than the levels shown may reduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durability.NOTE 6The mass per unit volume density of fresh concrete, which concrete is the only unit mass determinable measurable density of lightweightconcrete at the time of delive
39、ry, delivery. The density of fresh concrete is always higher than the air-dry or oven-dry mass. equilibrium or oven-dry density.Therefore, for acceptance of lightweight concrete based on density at the time of delivery, a relationship between the equilibrium density and density offresh concrete need
40、s to be established. Definitions of, and methods for determining or calculating air-dryequilibrium and oven-dry masses,density, arecovered by Test Method C567/C567M.6.3 Option A:6.3.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportions for
41、theconcrete mixture (Note 7), the purchaser shall also specify the following:6.3.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as determined on samples taken from the transportation unit at the point ofdischarge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The purchaser shall specify the requirements in ter
42、ms of the compressivestrength of standard specimens cured under standard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18). Unless otherwisespecified the age at test shall be 28 days.NOTE 7The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he assumes responsibility should give consideration to
43、 requirements for workability,placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addition to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to Standard Practice ACI 211.1and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection of proportions that will result in concrete suitable for various
44、 types of structures and conditions ofexposure. The water-cement ratio of most structural lightweight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy for use as a specification basis.6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, prior to the actual delivery of the concrete,
45、furnish a statement tothe purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated surface-dry-masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, type,and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the manufacture ofTABLE 1 Recommended To
46、tal Air Content for Air-Entrained ConcreteA,BTotal Air Content, %ExposureConditionCNominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, in. mm38 9.5 12 12.5 34 19.0 1 25.0 112 37.5 2 50.0 3 75.0Mild 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5A For air-entrained c
47、oncrete, when specified.B Unless exposure conditions dictate otherwise, it is permissible to reduce air contents recommended above by up to 1 % for concretes with specified compressivestrength, fc, of 5000 psi 35 MPa or above.C For description of exposure conditions, refer to Standard Practice ACI 2
48、11.1, Section 6.3.3, with attention to accompanying footnotes.C94/C94M 14b3each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser. He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser that the materials tobe used and proportions selected will produce concrete of the quality specified.6.4 Option B:6
49、.4.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for the proportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify thefollowing:6.4.1.1 Cement content in pounds per cubic yard kilograms per cubic metre of concrete,6.4.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons per cubic yard litres per cubic metre of concrete, including surfacemoisture on the aggregates, but excluding water of absorption (Note 7), and6.4.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced whenadmixture
