1、Designation: C 940 98a (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forExpansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts forPreplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansionand accumulation
3、of bleed water at the surface of freshly mixedhydraulic-cement grout used in the production of preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete.1.2 It is for use with cement grout whether or not it includesfine aggregate or mineral admixtures or both.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.
4、1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine
5、 the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definition of TermsTerms used in this test meth
6、od aredefined in Terminology C 125 or in this section.3.1.1 bleedingThis term is defined as stated in Terminol-ogy C 125, with the exception that it pertains to grout in thistest method.3.1.2 expansionincrease in the volume of a grout, ex-pressed as a percentage of the original volume of the grout.4
7、. Summary of Test Method4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in totalvolume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surfaceof the grout are observed over a period of time.5. Significance and Use5.1 This method is useful for determining the expansion andbleeding characteristic
8、s of freshly mixed fluid grout used in PAconcrete.6. Interferences6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free oflumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reducedexpansion.6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansionand the tendency to bleed is related to the tem
9、perature of thegrout during the period of test.7. Apparatus7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL, reading to 10 mL.7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL, reading to 1 mL.7.3 Thermometer, accurate to 0.5C (1F) for measuringgrout and air temperature.8. Test Sample8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately1500
10、 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.9. Procedure9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in thelaboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixturesor for qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceedin the following manner:9.1.1 Maintain the ambien
11、t temperature of the room inwhich the test is performed at 23.0 6 2C (73.4 6 3F), unlessotherwise specified.9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixingwater to a constant temperature of 23.0 6 2C (73.4 6 3F)before mixing, unless otherwise specified.1This test method is under the juri
12、sdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.41 on Concrete for Radiation Shielding.Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 940 98a
13、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
14、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9.1.3 Start volume measurements within 3 min of comple-tion of mixing.9.2 When sampling and testing are being performed in thefield, record the temperature of the grout sample and theambient temperature of the area in which the test readings are
15、made. Record the time interval between completion of mixingand start of test.9.3 Immediately after the completion of mixing, measurethe temperature of the grout. Then introduce the grout into a1000-mL graduated cylinder until the volume of the sample is800 6 10 mL. Record the volume of the sample an
16、d the timeat which the reading was made. Place the graduated cylinder ona level surface free of vibration. Cover to prevent evaporationof the bleed water.9.4 Take and record the readings, estimated to the nearest 1mL, of the upper surfaces of the grout and bleed water, if any,of the sample in the gr
17、aduate at 15-min intervals for the first 60min and thereafter at hourly intervals until two successivereadings show no further expansion or bleeding. When the testfor expansion and bleeding is used in connection with Speci-fication C 937, it shall be discontinued 3 h after the initialreading.9.5 At
18、the conclusion of the test, decant the bleed water intoa 25-mL graduate by tilting the specimen and drawing thewater off with a pipet or large medicine dropper. Record thefinal volume of bleed water to the nearest 0.5 mL.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the expansion of the grout, and its bleedingand t
19、he combined expansion of grout plus bleed water aspercentages of the initial volume of the grout, as follows:Expansion, %5Vg2V1V13100Bleeding, %5V22VgV13100 at prescribed intervalsCombined Expansion, %5V22V1V13100Final bleeding, %5VwV13100where:V1= volume of sample at beginning of test, mL,V2= volum
20、e of sample at prescribed intervals, measuredat upper surface of water layer, mL,Vg= volume of grout portion of sample at prescribedintervals, at upper surface of grout, mL, andVw= volume of decanted bleed water, mL.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Identification of the g
21、rout sample.11.1.2 Expansion of grout to the nearest 0.2 % for eachprescribed interval.11.1.3 Bleeding of grout to the nearest 0.2 % for eachprescribed interval.11.1.4 Combined expansion of grout plus bleed water to thenearest 0.2 % for each prescribed interval.11.1.5 Final bleeding to nearest 0.2 %
22、.11.1.6 Temperature of grout sample at start of test.11.1.7 Ambient temperature of laboratory or testing area atthe beginning and end of test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Precision:12.1.1 BleedingThe single laboratory, three operators,standard deviation has been found to be 0.06 %. Therefore,results f
23、rom two properly conducted tests (by the sameoperator) on the same material should not differ by more than0.17 %.12.1.2 Combined ExpansionThe single laboratory, threeoperators, standard deviation has been found to be 0.37 %.Therefore, results from two properly conducted tests (by thesame operator) o
24、n the same material should not differ by morethan 1.04 %.12.2 BiasNo statements on bias can be prepared becausethere are no standard reference materials.13. Keywords13.1 bleeding; concrete; expansion; grouts; preplaced-aggregate; preplaced-aggregate concreteASTM International takes no position respe
25、cting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This st
26、andard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internat
27、ional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown belo
28、w.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 940 98a (2003)2
