1、Designation: C940 10Standard Test Method forExpansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts forPreplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansionand accumulation of bleed water at the
3、surface of freshly mixedhydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production ofpreplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or notit includes fine aggregate or supplemental cementitious mate-rials or both.1.3
4、 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toest
5、ablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete3. T
6、erminology3.1 Definition of TermsTerms used in this test method aredefined in Terminology C125 or in this section.3.1.1 bleedingthis term is defined in Terminology C125with the exception that bleeding pertains to grout in this testmethod.3.1.2 expansionincrease in the volume of a grout, ex-pressed a
7、s a percentage of the original volume of the grout.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in totalvolume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surfaceof the grout are observed over a period of time.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful
8、 for determining the expansionand bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydrauliccement grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitiouspost-tensioning tendon grouts.6. Interferences6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free oflumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may res
9、ult in reducedexpansion.6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansionand the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of thegrout during the period of test.7. Apparatus7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL, reading to 10 mL.7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL, reading to 1 mL.7.3 Thermometer, accura
10、te to 0.5C (1F) for measuringgrout and air temperature.8. Test Sample8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.9. Procedure9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in thelaboratory for the purpose of designing or co
11、mparing mixturesor for qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceedin the following manner:9.1.1 Maintain the ambient temperature of the room inwhich the test is performed at 23.0 6 2C (73.4 6 3F), unlessotherwise specified.9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixingwate
12、r to a constant temperature of 23.0 6 2C (73.4 6 3F)before mixing, unless otherwise specified.9.1.3 Start volume measurements within 3 min of comple-tion of mixing.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of
13、 SubcommitteeC09.41 on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C94098a(2003). DOI:10.1520/C0940-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST
14、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9.2 When sampling and testing
15、 are being performed in thefield, record the temperature of the grout sample and theambient temperature of the area in which the test readings aremade. Record the time interval between completion of mixingand start of test.9.3 Immediately after the completion of mixing, measurethe temperature of the
16、 grout. Then introduce the grout into a1000-mL graduated cylinder until the volume of the sample is800 6 10 mL. Record the volume of the sample and the timeat which the reading was made. Place the graduated cylinder ona level surface free of vibration. Cover to prevent evaporationof the bleed water.
17、9.4 Take and record the readings, estimated to the nearest 1mL, of the upper surfaces of the grout and bleed water, if any,of the sample in the graduate at 15-min intervals for the first 60min and thereafter at hourly intervals until two successivereadings show no further expansion or bleeding. When
18、 the testfor expansion and bleeding is used in connection with Speci-fication C937, it shall be discontinued 3 h after the initialreading.9.5 At the conclusion of the test, decant the bleed water intoa 25-mL graduate by tilting the specimen and drawing thewater off with a pipet or large medicine dro
19、pper. Record thefinal volume of bleed water to the nearest 0.5 mL.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the expansion of the grout, and its bleedingand the combined expansion of grout plus bleed water aspercentages of the initial volume of the grout, as follows:Expansion, %5Vg2V1V13100Bleeding, %5V22VgV1310
20、0 at prescribed intervalsCombined Expansion, %5V22V1V13100Final bleeding, %5VwV13100where:V1= volume of sample at beginning of test, mL,V2= volume of sample at prescribed intervals, measuredat upper surface of water layer, mL,Vg= volume of grout portion of sample at prescribedintervals, at upper sur
21、face of grout, mL, andVw= volume of decanted bleed water, mL.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Identification of the grout sample.11.1.2 Expansion of grout to the nearest 0.2 % for eachprescribed interval.11.1.3 Bleeding of grout to the nearest 0.2 % for eachprescribed int
22、erval.11.1.4 Combined expansion of grout plus bleed water to thenearest 0.2 % for each prescribed interval.11.1.5 Final bleeding to nearest 0.2 %.11.1.6 Temperature of grout sample at start of test.11.1.7 Ambient temperature of laboratory or testing area atthe beginning and end of test.12. Precision
23、 and Bias12.1 Precision:12.1.1 BleedingThe single laboratory, three operators,standard deviation has been found to be 0.06 %. Therefore,results from two properly conducted tests (by the sameoperator) on the same material should not differ by more than0.17 %.12.1.2 Combined ExpansionThe single labora
24、tory, threeoperators, standard deviation has been found to be 0.37 %.Therefore, results from two properly conducted tests (by thesame operator) on the same material should not differ by morethan 1.04 %.12.2 BiasNo statements on bias can be prepared becausethere are no standard reference materials.13
25、. Keywords13.1 bleeding; concrete; expansion; grouts; preplaced-aggregate; preplaced-aggregate concreteSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,C94098a(2003), that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved Octobe
26、r 1, 2010)(1) Revised the title, scope, and significance and use sections tobe consistent with revised subcommittee title and scope.C940 102ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this
27、standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years
28、 andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committe
29、e, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
30、2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C940 103
