1、Designation: C940 10aC940 16Standard Test Method forExpansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts forPreplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansion and accumulation of bleed wate
3、r at the surface of freshly mixedhydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production of preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-tensioningtendon grouts.1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or not it includes fine aggregate or supplemental cementitious materialsor
4、both.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address allof the safety concerns, if any, associated wit
5、h its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC219 Ter
6、minology Relating to Hydraulic CementC937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteE1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders3. Terminology3.1 Definition of TermsTerms used
7、in this test method are defined in Terminology C125 or in this section.3.1.1 bleedingthis term is defined in Terminology C125 with the exception that bleeding pertains to grout in this test method.3.1.2 expansionincrease in the volume of a grout, expressed as a percentage of the original volume of t
8、he grout.3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in total volume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surfaceof the grout are observed over a period of
9、time.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful for determining the expansion and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic cementgrout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.6. Interferences6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixt
10、ure, free of lumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reducedexpansion.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41 onHydraulic Cement Grouts.Current edition approved Dec. 1
11、5, 2010Feb. 1, 2016. Published January 2011March 2016. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asC94010.10a. DOI: 10.1520/C0940-10a.10.1520/C0940-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo
12、r Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may n
13、ot be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
14、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansion and the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of the groutduring the period of test.7. Apparatus7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL and meeting the requirements of Specifi
15、cation E1272 Style I or III TC.7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL and meeting the requirements of Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.7.3 Thermometer, Temperature Measuring Device, accurate to 0.5C for measuring groutmeeting the requirements of TestMethod C1064/C1064Mand air temperature. .8. Test Sample8.1
16、 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately 1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.9. Procedure9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in the laboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixtures orfor qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifie
17、rs proceed in the following manner:9.1.1 Maintain the ambient temperature of the room in which the test is performed at 23.062C, unless otherwise specified.9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixing water to a constant temperature of 23.062C before mixing, unlessotherwise specified.
18、9.1.3 Start volume measurements within 3 min of completion of mixing.9.2 When sampling and testing are being performed in the field, record the temperature of the grout samplespecimen and theambient temperature of the area in which the test readings are made. Record the time interval between complet
19、ion of mixing andstart of test.9.3 Immediately after the completion of mixing, measure the temperature of the grout. Then introduce the grout into a 1000-mLgraduated cylinder until the volume of the samplespecimen is 800610 mL. Record the volume of the samplespecimen and thetime at which the reading
20、 was made. Place the graduated cylinder on a level surface free of vibration. Cover to prevent evaporationof the bleed water.9.4 Take and record the readings, estimated to the nearest 1 mL, of the upper surfaces of the grout and bleed water, if any, ofthe samplespecimen in the graduate at 15-min int
21、ervals for the first 60 min and thereafter at hourly intervals until two successivereadings show no further expansion or bleeding. When the test for expansion and bleeding is used in connection with SpecificationC937, it shall be discontinued 3 h after the initial reading.9.5 At the conclusion of th
22、e test, decant the bleed water into a 25-mL graduate by tilting the specimen and drawing the wateroff with a pipet or large medicine dropper. Record the final volume of bleed water to the nearest 0.5 mL.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the expansion of the grout, and its bleeding and the combined expan
23、sion of grout plus bleed water as percentagesof the initial volume of the grout, as follows:Expansion, % 5 Vg 2 V1V13100 (1)Bleeding, % 5 V2 2 VgV13100atprescribedintervals (2)CombinedExpansion, % 5 V2 2 V1V13100 (3)Finalbleeding, % 5 VwV13100 (4)where:V1 = volume of sample at beginning of test, mL,
24、V1 = volume of specimen at beginning of test, mL,V2 = volume of sample at prescribed intervals, measured at upper surface of water layer, mL,V2 = volume of specimen at prescribed intervals, measured at upper surface of water layer, mL,Vg = volume of grout portion of sample at prescribed intervals, a
25、t upper surface of grout, mL, andVg = volume of grout portion of specimen at prescribed intervals, at upper surface of grout, mL, andVw = volume of decanted bleed water, mL.C940 16211. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Identification of the grout sample. grout.11.1.2 Expansion
26、 of grout to the nearest 0.2 % for each prescribed interval.11.1.3 Bleeding of grout to the nearest 0.2 % for each prescribed interval.11.1.4 Combined expansion of grout plus bleed water to the nearest 0.2 % for each prescribed interval.11.1.5 Final bleeding to nearest 0.2 %.11.1.6 Temperature of gr
27、out samplespecimen at start of test.11.1.7 Ambient temperature of laboratory or testing area at the beginning and end of test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Precision:12.1.1 BleedingThe single laboratory, three operators, standard deviation has been found to be 0.06 %. Therefore, results fromtwo properl
28、y conducted tests (by the same operator) on the same material should not differ by more than 0.17 %.12.1.2 Combined ExpansionThe single laboratory, three operators, standard deviation has been found to be 0.37 %. Therefore,results from two properly conducted tests (by the same operator) on the same
29、material should not differ by more than 1.04 %.12.2 BiasNo statements on bias can be prepared because there are no standard reference materials.13. Keywords13.1 bleeding; concrete; expansion; grouts; preplaced-aggregate; preplaced-aggregate concreteSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the
30、location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,C94010,10a, that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved Feb. 1, 2016December 15, 2010).)(1) Removed inch-pound units that were inconsistently used within the standard.(1) Added reference to Test Method C1064/C1064M for
31、Temperature Measuring Device to include accuracy.(2) Modified 3.1 to conform toASTM Form and Style; added reference to Terminology C219; and eliminated redundant definitionsalready listed in Terminology C125.(3) Replaced the term sample with specimen as appropriate and numbered the equations in acco
32、rdance withASTM Form and Style.(4) Revised the precision statement to eliminate difference limits as this was not determined using an ILS with more than 6laboratories.(2) Added reference to Specification E1272.Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since th
33、e last issue,C94098a(2003), that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved October 1, 2010)(1) Revised the title, scope, and significance and use sections to be consistent with revised subcommittee title and scope.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rig
34、hts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
35、 time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wil
36、l receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AST
37、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163
