1、Designation: C945 05 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forDesign Considerations and Spray Application of a RigidCellular Polyurethane Insulation System on Outdoor ServiceVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice concerns itself with the substrate pre
3、para-tion and priming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyure-thane system, and the protective insulation coatings for outdoorservice equipment.NOTE 1For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined tomean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred toas “PUR/PIR.
4、”1.2 The values given in inch-pound are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
5、use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principle
6、s on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal
7、 InsulationD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2200 Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface PreparationStandards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces2.2 American National Standards:Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye andFa
8、ce Protection32.3 Clemtex Limited Standard:“Anchor Pattern Standard”42.4 National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard:TM-01-70 Visual Surface Preparation Panels52.5 Other Documents:Safety Precautions in Handling and Spraying of PUR/PIRSystems6,73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions includ
9、ed inTerminology C168,Definitions D883, andAbbreviations D1600 apply to the termsused in this standard.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 blastingthe process of cleaning surfaces by use ofabrasive particles propelled at high velocity upon the surface tobe cleaned.3.2.2 coatings
10、/coveringsultraviolet ray-absorbing andwater-shedding protective materials applied over the urethanefoam.3.2.3 density:3.2.3.1 in-place densitythe weight per unit volume of thecross section of foam from substrate to exposed surface,including all skins (or surfaces).3.2.3.2 core densitythe weight per
11、 unit volume of a singlelayer of foam excluding top and bottom skins or (if present)interlayer skins.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on InsulationSystems.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017
12、. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C945 05 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/C0945-05R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
13、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Clemtex Ltd., P.O. Box 15214, Houston, TX 77020.5Available from NACE Internationa
14、l (NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston,TX 77084-4906, http:/www.nace.org.6Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA), 4400 Fair Lakes Ct, Suite 105,Fairfax, VA, http:/sprayfoam.org7Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry (API), 1300 Wilson Blvd Suite 800,Arlington, VA 22209, http:/polyurethanes.orgCopy
15、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internati
16、onal Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.4 foam systemappropriate formulations of two liquidcomponents, polyisocyanate, or A side, and polyol, or B side,for intended applications.3.2.5 ignition barriercement pl
17、aster or equivalentcoating/covering providing a resistance to ignition of the foaminsulation acceptable to the concerned building or firedepartment(s), or both. (Designated UL test is optional.)4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice facilitates the selection and application ofan insulation system
18、for use at service temperatures be-tween 30 and + 107C (22 and + 225F). Although thesuccessful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influencedby many factors, this practice treats those four areas found tobe of major importance:(1) Substrate preparation,(2) Substrate priming,(3) Insulation appli
19、cation, and(4) Protective coatings.4.2 Abrasive blasting, primer application, spray applicationof the insulation, and protective coating application eachcontribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job siteand will be dealt with in more detail under their respectiveheadings.5. Substrate
20、Preparation5.1 Proper substrate preparation is mandatory to obtain asuccessful foam application. These preparation methods mustremove any contaminants that will interfere with developmentof the maximum adhesion of the urethane foam. The method(s)chosen are dependent upon the contaminants present on
21、thesurface and the end-use design service temperature.5.1.1 Previously Coated Iron and Steel SurfacesThe ad-hesion of spray-applied urethane to previously coated surfacesis directly influenced by the age, type, and condition of thesurface. For this reason any coating that exhibits chalking,peeling,
22、or other evidence of failure or damage must beremoved and an appropriate primer applied. Abrasive blastingis recommended. If blasting is to be accomplished, all itemslisted under Section 6 should be followed. In all cases, thecoated substrate must be cleaned and free of rust, grease, oil,dirt, dust,
23、 moisture, etc., immediately prior to foam spraying byone or more of the following methods: (a) wash with water andallow to dry, (b) brush, (c) broom, or (d) air blast.5.1.2 New Iron or Steel SurfacesField blasting and prim-ing is recommended. All blasting is to be accomplished inaccordance with ite
24、ms listed in Section 6. Shop preparation isalso acceptable with proper field surface preparation of theweld joints and all damaged areas. In all cases, the substrate tobe sprayed with foam shall be free of rust, grease, oil, looseparticles, and mill scale, moisture, dirt, etc. After priming iscomple
25、te, all areas that are specified to be insulated shall bewashed with water and allowed to dry, brushed, broomed, orair-blasted prior to applying the insulation.NOTE 2Caution: Be sure the primer is useable at the design tempera-ture and acceptable under the foam insulation.5.1.3 Galvanized Metal Surf
26、acesClean with an acceptablesolvent, wash with water to remove deposits, spray with anacceptable wash primer, and then coat all areas with anacceptable primer or coating.NOTE 3This procedure is not always required depending on the age ofthe metal, exposure, and use.5.1.4 Aluminum SurfacesDegrease wi
27、th appropriate sol-vents. Coat the clean, dry surface with a recommended primeror coating.5.1.5 Stainless Steel SurfacesDegrease with appropriatesolvents. Coat the clean, dry surface with a recommendedprimer or coating. (Chloride-free materials are recommendedon surfaces operating above 140F (60C).)
28、6. Recommended Blasting Procedures6.1 All surfaces to be primed or coated shall be prepared tothe degree of cleanliness and surface profile as recommendedby the primer supplier. Pictorial D2200 shall be used as thestandard. Blast-cleaned surface acceptance will be by one ormore of the following visu
29、al comparison methods:“ AnchorPattern Standards” NACE Visual Surface Preparation Panels(Standard TM-01-70), and Pictorial D2200.6.2 All welding, burning, etc., shall be completed prior tothe blasting operation.6.3 Remove any grease or oil with a petroleum solvent orwater-detergent solution. All flux
30、, spatter, slag, or other lami-nations left from welding must be chipped or ground off.Rough welds and other sharp projections should be groundsmooth by the fabricator prior to the blasting operation.6.4 Sandblast sand shall be sharp, graded flint or silica sand(16 to 30 mesh). Where inorganic zinc
31、coatings are applied, thesurface preparation shall be abrasive blasted using 16 to30-mesh sand, G40 to 50 grit, or an equivalent abrasive thatwill provide a similar surface profile.All abrasives shall be freeof all dust, dirt, and other foreign matter. They shall be kept dryand free of oil at all ti
32、mes.MANDATORY HEALTH AND SAFETYPRECAUTIONS FOR BLASTING OPERATIONS6.4.1 Effective oil and water traps shall be used to ensureclean, dry air supply to the abrasive pot. Water shall becontinuously bled from the moisture trap.6.4.2 A“dead-man” valve shall be used on all blast nozzles.6.4.3 All blast ho
33、ses shall have an antistatic lining.6.4.4 All blast nozzles shall be properly grounded.6.4.5 Nozzle blast operators exposed to blasting dust shallwear a U.S. Bureau of Mines-approved helmet connected to aclean, breathable compressed air source.6.4.6 All others exposed to blasting dust shall wear a U
34、.S.Bureau of Mines-approved filter-type respirator. Adequatepersonnel protection from flying particles shall be provided inany blasting operation.6.4.7 If at any time the blasting equipment and materialspecifications are not being met, the owner may suspend theoperation.C945 05 (2017)26.4.8 Blasted
35、surfaces shall not be allowed to become wet ordulled by oxidation to a point where visible rusting hasoccurred.6.4.9 All surfaces shall be primed during the same day thatthey are blasted.6.4.10 Surface cleanliness and profile depth shall be suitablefor the metal primer to be used. These conditions s
36、hall bemonitored in accordance with the visual comparison methodsspecified herein.6.4.11 Surfaces inspected and found to not meet the criteriaoutlined in 6.1 6.4 must be blasted again.7. Selection of Metal Primer7.1 The following items shall be considered when choosinga metal primer:7.1.1 Surface pr
37、eparation required,7.1.2 Foam adhesion, substrate adhesion, and heat resis-tance at the maximum and minimum vessel operatingtemperatures, and7.1.3 Corrosion resistance to spilled vessel contents.7.2 Listed below are general application recommendations,which may vary depending on the type of primer s
38、elected:7.2.1 The manufacturers recommendations for thinning,mixing, handling, and applying his products shall be consid-ered a part of this practice.7.2.2 All bolts, welds, faying surfaces, sharp edges, anddifficult access areas shall receive a primer spot-coat prior toprimer spray application.7.2.
39、3 The primer shall be applied in a fashion to obtaincomplete coverage.7.2.4 Primer shall not be applied during rain, snow, fog,mist, high relative humidity, or low metal temperatures. Therelative humidity and dew point shall be determined at the jobsite using a surface thermometer and wet/dry bulb s
40、lingpsychrometer.7.2.4.1 Priming of the metal shall not be permitted when thetemperature of the metal is at or below the dew point or abovethe dew point and falling with the temperature expected toreach the dew point before the application is complete. Primingshall be permitted when the temperature
41、is above the dew pointand rising or expected to remain above the dew point whileapplication is taking place.7.2.5 Primer shall be applied to a clean, dry substrate free ofdirt, sand, and loose foreign matter.7.2.6 The substrate shall be prepared in accordance withSection 5 prior to metal primer appl
42、ication. Any metal oxidiz-ing or developing rust prior to primer application shall bereturned to the specified degree of surface preparation.7.2.7 After the primer has been applied and allowed to dry,inspect the primer for holidays and adequate dry film thickness.Where inadequate dry film thickness
43、or holidays exist, addi-tional material shall be applied or the surface reconditioned andthe primer reapplied. Same as 7.2.6.7.2.8 Primer spray application equipment shall be thatrecommended by the coating manufacturer. Compressed airsources shall have moisture traps. Before spray applicationbegins,
44、 all hoses and guns shall be solvent-flushed and in-spected to ensure that no moisture is present.7.2.9 All flames, sparks, welding, and smoking shall beprohibited in the application area.7.2.10 All affected items, in the surrounding area, shall beprotected from overspray.7.2.11 Spray guns must be h
45、eld perpendicular to the surfacebeing painted and adjusted so that dry overspray is minimized.8. Selection of the Foam System8.1 A wide range of foam systems is available in variousdensities, each exhibiting different temperature limitations,combustibility characteristics, etc. The use of these syst
46、ems incombination with each other or with conventional insulationproducts offer a broad range of economical installations.8.2 Published properties are usually determined onlaboratory-produced samples. The thickness of foam sprayed,number of passes, temperature of the substrate, ambienttemperatures,
47、etc., have a pronounced effect on all properties.8.3 Resistance to chemical attack from in-service exposureshall be considered in the selection of the proper foam system.The degree of possible damage to the foam system is deter-mined by the amount of the chemical, its type, temperature,and duration
48、of contact.8.4 Listed below are several items that shall be consideredin the selection of the foam system:8.4.1 Insulation temperature limitation versus vessel oper-ating design temperature,8.4.2 Dimensional stability under simulated serviceconditions,8.4.3 Combustibility characteristics,8.4.4 Appli
49、cation conditions (substrate and ambienttemperatures, etc.),8.4.5 History of similar application or laboratory data relat-ing to the application in question,8.4.6 Compressive strength,8.4.7 Adhesion to substrate, and8.4.8 Thermal resistance.8.5 Handling of Foam System Materials:8.5.1 Materials shall be stored in accordance with themanufacturers recommendations.8.5.2 All materials associated with the foam system shall bedelivered to the job site in unopened standard commercialcontainers bearing the manufacturers original label with thefollowing informat
