1、Designation: C 969 02 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice forInfiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of InstalledPrecast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 969; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Sco
3、pe1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing installedprecast concrete pipe sewer lines using either water infiltrationor exfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity ofthe installed materials and construction procedure.1.2 This practice is the inch-pound companion to PracticeC 9
4、69M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in thepractice.NOTE 1The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct,observe, and furnish labor, furnish material and measuring devices, andpay for the tests; who is responsible for determining local groundwaterconditions; and which test is to
5、be conducted, that is, an infiltration test oran exfiltration test.NOTE 2The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presentedin this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 24-in. diameter orlarger, may be accepted by visual inspection when testing for infiltration.1.3 This
6、standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2
7、.1 ASTM Standards:2C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProducts3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Determine the groundwater conditions surrounding thesection of sewer to be tested and se
8、lect the type of test to beconducted.4.2 For the infiltration test, the amount of water leaking intothe sewer line is measured, and the rate of infiltration isdetermined. If the rate is less than or equal to the allowablelimit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.4.3 For the exfiltration test,
9、 the sewer line is filled withwater to the specified test head and the rate of water loss isdetermined. If the rate is less than or equal to the allowablelimit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded areapplicable only to
10、the sewer being tested and at the time oftesting.6. Preparation of the Sewer Line6.1 The sewer shall should be free of debris prior to testing.6.2 The manholes, the ends of the branches, laterals, wyesand stubs to be included in the test shall be plugged. All plugsshall be secured to prevent leakage
11、 blowout due to testingpressure.7. Procedure7.1 Infiltration Testing:7.1.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or betweenmore than two manholes. The length of main tested shall notexceed 700 ft.7.1.2 Stop all dewatering operations and allow the ground-water to return to its normal level. Infiltr
12、ation testing shall notbe used unless the groundwater level is at least 2 ft above thecrown of the pipe for the entire length of the test section.7.1.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstreammanhole.7.1.4 Measure the groundwater elevation and determine theaverage head over the test secti
13、on.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on ConcretePipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 969 02.2For
14、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
15、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.1.5 Measure infiltration leakage at the outlet of the testsection. Because leakage allowances are small, measurementsare best made by either timing the filling of a small containerof known volume, or by directing flow into a container for aspecifie
16、d time and measuring the content, or by using smallweirs.7.1.6 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal tothe allowable leakage in accordance with 8.1, the section ofsewer tested is acceptable.7.1.7 If the test section fails, it is not prohibited that it berepaired and retested in accor
17、dance with this practice.7.2 Exfiltration Testing:7.2.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or betweenmore than two manholes. The length of main tested shall notexceed 700 ft.7.2.2 Determine the groundwater elevation at both ends ofthe test section. If the groundwater level is less than 2 ft abo
18、vethe crown of the pipe measured from the highest elevation ofthe sewer, the exfiltration test shall be used.7.2.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstreammanhole and the test section outlet. Fill the sewer line withwater.7.2.4 At the upstream manhole the test head shall beestablished as
19、minimum of 2 ft above the crown of the pipe, orat least 2 ft above existing groundwater, whichever is higher.7.2.5 Allow the pipe to remain saturated for a period longenough to allow water absorption in the pipe, a minimum of 4h and up to a maximum of 72 h. After the absorption period,refill the pip
20、e to the required test head.7.2.6 Measure the leakage loss over a timed test period. Theminimum test period shall be 15 min and the maximum shallnot exceed 24 h.7.2.7 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal tothe allowable leakage in accordance with 8.2, the section ofsewer tested is a
21、cceptable.7.2.8 If the test section fails, it is not prohibited that it berepaired and retested in accordance with this practice. Thegroundwater elevation shall be redetermined prior to a secondtest and the test head adjusted, if necessary, in accordance with7.2.4.8. Leakage Criteria8.1 Infiltration
22、 Testing:8.1.1 For infiltration testing, the allowable leakage limitincluding manholes is 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mileof sewer) (24 h) when the average head on the test section is 6ft or less.NOTE 3The average head on the test section is the head above thecrown of the pipe at the upstrea
23、m manhole plus the head above the crownof the pipe at the downstream manhole divided by two.8.1.2 When the average groundwater head on the testsection is greater than 6 ft, the allowable leakage shall beincreased in proportion to the ratio of the square root of theaverage groundwater head to the squ
24、are root of the base headof 6 ft.8.1.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independentlyor with the pipeline with the allowance of 0.1 gal/(ft ofdiameter) (ft of head) (h). If building or house leads areconnected to the main line being tested, allowance shall bemade for permissible leakage in su
25、ch leads.8.2 Exfiltration Testing:8.2.1 For exfiltration testing the allowable leakage limitincluding manholes is 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mileof sewer) (24 h) when the average head on the test section is 3ft or less.8.2.2 When the average head on the test section is greaterthan 3 ft, the
26、 allowable leakage shall be multiplied by the ratioof the square root of the average test head and the square rootof the base head of 3 ft.8.2.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independentlyor with the pipeline with an allowance of 0.1 gal/(ft ofdiameter) (ft of head) (h).9. Calculation9.1 S
27、ample calculations are presented in the Appendix.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of beingmade either on precision or on bias of these procedures sincethe test results merely state whether there is conformance to thecriteria for the success specified. Due to t
28、he sealing effects ofgroundwater, internal flow in the sewerline, and test water, thetest conditions and results are not reproducible.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. APPLICATION OF THE PRACTICEX1.1 The following examples have been prepared todemonstrate the technique of applying this practice:
29、X1.1.1 Example 1: A sewer line is to be tested for infiltra-tion. The sewer line is a 12-in. diameter pipe with thegroundwater head over the upstream manhole of 9 ft and agroundwater head over the downstream manhole of 11 ft. Thedistance between manholes is 400 ft.X1.1.1.1 Find: The appropriate allo
30、wable rate of infiltra-tion leakage per hour of test.X1.1.1.2 Solution: The average test head in feet is:C 969 02 (2009)2Test head 5 9 1 11!/2 5 10 (X1.1)Since the test head is greater than the base head (6 ft), theallowable rate of 200 gal/(in. diameter) (mile) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio
31、 of the square root of the averagegroundwater head (10 ft) and the square root of the base head(6 ft) or:Allowable leakage 5 200 3=10=65 258 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!(X1.2)Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for theabove line in gallons per hour gives:Allowable leakage: 258 12 diamete
32、r!3 400 ft!/24 h!35280 ft/mile!#5 9.77 (X1.3)X1.1.1.3 Answer: 9.77 gal/h.X1.1.2 Example 2: A sewer line is to be tested for exfil-tration as the groundwater level is below the crown of the pipeat the upstream manhole. The sewer line is an 18-in. diameterpipe with a specified test head of 2 ft over t
33、he crown of the pipeat the upstream manhole. The sewer line test section is 400 ftlong between manholes on a slope of 1.0 %.X1.1.2.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of exfiltra-tion leakage per hour of test.X1.1.2.2 Solution: The average test head in feet is:Test head 5400 3 0.01 1 2! 1 225 4 (
34、X1.4)Since the test head is greater than the base head (3 ft), theallowable rate of 200 gal/(in. diameter) (mile) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the test head andthe square root of the base head (3 ft) or:Allowable leakage 5 200 3=4=35 231 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!(X1.
35、5)Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for theabove line in gallons per hour gives:Allowable leakage 5 231 18 diameter!3400 ft!/24 h!3 5280 ft/mile!#5 13.1 (X1.6)X1.1.2.3 Answer: 13.1 gal/h.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conn
36、ection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respons
37、ible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful c
38、onsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 10
39、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 969 02 (2009)3
